Microbial degradation of dyes: an overview

"Available online 28 June 2020."Industrialization increases use of dyes due to its high demand in paper, cosmetic, textile, leather and food industries. This in turn would increase wastewater generation from dye industrial activities. Various dyes and its structural compounds present in dye industrial wastewater have harmful effects on plants, animals and humans. Synthetic dyes are more resistant than natural dyes to physical and chemical methods for remediation which makes them more difficult to get decolorize. Microbial degradation has been researched and reviewed largely for quicker dye degradation. Genetically engineered microorganisms (GEMs) play important role in achieving complete dye degradation. This paper provides scientific and technical information about dyes & dye intermediates and biodegradation of azo dye. It also compiles information about factors affecting dye(s) biodegradation, role of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in process of dye(s) degradation and perspectives in this field of research.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Creating sustainable snack food business success through brand experience and brand loyalty

A well-developed brand experience creates a sustainable market and business opportunities to a business. Brand loyalty is a key success factor of any organization creating the needed competitive edge to the firms in the market. This has attracted continual research efforts among researchers. Literature reviews revealed that findings of the relationship of brand experience with brand loyalty are inconsistent. Hence, this research is focused on investigating the relationship between brand experience (sensory, affective, intellectual and behavioral experience) and brand loyalty. Brand loyalty in this study has been measured by behavioral and attitudinal loyalty for snack food product business. The target respondents in this quantitative research were Malaysians who are aged between 19 to 36 years old. There is a strong positive relationship between brand experience and brand loyalty at p < 0.001 level. The standardized beta of the regression analyses show that there are three brand experiences, the sensory experience, affective experience and behavioral experience that are significantly related to attitudinal loyalty whereas only sensory experience and behavioral experience is significantly related to behavioral loyalty. These findings imply that by focusing on sensory experience, affective experience and behavioral experience aspects of their products, a manufacturer will be able to enhance the attitudinal loyalty of snack food produc

Viral load and sequence analysis reveal the symptom severity, diversity, and transmission clusters of Rhinovirus infections

Background:Rhinovirus (RV) is one of the main viral etiologic agents of acute respiratory illnesses. Despite the heightened disease burden caused by RV, the viral factors that increase the severity of RV infection, the transmission pattern, and seasonality of RV infections remain unclear. Methods: An observational study was conducted among 3935 patients presenting with acute upper respiratory illnesses in the ambulatory settings between 2012 and 2014. Results: The VP4/VP2 gene was genotyped from all 976 RV-positive specimens, where the predominance of RV-A (49%) was observed, followed by RV-C (38%) and RV-B (13%). A significant regression in median nasopharyngeal viral load (VL) (P < .001) was observed, from 883 viral copies/µL at 1-2 days after symptom onset to 312 viral copies/µL at 3-4 days and 158 viral copies/µL at 5-7 days, before declining to 35 viral copies/µL at ≥8 days. In comparison with RV-A (median VL, 217 copies/µL) and RV-B (median VL, 275 copies/µL), RV-C-infected subjects produced higher VL (505 copies/µL; P < .001). Importantly, higher RV VL (median, 348 copies/µL) was associated with more severe respiratory symptoms (Total Symptom Severity Score ≥17, P = .017). A total of 83 phylogenetic-based transmission clusters were identified in the population. It was observed that the relative humidity was the strongest environmental predictor of RV seasonality in the tropical climate. Conclusions: Our findings underline the role of VL in increasing disease severity attributed to RV-C infection, and unravel the factors that fuel the population transmission dynamics of R

Bio-based rhamnolipids production and recovery from waste streams: Status and Perspectives

Bio-based rhamnolipid production from waste streams is gaining momentum nowadays because of increasing market demand, huge range of applications and its economic and environment friendly nature. Rhamnolipid type biosurfactants are produced by microorganisms as secondary metabolites and have been used to reduce surface/interfacial tension between two different phases. Biosurfactants have been reported to be used as an alternative to chemical surfactants.Pseudomonas sp.has been frequently used for production of rhamnolipid. Various wastes can be used in production of rhamnolipid. Rhamnolipids are widely used in various industrial applications. The present review provides information about structure and nature of rhamnolipid, production using different waste materials and scale-up of rhamnolipid production. It also provides comprehensive literature on various industrial applications along with perspectives and challenges in this research area.Authors are grateful to the management of Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India for providing necessary facilities to perform literature review presented in this paper.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P &lt; 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

EFFECTS OF TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS ON BIOLOGICAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT USING A SEQUENCING BATCH REACTOR

Master'sMASTER OF ENGINEERIN

VOID DECKS : A STUDY OF CHANGES AND DEVELOPMENTS IN VOID DECKS

Master'sMASTER OF ARCHITECTURE (M.ARCH

POLYMERIC MEMBRANES INCORPORATING NANOTUBES

US20100206811A1Published Applicatio

Study of Organic Fouling in long RO membrane cell

ABSTRACT Water treatment through Reverse Osmosis has evolved to be an efficient advancement of the membrane technology in the recent years. However the fouling of the membranes influences the performance and leads to a decline in permeate flux and rejection of salts through the membranes with time. Even today membrane fouling remains to be a critical problem in the Reverse Osmosis Processes. Researchers are exerting their continued efforts over the years in fouling mitigation. Also research studies about the performance of reverse osmosis membranes in plate and frame membrane cell set-up is not widely undertaken when compared to the spiral configuration of membrane units which are researched extensively and implemented for industrial use. This paper is an initial study of the performance of a One-meter long plate and frame Reverse Osmosis Membrane Channel using different concentrations of Sodium Chloride under different operating pressures. It forms a basis for the future comparisons of the performance of this set-up with organic foulants both synthetic and natural