HIM-10 is required for kinetochore structure and function on Caenorhabditis elegans holocentric chromosomes.

Macromolecular structures called kinetochores attach and move chromosomes within the spindle during chromosome segregation. Using electron microscopy, we identified a structure on the holocentric mitotic and meiotic chromosomes of Caenorhabditis elegans that resembles the mammalian kinetochore. This structure faces the poles on mitotic chromosomes but encircles meiotic chromosomes. Worm kinetochores require the evolutionarily conserved HIM-10 protein for their structure and function. HIM-10 localizes to the kinetochores and mediates attachment of chromosomes to the spindle. Depletion of HIM-10 disrupts kinetochore structure, causes a failure of bipolar spindle attachment, and results in chromosome nondisjunction. HIM-10 is related to the Nuf2 kinetochore proteins conserved from yeast to humans. Thus, the extended kinetochores characteristic of C. elegans holocentric chromosomes provide a guide to the structure, molecular architecture, and function of conventional kinetochores

"You kind of want to fix it don't you?" Exploring general practice trainees' experiences of managing patients with medically unexplained symptoms

BackgroundMuch of a General Practitioner&rsquo;s (GP) workload consists of managing patients with medically unexplained symptoms (MUS). GP trainees are often taking responsibility for looking after people with MUS for the first time and so are well placed to reflect on this and the preparation they have had for it; their views have not been documented in detail in the literature. This study aimed to explore GP trainees&rsquo; clinical and educational experiences of managing people presenting with MUS.MethodA mixed methods approach was adopted. All trainees from four London GP vocational training schemes were invited to take part in a questionnaire and in-depth semi-structured interviews. The questionnaire explored educational and clinical experiences and attitudes towards MUS using Likert scales and free text responses. The interviews explored the origins of these views and experiences in more detail and documented ideas about optimising training about MUS. Interviews were analysed using the framework analysis approach.ResultsEighty questionnaires out of 120 (67 %) were returned and a purposive sample of 15 trainees interviewed. Results suggested most trainees struggled to manage the uncertainty inherent in MUS consultations, feeling they often over-investigated or referred for their own reassurance. They described difficulty in broaching possible psychological aspects and/or providing appropriate explanations to patients for their symptoms. They thought that more preparation was needed throughout their training. Some had more positive experiences and found such consultations rewarding, usually after several consultations and developing a relationship with the patient.ConclusionManaging MUS is a common problem for GP trainees and results in a disproportionate amount of anxiety, frustration and uncertainty. Their training needs to better reflect their clinical experience to prepare them for managing such scenarios, which should also improve patient care.<br /

Economic Growth and Community Development

A RJE article on economic development in the rural areas of Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe.)Economic growth in Tribal Trust Areas is the problem facing us and the question is how are we to understand it, grasp its nature? Any one of us may take a walk through a tribal area and see a tumult of rocks and boulders, a mass of shrubs and grasses, or a collection of individuals engaged each on his or her little affairs. We could also give a report on what we saw, maybe even theorize on the evidence of our eyes and suggest improvements. How valid are such observations, yet they form the basis for most of the views and arguments! A geologist, armed with his science, would find “laws and common properties” amidst the chaos of rocks and soils; the botanist would do the same admist the chaos of vegetation. What then are we to do about the human phenomena we see in the tribal areas? How put some meaning, some system, some interpretation into the chaos of human actions? Just as some people haphazardly collect wild flowers, so some have collected “customs”, and could go on collecting customs all their lives, so rich and varied are they. Obviously such collections are extremely interesting, and lend themselves to systematic cataloguing analysis and description, but how useful are they! Had Newton confined himself to noting that apples fell, or the number that fell per hour under varying conditions of temperature or sunlight, we would never have had a theory of gravity

Critique of Justice Hardie Boys' Paper

This article is a critique of Justice Hardie Boys' paper presented in the symposium on Family Property, Law and Policy found in this issue of the Victoria University of Wellington Law Review (Rt Hon Justice Hardie Boys "Judicial attitudes to family property" (1995) 25 VUWLR 31). The author, being a Barrister and Solicitor of the High Court of New Zealand, discusses the paper from the perspective of a customer or client of the Court of Appeal. The article explores three issues. First, the issue of certainty of clients is discussed. Secondly, the issues which permeate into the Court of Appeal are identified. The author notes that there was a trend towards fewer cases ending up in the Court of Appeal. Finally, the position of children in relation to property matters is considered. It is concluded that, although there has been a successful narrowing of the gap, the Matrimonial Property Act was not yet socially acceptable in 1995

Landsat : water quality surveillance of Roodeplaat Dam

Bibliography: pages 104-118.The need for accurate, synoptic, up to date information, concerning the quality of South African impoundments, prompted a study into the relationship between Landsat reflectance data and chlorophyll ~ and turbidity in Roodeplaat Dam. Surface and integrated chlorophyll a as well as surface and integrated turbidity were collected simultaneously with the satellite's overpass, from 32 sampling sites on the impoundment. Six days, between 81.10 .14 and 82 .11.16, were cloud free and the data were analysed in order to establish the relationship between the specific water quality conditions and the satellite reflectance data. Prior to the analysis certain factors required attention. Firstly, it was important to accurately align the sampling sites with their corresponding Landsat pixels. Secondly, the satellite reflectance data were corrected for influences of haze and the angle of the sun. Thirdly, the requirement that the water quality surface reference data be representative of the range of conditions in the impoundment was recognised. Lastly, the interrelationship between chlorophyll a and turbidity and the multicollinearity evident between the four reflectance bands, demanded that a multi-variate statistical technique be implemented, in order to adequately analyse the available data

