Food for microbes. The interplay between indigestible carbohydrates, gut microbiota, and cardiometabolic disease

Cardiometabolic disease such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and atherosclerosis, are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the Western world. Two important risk factors for the development of cardiometabolic disease are hyperlipidemia and inflammation. Recently, evidence strongly indicates a role for the gut microbiota in the development of cardiometabolic disease. Therapeutic approaches are therefore aimed at modifying the gut microbiota composition and function to beneficially affect the development of cardiometabolic disease and its underlying risk factors. A potential candidate to modify gut microbiota composition are indigestible carbohydrates, or prebiotics. In this thesis, we aimed to understand the interplay between various indigestible carbohydrates, gut microbiota composition and function, and the development of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and atherosclerosis. Together, the studies described in this thesis  increased our knowledge on the potential of various indigestible carbohydrates in the modulation of the gut microbiota to affect the development of cardiometabolic disease, suggesting a promising strategy to further pursue with some caution.Cardiovascular Onderzoek Nederland (CVON)LUMC / Geneeskunde Repositoriu

Dietary yeast-derived mannan oligosaccharides have immune-modulatory properties but do not improve high fat diet-induced obesity and glucose intolerance

Host-parasite interactio

The Prebiotic Inulin Aggravates Accelerated Atherosclerosis in Hypercholesterolemic APOE*3-Leiden Mice

Vascular Surger

Dietary Mannan Oligosaccharides Modulate Gut Microbiota, Increase Fecal Bile Acid Excretion, and Decrease Plasma Cholesterol and Atherosclerosis Development

Functional Genomics of Systemic Disorder

The prebiotic inulin modulates gut microbiota but does not ameliorate atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic APOE*3-Leiden. CETP mice

Functional Genomics of Systemic Disorder

Soluble mannose receptor induces proinflammatory macrophage activation and metaflammation

Proinflammatory activation of macrophages in metabolic tissues is critically important in the induction of obesity-induced metaflammation. Here, we demonstrate that the soluble mannose receptor (sMR) plays a direct functional role in both macrophage activation and metaflammation. We show that sMR binds CD45 on macrophages and inhibits its phosphatase activity, leading to an Src/Akt/ NF-kappa B-mediated cellular reprogramming toward an inflammatory phenotype both in vitro and in vivo. Remarkably, increased serum sMR levels were observed in obese mice and humans and directly correlated with body weight. Importantly, enhanced sMR levels increase serum proinflammatory cytokines, activate tissue macrophages, and promote insulin resistance. Altogether, our results reveal sMR as regulator of proinflammatory macrophage activation, which could constitute a therapeutic target for metaflammation and other hyperinflammatory diseases.Diabetes mellitus: pathophysiological changes and therap

BMT decreases HFD-induced weight gain associated with decreased preadipocyte number and insulin secretion

Contains fulltext : 174709.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)Experimental bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in mice is commonly used to assess the role of immune cell-specific genes in various pathophysiological settings. The application of BMT in obesity research is hampered by the significant reduction in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. We set out to characterize metabolic tissues that may be affected by the BMT procedure and impair the HFD-induced response. Male C57BL/6 mice underwent syngeneic BMT using lethal irradiation. After a recovery period of 8 weeks they were fed a low-fat diet (LFD) or HFD for 16 weeks. HFD-induced obesity was reduced in mice after BMT as compared to HFD-fed control mice, characterized by both a reduced fat (-33%; p<0.01) and lean (-11%; p<0.01) mass, while food intake and energy expenditure were unaffected. As compared to control mice, BMT-treated mice had a reduced mature adipocyte volume (approx. -45%; p<0.05) and reduced numbers of preadipocytes (-38%; p<0.05) and macrophages (-62%; p<0.05) in subcutaneous, gonadal and visceral white adipose tissue. In BMT-treated mice, pancreas weight (-46%; p<0.01) was disproportionally decreased. This was associated with reduced plasma insulin (-68%; p<0.05) and C-peptide (-37%; p<0.01) levels and a delayed glucose clearance in BMT-treated mice on HFD as compared to control mice. In conclusion, the reduction in HFD-induced obesity after BMT in mice is at least partly due to alterations in the adipose tissue cell pool composition as well as to a decreased pancreatic secretion of the anabolic hormone insulin. These effects should be considered when interpreting results of experimental BMT in metabolic studies