Sustained Positive Effects on Graduation Rates Produced by New York City's Small Public High Schools of Choice

Evaluates how effectively small academically nonselective high schools that replaced large failing ones achieved sustained improvement in academic progress and graduation rates across variations in prior proficiency, family income, and demographics

LBWiki: A Location-Based Wiki

Wiki systems provide a simple interface paradigm that allow non-technical users to author collaborative on-line hypertexts. In this paper we propose to use the same simple paradigm to allow users to create content for ubiquitous information systems, and present LBWiki, a prototype location-based Wiki that allows users with a mobile device to create Wiki pages based on GPS co-ordinates. We describe the hierarchical location scheme used within LBWiki and the results of a small evaluation, in which users reacted positively to the concept, but asked for greater control over geographical regions, and highlighted the importance of accurate location technology

Book review: food insecurity on campus: action and intervention edited by Katharine M. Broton and Clare L. Cady

In Food Insecurity on Campus: Action and Intervention, editors Katharine M. Broton and Clare L. Cady present background research and case studies from American college campuses that are in the fight to end hunger among their students, an issue only exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Policymakers, students and administrators are among those who can use these essays as a blueprint ... Continue

Ear specific ANL measurements in individuals with unilateral and asymmetrical sensorineural hearing loss

The present study sought to determine if ANLs differ between ears within subjects with unilateral or asymmetrical SNHL. ANL was measured in four conditions (i.e., binaural, better ear, poorer ear unmasked, and poorer ear masked) in fifteen adults, nine with unilateral SNHL and six with bilateral asymmetrical SNHL. A significant difference between ANL in the four conditions (i.e., binaural, better ear, poorer ear unmasked, and poorer ear masked) was identified; however, the subjects with unilateral and asymmetrical SNHL behaved similarly throughout the testing. When comparing the four conditions, the results showed a significant difference between both the binaural ANL and better ear ANL conditions and the poorer ear unmasked ANL condition. There was no significant difference between the binaural and better ear ANL conditions or the poorer ear unmasked and the poorer ear masked conditions. Furthermore, both the binaural ANL and better ear ANL conditions versus the poorer ear masked ANL condition approached significance. Collectively these results showed that when the better of the two ears was being used, subjects had lower ANLs compared to when the poorer ear was being used. This suggested that the peripheral auditory system could be at least in part contributing to the mediated point of ANL. Alternately, ANL may be due to auditory deprivation, thus a central auditory phenomenon is the result of ANL mediation. Clinical implications/applications will be discussed

Utah pharmacists’ qualitative feedback regarding licensure standards.

This project sought to understand current attitudes and perceptions of licensed pharmacists in the state of Utah to the existing occupational licensing standards which govern our profession. Qualitative feedback was gathered from Utah licensed pharmacists for a period of one month

Civil War Unionists and Their Legacy in the Arkansas Ozarks

More than a thousand men from northwest Arkansas served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. The conflict devastated a region that had previously enjoyed impressive economic growth. The years of suffering during the war eventually left the region largely depopulated. As people returned to the region after the war was over, unionists and their families fought not only to rebuild, but to secure the benefits they felt their loyalty to the federal government deserved. As unionists became Republicans in the decades after the war, Arkansas became a securely Democratic state. But Arkansas’s native Republicans leveraged their wartime loyalty into a unique relationship with the federal government that secured for them restitution for wartime losses, pensions for wartime service, and political appointments through the patronage system

Increased Salinity and Water Depth as Constraints on Growth of Freshwater Marsh Plants.

Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the response of freshwater-oligohaline marsh macrophytes to increased water depth and salinity. In the first experiment, marsh sods containing Sagittaria lancifolia were manipulated in the field to decrease elevation (i.e., increase water depth) by 7.5 and 15 cm. Marsh sods at 15 cm below the marsh surface had the lowest redox potential and highest interstitial water sulfide concentration. Plants in the 15-cm water depth treatment had higher mean and maximum leaf heights than disturbed control plants, but aboveground biomass was not affected. In the second study, the effects of salinity pulses on plant growth and ability to recover following stress alleviation were examined in a greenhouse experiment that included monocultures of four species: Eleocharis palustris, Panicum hemitomon, Sagittaria lancifolia, and Scirpus americanus. Effects of final salinity reached, salinity influx rate, and duration of exposure were investigated. All species responded to final salinity level to a greater degree than salinity influx rate. The magnitude of growth suppression increased for all species with exposure duration. The species were ranked as follows in order from least to most salt tolerant: Panicum hemitomon $\u3c$ Sagittaria lancifolia $\u3c$ Eleocharis palustris $\u3c$ Scirpus americanus. Within a species, ability to recover under freshwater conditions varied with final salinity level and duration of exposure, and to a lesser extent with salinity influx rate. Scirpus americanus was the only species able to recover under all experimental conditions. In the final greenhouse experiment, two common oligohaline marsh communities were subjected to salinity pulses; influx rate, duration of exposure, and water depth were manipulated. The two communities included one species in common, Sagittaria lancifolia; the sub-dominants were Eleocharis palustris and Scirpus americanus in community 1 and community 2, respectively. Species richness in both communities was reduced in the most extreme treatment. Community 1 total biomass and stem density were reduced, as were biomass and stem density for both dominant species. Community 2 had reduced biomass and stem density overall and for Sagittaria lancifolia; Scirpus americanus was not affected. Considered together, the three experiments indicate that different responses of existing plant species to environmental stressors can ultimately influence community structure and composition