Dysregulation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway mediates megakaryocytic hyperplasia in myeloproliferative neoplasms

published_or_final_versio

Pheasants in Asia 1979: Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Pheasants in Asia (November 21-23, 1979 : Kathmandu, Nepal)

Message from His Majesty King Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev Inaugural Address by the Rt. Hon. Prime Minister Welcome Address by the Chief Conservator of Forests Reply by Keith Howman, Chairman of the Conference Keynote Papers Forestry, National Parks and Conservation in Nepal, B. N. Upreti Pheasant Conservation: A Minimum Programme? Christopher D.W. Savage Reports on the Status of Pheasants Nepal (1) Introductory Paper, Karna Sarkya Nepal (2) Status of the Pheasants of Nepal, J. O. M. Roberts Status of the Pheasants in Pakistan, Z. B. Mirza Status of the Pheasants, Malaysia and Indonesia, G. W. H. Davison The Himalayas: Summary of Current Knowledge on the Status of Pheasants, A. J. Gaston Eastern India: Preliminary Review B. S. Lambda Thailand: Status of the Pheasants, Boonlerd Angsirijinda A New Sub-species of Tragopan Caboti Tragopan caboti gilangxiensis, Cheng Tso-Hsin Field Study Techniques Field Study Techniques for Censusing Pheasants A. J. Gaston Problems of Censusing Pheasants in Tropical Rain Forest G. W. H. Davison Pheasant Studies in Annapurna Himal: (1) Field Studies, A. D. Lelliott and P. B. Yonzon, and (2) Human Interference in Ecosystems, P. B. Yonzon and A. D. Lelliott Captive Breeding of Pheasants The Captive Breeding of Himalayan Pheasants and some Experience I of Release, J. O. M. Roberts Game Pheasant Farming Techniques, W. L. Chaplin The Production of Eggs of the Cheer Pheasant Catreus wa/lichii for Re-introduction Programmes, J. V. Beer and C. Cox Cheer Pheasant Release Programme in Pakistan, Z. B. Mirza Captive Breeding of Cheer Pheasants in India, K. R. Suresh Singh Causes of Mortality in Captive Pheasants in India, B. S. Rathore and S. S. Khera Rearing Pheasants in Pakistan, A. Lee Breeding Pheasants by Artificial Insemination, N. Maru Blythe\u27s Tragopan Breeding Centre, Kohima, Nagaland, D. K. Zeliang Conservation Management Can the Methods of Wild Partridge Management in Britain also help endangered Pheasants in Asia? G. R. Potts Hunting and Release of Pheasants in Japan, N. Maru The Role of Government and Non-governmental Organisations in Conservation in Asia, Kai Curry-Lindahl Education as an Aid to Pheasant Conservation in Pakistan, Z. B. Mirza Tourism and Conservation in Nepal, A. V. (Jim) Edwards Summary of Discussions Resolutions and Recommendations Appendix A: Code of Conduct for Reserve Collections WPA Code of Conduct Appendix B: Policies for Re-introduction or Return to the Wild List of Participants Index to Speakers Subject Index List of WPA Publican

An analysis of slave abolitionists in the north-west of England

This thesis is an examination of slave abolitionists in Liverpool and Manchester and their shared hinterland of South Lancashire. Cheshire and North Wales from 1787 to 1834. The changing economic and social structures of the region provide a backdrop to consider activities during the campaign against the slave trade up to its abolition in 1807, and the campaign for emancipation, which achieved success in 1834. The thesis uses existing theories of economic decline and economic sacrifice to explain Britain’s abandoning of the slave system as a starting point. However, the thesis explores the complex interplay of commercial, religious and political interests in the region in an attempt to gain a clearer picture of the forces at work, which motivated protagonists’ activities. The thesis contextualises the campaigns against the slave trade and the institution of slavery within the rapidly industrialising landscape of the region. This industrialisation ushered in a new local social and economic elite: the industrial middle class, who would assume political influence to match their economic power, with the reform of Parliament in 1833. This study shows that it was appeals to the interests of the new élite that carried most weight, helping bring about the sea change in British public opinion. An examination of important abolitionalists’ activities in the region illustrates how the anti-slavery movement framed their arguments. These arguments tied together religious and economic concerns within a broader political framework, which reflected the growing importance of laissez faire economic philosophy and the declining influence of traditional power brokers. In this light, it is interesting to consider the arguments forwarded by abolitionists who fell outside of this industrial, Dissenting, disenfranchised group to illustrate how their concerns differed. The study recognises that opposing political paradigms could be used to underpin arguments against slavery