Salinity stress mitigation of some canola cultivars grown under South Sinai conditions using magnetic water technology

Salinity stresses either in irrigation water and/or soil is one of the most serious agricultural problems facing farmers in arid and semi-arid regions included Egypt.  Many areas in the Sinai region depend mainly on the underground water of various degrees of salinity that prevent cultivated crops from reach to the full yield. Under these conditions, a split-plot field experiment using three canola cultivars; Pactol, Serw-4 and Serw-6 under three irrigation water treatments: i) Brackish-water (BW), ii) Magnetic-BW1; brackish water after magnetization through passing a three inch static-magnetic unit,3.75 mT, produced by Delta Water Company, Egypt and iii) Magnetic-BW2; brackish water after magnetization through passing a three inch static magnetic unit, 0.75 mT, produced by Magnetic-Technologies Company, UAE, was carried out at Agricultural Experimental Station of Desert Research Centre, Ras Sidr region, South Sinai Governorate, Egypt during the 2017/18 winter season. The results showed that irrigation with M-BW1 or M-BW2 surpassed irrigation with BW in all tested growth parameters (plant height, branches and leaf number/plant, leaf area, dry matter of leaves, stem and total plant, and total chlorophyll); leaf anatomy (instance, midvein and lamina thickness, length and width of leaf vascular bundle and lower and upper epidermis thickness); stem anatomy (stem diameter and thickness of cortex, xylem and phloem in addition pith diameter) and chemical analysis for mineral content (N, P, K, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn ) at 85 days after sowing (DAS). As an average of both magnetically brackish-water treatments over tested three canola varieties, the percent of improvement compared to irrigation with brackish-water ranged between 10.78-16.02% for growth parameters, 28.33-31.76% for dry matter of plant; 15.58 -80.81% for leaf ; 10.71-63.88% for stems and 2.42-54.48% for mineral content of leaves at 85 DAS. Reverse trends were observed in the best indicators for alleviation salinity stress (Na, and proline), where these decreased under both magnetic brackish water treatments by 66.08 and 43.75%, respectively (average of both magnetically  brackishwater treatments compared to BW water treatment). Generally, the three tested canola varieties showed a positive response under magnetic brackish water treatments. The positive results in above-mentioned parameters of vegetative growth reflected improvement in canola yield and its components. The percent of improvement ranged between 9.35 and 35.98 for yield components and reached1.29,19.66 and 21.30% in seed oil percentage, seeds and oil yield (kg fed-1; fed=4200 m2), respectively compared to brackish water.&nbsp

Does Magnetic Field Change Water pH?

Salt-laden waters pose major problems in the hydraulic field. Scaling problems can be troublesome for sanitary, potable and irrigation water networks. Also, irrigation water salinity is a major concern for agriculture, affecting crop productivity and yield. To alleviate some of these problems, various physical processes are put to the test such as magnetic processes. A laboratory experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Natural Water Treatment of Borj Cedria Tunisia, to study the effect of different magnetic treatments (M1=3300 Gauss, M2=2900 Gauss, M3=5000 Gauss and Electromagnetic Em=900 Gauss) under two flow rate (0.03 and 0.06 letter/second) and two temperature (18 and 24oC) on water characteristics in order to observe the variation in the pH of water. The application of all magnetic field treatment showed slightly an increase in the pH of treated water compared to untreated water

Field and modelling study for deficit irrigation strategy on roots volume and water productivity of wheat

