Smart Charging of Electric Vehicles in Energy Systems with high Shares of Renewable Energies

The increased use of electric vehicles puts additional pressure on the energy system. In an energy system based on high shares of renewable energy, charging of electric vehicles should occur when there is enough energy from renewable energy sources. For this analysis a set of models is used in an iterative approach. The energy optimization model REMix calculates the utilization of renewable power sources and stationary storage on an hourly basis based on meteorological input data and passes the marginals of the energy generation cost as a charging price to the charging demand model CURRENT. Based on a utility function the model CURRENT can decide if a user will charge the car now or later based on the current state of charge of the battery and the expected charging prices. The charging pattern is passed back to the energy systems model to remodel power production and energy costs. The price signal from the energy system can give incentives to charge at times with high availability of renewable energy sources. We will show some results of this iterative approach which show that with the right tariffs charging can be optimized according to the weather patterns and the demand of stationary storage and peak power can be reduced by generating price signals based on weather data

User's Guide to the SoDa and SOLEMI Services

The European Earth observation programme GMES (Global Monitoring for Environment and Security) aims at providing environmental information to support policymakers, public authorities and both public and commercial users. A systematic monitoring and forecasting of the state of the Earth's subsystems is currently under development. Six thematic areas are developed: marine, land, atmosphere, emergency, security and climate change. A land monitoring service, a marine monitoring service and an atmosphere monitoring service will contribute directly to the monitoring of climate change and to the assessment of mitigation and adaptation policies. Additional GMES services will address respectively emergency response and security-related aspects. The pre-operational atmosphere service of GMES is currently provided through the FP7 project MACC (Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate). MACC combines state-of-the-art atmospheric modelling with Earth observation data to provide information services covering European Air Quality, Global Atmospheric Composition, Climate, and UV and Solar Energy. Within the radiation subproject (MACC-RAD) existing historical and daily updated databases for monitoring incoming surface solar irradiance are further developed. The service will meet the needs of European and national policy development and the requirements of (commercial) downstream services (e.g. planning, monitoring, efficiency improvements, integration into energy supply grids). The SOLEMI service (operated by MACC partner DLR) and the SoDa service (operated by MACC partner ARMINES and its subsidiary Transvalor) have been specifically developed in several national, European and ESA projects to fulfil the requirements for long-term databases and NRT services. On its transition process from the precursor services SoDa and SOLEMI the following User's Guide intends to summarize existing knowledge, which has been published only in a scattered manner. Part A 'Users' Expectations' describes the communities of users, their expectations and gives an overview of the compliance of the MACC RAD service with those. In Part B 'Creating Databases', the current databases HelioClim and SOLEMI as well as the methods used to convert satellite images into solar surface irradiance are presented. The quality of the retrieved irradiances is discussed. An overview of the operations and workflow is presented for the creation, updating and monitoring of these databases. Part C 'Delivering products' is devoted to the supply of products. The core products are defined. The future MACC-RAD Service is described and a prototype is presented. It is intended to update this User's Guide regularly following the realisation of the MACC RAD service line

User's Guide to the MACC-RAD Services on solar energy radiation resources

The European Earth observation programme GMES (Global Monitoring for Environment and Security), now Copernicus (the European Earth Observation Programme) since December 2012, aims at providing environmental information to support policymakers, public authorities and both public and commercial users. A systematic monitoring and forecasting of the state of the Earth's subsystems is currently under development. Six thematic areas are developed: marine, land, atmosphere, emergency, security and climate change. A land monitoring service, a marine monitoring service and an atmosphere monitoring service will contribute directly to the monitoring of climate change and to the assessment of mitigation and adaptation policies. Additional GMES services will address respectively emergency response and security-related aspects. The pre-operational atmosphere service of GMES is currently provided through the FP7 projects MACC and MACC-II (Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate). MACC combines state-of-the-art atmospheric modelling with Earth observation data to provide information services covering European Air Quality, Global Atmospheric Composition, Climate, and UV and Solar Energy. Within the radiation subproject (MACC-RAD) existing historical and daily updated databases for monitoring incoming surface solar irradiance are further developed. The service will meet the needs of European and national policy development and the requirements of (commercial) downstream services (e.g. planning, monitoring, efficiency improvements, integration into energy supply grids). The SOLEMI and the HelioClim 3 databases operated by respectively DLR and ARMINES and its subsidiary Transvalor have been specifically developed in several national, European and ESA projects to fulfil the requirements for long-term databases and NRT services. On its transition process from the precursor services HelioClim and SOLEMI the following User's Guide intends to summarize existing knowledge, which has been published only in a scattered manner. Part A 'Users' Expectations' describes the communities of users, their expectations and gives an overview of the compliance of the MACC RAD service with those. In Part B 'The legacy HelioClim 3 and SOLEMI databases', the current databases HelioClim 3 and SOLEMI as well as the methods used to convert satellite images into solar surface irradiance are presented. The quality of the retrieved irradiances is discussed. An overview of the operations and workflow is presented for the creation, updating and monitoring of these databases. Part C 'The new HelioClim 4 database' describes the new Heliosat 4 method and the new HelioClim 4 database and provides an overview of the operations and the workflow. Part D 'Quality control of estimates of irradiance' discusses the means to control the quality of the elaboration of the products and to assess the uncertainty of the estimates of irradiance. Part E 'Delivering products' is devoted to the supply of HelioClim 4 products. The products are defined. A prototype of a means to access the HelioClim 4 products is presented. It is intended to update this User's Guide regularly following the realisation of the MACC RAD service line

