118 research outputs found
Phantom maps and chromatic phantom maps
In the first part, we determine conditions on spectra X and Y under which
either every map from X to Y is phantom, or no nonzero maps are. We also
address the question of whether such all or nothing behaviour is preserved when
X is replaced with V smash X for V finite. In the second part, we introduce
chromatic phantom maps. A map is n-phantom if it is null when restricted to
finite spectra of type at least n. We define divisibility and finite type
conditions which are suitable for studying n-phantom maps. We show that the
duality functor W_{n-1} defined by Mahowald and Rezk is the analog of
Brown-Comenetz duality for chromatic phantom maps, and give conditions under
which the natural map Y --> W_{n-1}^2 Y is an isomorphism.Comment: 18 page
Quillen model structures for relative homological algebra
An important example of a model category is the category of unbounded chain
complexes of R-modules, which has as its homotopy category the derived category
of the ring R. This example shows that traditional homological algebra is
encompassed by Quillen's homotopical algebra. The goal of this paper is to show
that more general forms of homological algebra also fit into Quillen's
framework. Specifically, a projective class on a complete and cocomplete
abelian category A is exactly the information needed to do homological algebra
in A. The main result is that, under weak hypotheses, the category of chain
complexes of objects of A has a model category structure that reflects the
homological algebra of the projective class in the sense that it encodes the
Ext groups and more general derived functors. Examples include the "pure
derived category" of a ring R, and derived categories capturing relative
situations, including the projective class for Hochschild homology and
cohomology. We characterize the model structures that are cofibrantly
generated, and show that this fails for many interesting examples. Finally, we
explain how the category of simplicial objects in a possibly non-abelian
category can be equipped with a model category structure reflecting a given
projective class, and give examples that include equivariant homotopy theory
and bounded below derived categories.Comment: 29 pages. v4: Published in Math. Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc. v5:
Minor corrections to published version appear on last pag
Postnikov extensions of ring spectra
We give a functorial construction of k-invariants for ring spectra and use
these to classify extensions in the Postnikov tower of a ring spectrum.Comment: This is the version published by Algebraic & Geometric Topology on 1
November 200
Obstruction Theory in Model Categories
Many examples of obstruction theory can be formulated as the study of when a
lift exists in a commutative square. Typically, one of the maps is a
cofibration of some sort and the opposite map is a fibration, and there is a
functorial obstruction class that determines whether a lift exists. Working in
an arbitrary pointed proper model category, we classify the cofibrations that
have such an obstruction theory with respect to all fibrations. Up to weak
equivalence, retract, and cobase change, they are the cofibrations with weakly
contractible target. Equivalently, they are the retracts of principal
cofibrations. Without properness, the same classification holds for
cofibrations with cofibrant source. Our results dualize to give a
classification of fibrations that have an obstruction theory.Comment: 17 pages. v3 includes improved introduction and several other minor
improvement
A curious example of two model categories and some associated differential graded algebras
The paper gives a new proof that the model categories of stable modules for
the rings Z/(p^2) and (Z/p)[\epsilon]/(\epsilon^2) are not Quillen equivalent.
The proof uses homotopy endomorphism ring spectra. Our considerations lead to
an example of two differential graded algebras which are derived equivalent but
whose associated model categories of modules are not Quillen equivalent. As a
bonus, we also obtain derived equivalent dgas with non-isomorphic K-theories
Indicators of Woman Abuse Based on a Chart Review at a Family Practice Center
Objective: To identify demographic and health indicators
of domestic violence.
Design: Anonymous questionnaire survey of patients regarding
violence and a chart review regarding symptoms
and diagnoses.
Setting: Community-based family practice residency training
center in a midwestern city.
Participants: Women 18 years of age or older visiting
the center over a 2-month period in 1990. Of 476
eligible participants, 394 (82.7%) consented to complete
the survey.
Measures: A detailed, standardized measure of violence
was used. Physical and psychological problems
were given codes from the International Classification of
Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9).
Results: Younger women and those separated or divorced
from their partners were more likely to have been victims.
Never-married women also had substantially high rates of
victimization. Depression was the strongest indicator of victimization,
even when controlling for demographic factors.
Back pain, ulcers, headaches, and anxiety were not strong
indicators of abuse. A classification analysis showed that
a combination of all variables could predict lifetime injury
only about half the time and violence in the past year only
about 20% of the time.
Conclusions: Since neither demographic nor health factors
could accurately predict who had been victimized, all
women need to be asked about abuse. Physicians should
also keep in mind that divorced and unmarried women are
often affected by abuse, either immediately or by its long
term aftereffects.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/89971/1/Saunders-Hamberger-Hovey-1993-Indicators of woman abuse based on a chart review at a family practice center AFM-AMA.pd
Duality and Pro-Spectra
Cofiltered diagrams of spectra, also called pro-spectra, have arisen in
diverse areas, and to date have been treated in an ad hoc manner. The purpose
of this paper is to systematically develop a homotopy theory of pro-spectra and
to study its relation to the usual homotopy theory of spectra, as a foundation
for future applications. The surprising result we find is that our homotopy
theory of pro-spectra is Quillen equivalent to the opposite of the homotopy
theory of spectra. This provides a convenient duality theory for all spectra,
extending the classical notion of Spanier-Whitehead duality which works well
only for finite spectra. Roughly speaking, the new duality functor takes a
spectrum to the cofiltered diagram of the Spanier-Whitehead duals of its finite
subcomplexes. In the other direction, the duality functor takes a cofiltered
diagram of spectra to the filtered colimit of the Spanier-Whitehead duals of
the spectra in the diagram. We prove the equivalence of homotopy theories by
showing that both are equivalent to the category of ind-spectra (filtered
diagrams of spectra).
To construct our new homotopy theories, we prove a general existence theorem
for colocalization model structures generalizing known results for cofibrantly
generated model categories.Comment: Published by Algebraic and Geometric Topology at
http://www.maths.warwick.ac.uk/agt/AGTVol4/agt-4-34.abs.htm
Association study between autistic-like traits and polymorphisms in the autism candidate regions RELN, CNTNAP2, SHANK3, and CDH9/10
The Swedish Research CouncilThe Swedish Council for Working Life and Social ResearchThe Petrus and Augusta Hedlund FoundationÅke Wiberg foundationÅhlens FoundationWilhelm and Martina Lundgren FoundationThe Sahlgrenska AcademyPublishe
Lactation and neonatal nutrition: defining and refining the critical questions.
This paper resulted from a conference entitled "Lactation and Milk: Defining and refining the critical questions" held at the University of Colorado School of Medicine from January 18-20, 2012. The mission of the conference was to identify unresolved questions and set future goals for research into human milk composition, mammary development and lactation. We first outline the unanswered questions regarding the composition of human milk (Section I) and the mechanisms by which milk components affect neonatal development, growth and health and recommend models for future research. Emerging questions about how milk components affect cognitive development and behavioral phenotype of the offspring are presented in Section II. In Section III we outline the important unanswered questions about regulation of mammary gland development, the heritability of defects, the effects of maternal nutrition, disease, metabolic status, and therapeutic drugs upon the subsequent lactation. Questions surrounding breastfeeding practice are also highlighted. In Section IV we describe the specific nutritional challenges faced by three different populations, namely preterm infants, infants born to obese mothers who may or may not have gestational diabetes, and infants born to undernourished mothers. The recognition that multidisciplinary training is critical to advancing the field led us to formulate specific training recommendations in Section V. Our recommendations for research emphasis are summarized in Section VI. In sum, we present a roadmap for multidisciplinary research into all aspects of human lactation, milk and its role in infant nutrition for the next decade and beyond
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