In many regions of the world, including Egypt, water shortages threaten food production. An irrigation deficient strategy in dry areas has been widely investigated as a valuable and sustainable approach to production. In this study, the dry matter and grain yield of wheat was decreased by reducing the amount of irrigation water as well as the volume of the root system. As a result of this, there was an increase the soil moisture stress. This negatively affected the absorption of water and nutrients in the root zone of wheat plants, which ultimately had an effect on the dry matter and grain yield of wheat. The values of dry matter and grain yield of wheat increased with the ʻSakha 94ʼ variety compared to the ʻSakha 93ʼ class. It is possible that this was due to the increase in the genetic characteristic of the root size with the ʻSakha 94ʼ variety compared to the ʻSakha 93ʼ class, as this increase led to the absorption of water and nutrients from a larger volume of root spread. Despite being able to increase the water productivity of wheat by decreasing the amount of added irrigation water, the two highest grain yield values were achieved when adding 100% and 80% of irrigation requirements (IR) needed to irrigate the wheat and no significant differences between the yield values at 100% and 80% of IR were found. Therefore, in accordance with this study, the recommended irrigation for wheat is at 80% IR which will provide 20% IR. When comparing the water productivity of two wheat varieties in study, it becomes clear that ʻSakha 94ʼ was superior to ʻSakha 93ʼ when adding the same amount of irrigation water, and this resulted in increased wheat productivity for ʻSakha 94ʼ. The SALTMED results confirmed good accuracy (R2: 0.92 to 0.98) in simulating soil moisture, roots volume, water application efficiency, dry matter, and grain yield for two varieties of wheat under deficit irrigation conditions. Whilst using sprinkler irrigation system under sandy soils in Egypt

Implication of Crop Row Orientation and Row Spacing for Controlling Weeds and Increasing Yield in Wheat

Abstract: To obtain maximum crop yield, agricultural practices must be considered. Two crop row orientations [north-south (N-S) and east-west (E-W)] and row spacings (10 and 20 cm) were tested in this regard under two weed control treatments (unweeded and hand pulling twice at 30 and 45 days after sowing) to study their effects on growth and yield in wheat as well as on associated weeds in the newly reclaimed soil in Egypt. The study was conducted in two successive seasons (2009/10-2010/11) at the Experimental Station of the National Research Centre, El Nubaria district, El-Behera Governorate. Split-split plot design was employed in this regard with four replications each treatment. Good activity was recorded for the whole treatments, either in increasing crop growth, yield, yield components or controlling associated weeds. The best results obtained in this regard were for the treatment (E-W crop row direction + 20 cm row spacing + hand weeding twice). Compared to control, the data recorded 43.9 % increase in crop growth (on the basis of dry matter weight) and 21.3 % in crop yield. Remarkable inhibition was also obtained on associated weeds (48.5 %) under this treatment. From that all, we can conclude the effectiveness of row direction and row spacing in increasing crop yield and controlling associated weeds in wheat which in terms of saving environment and our nourishment as well as reducing agricultural costs are highly valuable

Gating of false identifications in electrocardiogram based biometric system

A signal-to-noise ratio based false identification reduction system was proposed for an ECG based biometric system. The system generated a signal quality index (SQI) based on the 25th percentile of the signal-to-noise ratios of the individual beats within a 20 s segment of ECG data. Identifications generated from ECG segments with SQIs below a set threshold were gated. The system was tested using 642 ECG segments collected from 32 subjects while standing still and while jogging. With no gating the biometric system attained a precision of 0.49. Following the application of the gating system at a threshold of 1 dB, the precision increased to 0.68. The system eliminated 98.7% (155/157) of the false identification during the noise corrupted (jogging) interval while maintaining the count of the true identifications (2/2). During the clean (standing still) intervals, the system gated 57.8% (193/334) of the false identifications and 8.14% (25/307) of the true identifications

Elaboration and Physico-Mechanical Characterization of a New Eco-Mortar Composite Based on Magnetized Water and Fly Ash

This study examines the flexural strength and compressive strength of the mortars, which were mixed with the electromagnetic field treated water (EMFTW) and contained fly ash. EMFTW was obtained by passing the tap water through an electromagnetic field. The test variable was the fly ash content in place of cement and the water treated with EMFTW in place of the tap water. The results show that the flexural and compressive strength of the mortar samples mixed with MFTW is 12.56% and 15.8% higher than that prepared with the tap water, respectively. It was also found that the magnetized water improves the resistance to bending and compression by 12.67% and 4.35% to that prepared with the tap water and 10% fly ash instead of cement