Demand for Green Fuels and Import Options for the EU

A short presention on scenario resutls of the project BENiVer and MENA Fuels on the demand for green fuels

On quality control procedures for solar radiation and meteorological measures, from subhourly to montly average time periods

International audienceMeteorological data measured by ground stations are often a key element in the development and validation of methods exploiting satellite images. These data are considered as a reference against which satellite-derived estimates are compared. Long-term radiation and meteorological measurements are available from a large number of measuring sta- tions. However, close examination of the data often reveals a lack of quality, often for extended periods of time. This lack of quality has been the reason, in many cases, of the rejection of large amount of available data. The quality data must be checked before their use in order to guarantee the inputs for the methods used in modelling, monitoring, forecast, etc. To control their quality, data should be submitted to several conditions or tests. After this checking, data that are not flagged by any of the test is released as a plausible data. In this work, it has been performed a bibliographical research of quality control tests for the common meteoro- logical variables (ambient temperature, relative humidity and wind speed) and for the usual solar radiometrical variables (horizontal global and diffuse components of the solar radiation and the beam normal component). The different tests have been grouped according to the variable and the average time period (sub-hourly, hourly, daily and monthly averages). The quality test may be classified as follows: * Range checks: test that verify values are within a specific range. There are two types of range checks, those based on extrema and those based on rare observations. * Step check: test aimed at detecting unrealistic jumps or stagnation in the time series. * Consistency checks: test that verify the relationship between two or more time series. The gathered quality tests are applicable for all latitudes as they have not been optimized regionally nor seasonably with the aim of being generic. They have been applied to ground measurements in several geographic locations, what result in the detection of some control tests that are no longer adequate, due to different reasons. After the modification of some test, based in our experience, a set of quality control tests is now presented, updated according to technology advances and classified. The presented set of quality tests allows radiation and meteorological data to be tested in order to know their plausibility to be used as inputs in theoretical or empirical methods for scientific research. The research leading to those results has partly receive funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under Grant Agreement no. 262892 (ENDORSE projec

Comparing Power-System and User-Oriented Battery Electric Vehicle Charging Representation and its Impact on Energy System Modeling

Battery electric vehicles (BEV) provide an opportunity to balance supply and demand in future power systems with high shares of fluctuating renewable energy. Compared to other storage systems such as pumped-storage hydroelectricity, electric vehicle energy demand is highly dependent on charging and connection choices of vehicle users. We present a model framework of a utility-based stock and flow model, a utility-based microsimulation of charging decisions, and an energy system model including respective interfaces to assess how the representation of battery electric vehicle charging affects energy system optimization results. We then apply the framework to a scenario study for controlled charging of nine million electric vehicles in Germany in 2030. Assuming a respective fleet power demand of 27 TWh, we analyze the difference between power-system-based and vehicle user-based charging decisions in two respective scenarios. Our results show that taking into account vehicle users’ charging and connection decisions significantly decreases the load shifting potential of controlled charging. The analysis of marginal values of equations and variables of the optimization problem yields valuable insights on the importance of specific constraints and optimization variables. Assumptions on fleet battery availability and a detailed representation of fast charging are found to have a strong impact on wind curtailment, renewable energy feed-in, and required gas power plant flexibility. A representation of fleet connection to the grid in high temporal detail is less important. Peak load can be reduced by 5% and 3% in both scenarios, respectively. Shifted load is robust across sensitivity analyses while other model results such as curtailment are more sensitive to factors such as underlying data years. Analyzing the importance of increased BEV fleet battery availability for power systems with different weather and electricity demand characteristics should be further scrutinized

Helmholtz Metadata Collaboration (HMC) - FAIr Metadata for Energy = FAIRe Metadaten für die Energieforschung

