Ocean color imagery: Coastal zone color scanner

Investigations into the feasibility of sensing ocean color from high altitude for determination of chlorophyll and sediment distributions were carried out using sensors on NASA aircraft, coordinated with surface measurements carried out by oceanographic vessels. Spectrometer measurements in 1971 and 1972 led to development of an imaging sensor now flying on a NASA U-2 and the Coastal Zone Color Scanner to fly on Nimbus G in 1978. Results of the U-2 effort show the imaging sensor to be of great value in sensing pollutants in the ocean

Infrared Reflectivity of Some Common Minerals

Infrared reflectivity of carbonate, sulfate, nitrate and silicate familie

Measurements of ocean color

An airborne instrument for determining ocean color and measurements made with the instrument are discussed. It was concluded that a clear relationship exists between the chlorophyll concentration and the color of the water. High altitude measurements from 50,000 feet are described and the effects of atmospheric scattering on the energy reaching the sensor are examined. The measured spectrum of ocean color at high and low altitudes is plotted

An Investigation into the Development Process of Medical X-Ray Films

Correlation between the results of medical x-ray processing labs and the USA Standard for processing medical x-ray film is lacking at present. In order to correct this, a developer formulation will have to be devised to obtain in the experimental laboratory the same results that are obtained by the automatic x-ray processing machines that are presently being used. In an attempt to accomplish this, a factorial experiment was designed in which two levels of the following five factors were varied: metol, hydroquinone, potassium bromide, development time, and film (both rapid process types). The results from this factorial (tray processing) would be compared with the results obtained from samples of the same kind of film and exposure processed by nine different field labs. From an analysis of the data, either a new developer would be evident that would give the same results with either process or new levels of the afore mentioned factors would be indicated in a follow-up factorial experiment. In the experiment performed, the latter case was the result. Increased levels of hydroquinone, metol and development time were indicated with potassium bromide held constant at the low level

Recommendations and requirements for the wavelengths in Rayleigh equation anomaloscopes

DIN 6160:2019 is a technical standard that sets requirements for Rayleigh equation anomaloscopes. Table 1 of the standard contains the limits for centroid wavelengths and spectral half power bandwidths (SHBW). The centroid limits are more restrictive than dominant wavelength recommendations. The SHBW limits have no known evidence base and are inconsistent between colors. The spectral characteristics of three commercial anomaloscopes brands were measured using a telespectroradiometer. Only the oculus instruments complied with DIN 6160 Table 1, but all the anomaloscopes complied with published recommendations. All complied with the DIN 6160 bandwidth requirements. This highlights the need to provide an evidence base for such requirements

Nimbus 7 Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS). Level 2 data product users' guide

The coastal zone color scanner (CZCS) is a scanning multispectral radiometer designed for the remote sensing of ocean color parameters from an earth orbiting space platform. A Technical Manual was designed for users of NIMBUS 7 CZCS Level 2 data products. It contains information which describes how the Level 1 data was process to obtain the Level 2 (derived) product. It contains information needed to operate on the data using digital computers and related equipment

Nimbus 7 Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS). Level 1 data product users' guide

The coastal zone color scanner (CZCS) is a scanning multispectral radiometer designed specifically for the remote sensing of Ocean Color parameters from an Earth orbiting space platform. A technical manual which is intended for users of NIMBUS 7 CZCS Level 1 data products is presented. It contains information needed by investigators and data processing personnel to operate on the data using digital computers and related equipment