Incorporating measurement error in n=1 psychological autoregressive modeling

Measurement error is omnipresent in psychological data. However, the vast majority of applications of autoregressive time series analyses in psychology do not take measurement error into account. Disregarding measurement error when it is present in the data results in a bias of the autoregressive parameters. We discuss two models that take measurement error into account: An autoregressive model with a white noise term (AR+WN), and an autoregressive moving average (ARMA) model. In a simulation study we compare the parameter recovery performance of these models, and compare this performance for both a Bayesian and frequentist approach. We find that overall, the AR+WN model performs better. Furthermore, we find that for realistic (i.e., small) sample sizes, psychological research would benefit from a Bayesian approach in fitting these models. Finally, we illustrate the effect of disregarding measurement error in an AR(1) model by means of an empirical application on mood data in women. We find that, depending on the person, approximately 30-50% of the total variance was due to measurement error, and that disregarding this measurement error results in a substantial underestimation of the autoregressive parameters.</p

Dynamic modeling of experience sampling methodology data reveals large heterogeneity in biopsychosocial factors associated with persistent fatigue in young people living with a chronic condition

Objective: To evaluate associations between self-reported biopsychosocial factors and persistent fatigue with dynamic single-case networks. Methods: 31 persistently fatigued adolescents and young adults with various chronic conditions (aged 12 to 29 years) completed 28 days of Experience Sampling Methodology (ESM) with five prompts per day. ESM surveys consisted of eight generic and up to seven personalized biopsychosocial factors. Residual Dynamic Structural Equation Modeling (RDSEM) was used to analyze the data and derive dynamic single-case networks, controlling for circadian cycle effects, weekend effects, and low-frequency trends. Networks included contemporaneous and cross-lagged associations between biopsychosocial factors and fatigue. Network associations were selected for evaluation if both significant (α < 0.025) and relevant (β ≥ 0.20). Results: Participants chose 42 different biopsychosocial factors as personalized ESM items. In total, 154 fatigue associations with biopsychosocial factors were found. Most associations were contemporaneous (67.5%). Between chronic condition groups, no significant differences were observed in the associations. There were large inter-individual differences in which biopsychosocial factors were associated with fatigue. Contemporaneous and cross-lagged associations with fatigue varied widely in direction and strength. Conclusions: The heterogeneity found in biopsychosocial factors associated with fatigue underlines that persistent fatigue stems from a complex interplay between biopsychosocial factors. The present findings support the need for personalized treatment of persistent fatigue. Discussing the dynamic networks with the participant can be a promising step towards tailored treatment. Trial registration: No. NL8789 (http://www.trialregister.nl

Permutation Distancing Test

We developed and validated the Permutation Distancing Test to analyze longitudinal dependent single-case observational AB-phase design data without linear trends. In this project, you will find the Monte Carlo simulation data used to validate the test

Een goede leesdidactiek voor het basisonderwijs: het LIST- en DENK!-project als exemplaar

status: publishe

Prodromal functioning of migraine patients relative to their interictal state--an ecological momentary assessment study.

Smartphones were used in an online Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) design to test prodromal functioning relative to the interictal state in migraine patients. Eighty-seven participants completed an electronic diary 4 times daily during 3-6 weeks to monitor their migraine attacks. Twice daily the diary additionally included 16 multi-answer questions covering physical symptoms (30 items), cognitive-affective functioning (25 items) and external factors (25 items). Eight clustered prodromal features were identified in the current study: sensory sensitivity, pain/stiffness, fatigue, cognitive functioning, positive affect, negative affect, effort spent and stressors encountered. Per feature, individual change scores with interictal control days--excluding 24-hour post-attack recovery--were computed for six 12-hour pre-attack time windows covering three prodromal days. Linear mixed model (fixed-effect) analysis established significant increases in sensory sensitivity, pain/stiffness and fatigue, and a tendency for increased negative affect, in the 12 hours prior to the attack. Positive affect and cognitive functioning were impaired both in the 25-36 hour and--more strongly--in the 12-hour time window before the attack. No effects were found for effort spent and stressors encountered. Exploratory (random effect) analysis revealed significant individual differences in the change scores in sensory sensitivity, pain/stiffness, fatigue and negative affect. It is concluded that the prodromal change in migraine--relative to interictal functioning--predominantly exists within the last 12 hours before attack onset. Individual diversity is large, however. Future research should zoom in to identify prodrome development within the 12 pre-attack hours as well as to isolate individual patterns

Estimated marginal means for the (aggregated) delta scores.

<p>Note: Day of the week, day-square, time, time square, and control day baseline values were included as covariates in the model.</p

Wat is goed onderwijs in begrijpend lezen? Een gedachtewisseling tussen Nederlandse en Vlaamse onderzoekers

Recent zijn in Nederland en Vlaanderen reviews verschenen over effectief onderwijs in begrijpend lezen. Naast overeenkomsten lijken er ook verschillen te zijn in de bevindingen van beide reviews en met name in de aanbevelingen voor de onderwijspraktijk. Voor de onderwijspraktijk is het erg belangrijk dat de uitkomsten van beide reviews overeenkomen en daardoor de vernieuwing van het onderwijs eenduidig kunnen sturen. In deze tekst geven we de gedachtewisseling weer tussen de betreffende onderzoekers die is ontstaan om overeenkomsten en verschillen te verhelderen;status: publishe

Abstract

Validation of the thoracic impedance derived respirator

Flow chart for the selection of subjects and diary entries.

<p>Flow chart for the selection of subjects and diary entries.</p