Ein Teil des Helmholtz-Inkubators Information und Data Science ist die Helmholtz Metadata Collaboration (HMC). HMC soll die Beschreibung von Forschungsdaten durch Metadaten zu deren besseren Auffindbarkeit vorantreiben sowie organisatorisch und technisch umsetzen. Metadaten sind essentielle Infor¬mationen über Forschungsdaten, die für deren Auffinden und Verstehen sowie für deren Vernetzung und Nachnut¬zung im Sinne der FAIR-Prinzipien erforderlich sind. Zur Umsetzung wird die wissenschaftliche Expertise zum Thema Metadaten aus einzelnen Fachdomainen in sogenannten Metadata Hubs der einzelnen Forschungsbereiche zusammengefasst, auf übergeordneter Ebene harmonisiert und, mit Hilfe zentral entwickelter Methoden und Werkzeugen, Metadatenplattformen bereitgestellt. Für den Forschungsbereich Energie ist der HMC Hub Energie verantwortlich. Aufgabe ist hierbei die vorhandenen Standards zur Energiedaten- und Metadatenbeschreibung, etablierte Beschreibungs- und Erfassungsprozesse sowie zugehörige Softwarewerkzeuge zu erfassen, Lücken zu identifizieren und Szenarien zur Ergänzung und Weiterentwicklung in der Domäne Energie zu entwerfen. Einheitliche Ziele von HMC sind die einfache und FAIRe Erschließung und Nutzung vorhandener und zukünftiger Datensammlungen der Forschungsbereiche sowie die Befähigung der Forschenden FAIRe Daten (semi-) automatisch zu erstellen. Das Poster beschreibt die Struktur von HMC allgemein und dem Hub Energie im speziellen, die entwickelten Methoden und Werkzeuge und gibt anhand von Anwendungsbeispielen Impulse für die Umsetzung der Methoden und Werkzeuge hin zu FAIRen Metadaten. Weiterhin werden Verknüpfungen zu Trainings- und Schulungsunterlagen von HMC hergestellt. Das Poster soll dazu einladen mit dem HMC Hub Energie Kontakt aufzunehmen um von den Arbeiten von HMC profitieren zu können

McClear: a new model estimating downwelling solar radiation at ground level in clear-sky conditions

International audienceA new fast clear-sky model called McClear was developed to estimate the downwelling shortwave direct and global irradiances received at ground level under clear skies. It is a fully physical model replacing empirical relations or simpler models used before. It exploits the recent results on aerosol properties, and total column content in water vapour and ozone produced by the MACC project (Monitoring Atmosphere Composition and Climate). It accurately reproduces the irradiance computed by the libRadtran reference radiative transfer model with a computational speed approximately 105 times greater by adopting the abaci, or look-up table, approach combined with interpolation functions. It is therefore suited for geostationary satellite retrievals or numerical weather prediction schemes with many pixels or grid points, respectively. McClear irradiances were compared to 1 min measurements made in clear-sky conditions at several stations within the Baseline Surface Radiation Network in various climates. The bias for global irradiance comprises between −6 and 25Wm−2. The RMSE ranges from 20Wm−2 (3% of the mean observed irradiance) to 36Wm−2 (5 %) and the correlation coefficient ranges between 0.95 and 0.99. The bias for the direct irradiance comprises between −48 and +33Wm−2. The root mean square error (RMSE) ranges from 33Wm−2 (5 %) to 64Wm−2 (10 %). The correlation coefficient ranges between 0.84 and 0.98. This work demonstrates the quality of the McClear model combined with MACC products, and indirectly the quality of the aerosol properties modelled by the MACC reanalysis

Solar Atlas for the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean

International audienceSouthern and eastern Mediterranean regions are prone to production of electricity by solar systems. The solar resource is the "fuel" of such systems and its availability is a key economic parameter in system design. Even though the southern and eastern Mediterranean region is served by several commercial data providers, in a public domain, so far only coarse resolution (100 km) data or data with limited temporal coverage is available. For more rapid development of policies and to attract the industrial interest in this region a more enhanced and easy to access free information is needed. The project will bring high resolution (1 km), long term coverage of at least 15 years data on the available solar resources for the region covering the countries Syria, Jordan, Israel, Lebanon, Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, Palestine National Authority, Mauretania and Turkey. The resource data will be derived from Earth Observation satellite data, based on published and transparent methodologies and the data will be validated with existing ground measurements in the region. The database will be provided by SOLEMI and Helioclim-3 (SoDa) sources - Global Horizontal Irradiation (GHI) and Direct Normal Irradiation (DNI). The data will be made available via a distributed information system which will ensure the ease of access to the data. The free access to the data will include historical, annual and monthly averages, and more detailed data products and services will remain the domain of commercial data providers. This paper will show the first prototype of the user interface for an easy web access to the solar radiation as well as ancillary geographical data. With the presentation of this paper we aim to encourage potential users to give us feedback on the further development