Cost and U.S. public policy for new coal power plants with carbon capture and sequestration

This paper provides a financial analysis for new supercritical pulverized coal plants with carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) that compares the effects of two relevant climate policies. First, an updated cost estimate is presented for new supercritical pulverized coal plants, both with and without CCS. The capital cost escalation of recent years can be attributed to rising materials, plant supply, and plant contractor constraints. This estimate is then compared with recent estimates from public sources. Second, several current and proposed public policies relevant to CCS are presented. Finally, a financial analysis is performed to evaluate the effectiveness of two likely US carbon regulations on deploying Nth-plant CCS technology. The major conclusion is that the leading US carbon cap-and-trade bills will likely not be sufficient to deploy CCS technology in a manner consistent with a 550 ppm CO[subscript 2] stabilization scenario. A more aggressive carbon policy including CCS research, development, and demonstration must be considered to achieve this goal with significant CCS deployment.Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Carbon Sequestration InitiativeMIT Industrial Performance Cente

InGaP/GaAsHBTsにおける表面欠陥の及ぼす信頼性の問題

電気通信大学200

The frequency in Japanese of genetic variants of 22 proteins: V. Summary and comparison with data on Caucasians from the British Isles

The frequencies in Hiroshima and Nagasaki of rare variants (represented in less than 2 % of the individuals surveyed) is summarized for a series of 22 proteins (25 polypeptides). The average number of persons examined for each protein was 3312. There are three pairs of homologous proteins in the series: PGM, and PGM, CA I and CA 11, and HGB A and A,. Only for the first pair is there a significant difference between the two in the total frequency and number of different kinds of variants; it is suggested this may reflect differences in the mutation rates of the corresponding structural genes. For 23 of these polypeptides, comparable data are available for British Caucasians. The average frequency of variants for loci in common in the two series is 2.0/1000 person determinations for Japanese and 1.6/1000 for Caucasoids. At two loci (PGMl and PHI) there were significantly more variants in Japanese than in British; these two loci account for the greater average frequency of variants in Japanese. However, a conservative comparison of number of diflerent variants (electromorphs) encountered, using the 0 statistic of Ewens (1972), yields no significant difference for any of the 22 possible contrasts. The potential usefulness of data of this type in reaching conclusions regarding comparability of mutation rates in two populations is discussed. For the present, the fact that one electromorph may shelter multiple different amino acid substitutions in a protein limits the inferences to be drawn from such contrasts. It is 8 pleasure to acknowledge our indebtedness to Dr Peter Smouse and Dr Warren Ewens for statistical consultations, but responsibility for the tentative interpretations is entirely our own.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/66201/1/j.1469-1809.1978.tb00913.x.pd

The frequency in Japanese of genetic variants of 22 proteins

This paper presents the results of an electrophoretic survey of approximately 4000 individuals from the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan, for four serum proteins: albumin, ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin and transferrin. The haptoglobin gene frequencies obtained for the HP 1 -HP 2 polymorphism are in agreement with earlier reports. Rare electrophoretic variants of albumin, ceruloplasmin and haptoglobin occur with frequencies of 2.48, 0.50 and 0.58 per 1000 determinations, respectively. The noteworthy finding of 8 distinct transferrin variants in these populations, with a combined frequency of 20.90 per 1000 determinations, is also presented. Four of these variants (D Ch1 , B 1 , B 3 and D hir2 which corresponds electrophoretically to D 4 ) have been reported in other populations in Japan, but the other five have not previously been differentiated.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/66399/1/j.1469-1809.1977.tb01859.x.pd

The frequency in Japanese of genetic variants of 22 proteins: IV. Acid phosphatase, NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase, peptidase A, peptidase B and phosphohexose isomerase

This paper presents the results of an electrophoretic survey of approximately 4000 individuals from Hiroshima and Nagasaki for four erythrocyte enzymes: isocitrate dehydrogenase, pepti- dase A, peptidase B, and phosphohexose isomerase. Also reported are the results for erythrocyte acid phosphatase for a subset of these individuals. The frequencies for the ACPf and ACPF alleles of the ACP, locus are in agreement with previously reported results from Japanese populations. Rare variants of ICD, PEPA, PEPB and PHI occur with frequencies varying from 0.25 to 7.2 per 1000 determinations. The relatively high frequency of the PHI 4RIR1 variant and some unusual features involving the effect of reducing agent on the electrophoretic pattern behaviour of some of the rare PHI variants detected during this study are discussed.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/65914/1/j.1469-1809.1978.tb00912.x.pd

Cumulative Burden of Morbidity Among Testicular Cancer Survivors After Standard Cisplatin-Based Chemotherapy: A Multi-Institutional Study

Purpose In this multicenter study, we evaluated the cumulative burden of morbidity (CBM) among > 1,200 testicular cancer survivors and applied factor analysis to determine the co-occurrence of adverse health outcomes (AHOs). Patients and Methods Participants were ≤ 55 years of age at diagnosis, finished first-line chemotherapy ≥ 1 year previously, completed a comprehensive questionnaire, and underwent physical examination. Treatment data were abstracted from medical records. A CBM score encompassed the number and severity of AHOs, with ordinal logistic regression used to assess associations with exposures. Nonlinear factor analysis and the nonparametric dimensionality evaluation to enumerate contributing traits procedure determined which AHOs co-occurred. Results Among 1,214 participants, approximately 20% had a high (15%) or very high/severe (4.1%) CBM score, whereas approximately 80% scored medium (30%) or low/very low (47%). Increased risks of higher scores were associated with four cycles of either ifosfamide, etoposide, and cisplatin (odds ratio [OR], 1.96; 95% CI, 1.04 to 3.71) or bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin (OR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.98), older attained age (OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.10 to 1.26), current disability leave (OR, 3.53; 95% CI, 1.57 to 7.95), less than a college education (OR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.11 to 1.87), and current or former smoking (OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.63). CBM score did not differ after either chemotherapy regimen ( P = .36). Asian race (OR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.23 to 0.72) and vigorous exercise (OR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.52 to 0.89) were protective. Variable clustering analyses identified six significant AHO clusters (χ2 P < .001): hearing loss/damage, tinnitus (OR, 16.3); hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes (OR, 9.8); neuropathy, pain, Raynaud phenomenon (OR, 5.5); cardiovascular and related conditions (OR, 5.0); thyroid disease, erectile dysfunction (OR, 4.2); and depression/anxiety, hypogonadism (OR, 2.8). Conclusion Factors associated with higher CBM may identify testicular cancer survivors in need of closer monitoring. If confirmed, identified AHO clusters could guide the development of survivorship care strategies