Gender, HIV/AIDS and Rural Livelihoods: Micro-Level Investigations in Three African Countries

gender, HIV/AIDS impacts, livelihoods, Sub-Saharan Africa

NADPH oxidase-mediated redox signaling promotes oxidative stress resistance and longevity through memo-1 in C. Elegans

Transient increases in mitochondrially-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) activate an adaptive stress response to promote longevity. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases produce ROS locally in response to various stimuli, and thereby regulate many cellular processes, but their role in aging remains unexplored. Here, we identified the C. elegans orthologue of mammalian mediator of ErbB2-driven cell motility, MEMO-1, as a protein that inhibits BLI-3/NADPH oxidase. MEMO-1 is complexed with RHO-1/RhoA/GTPase and loss of memo-1 results in an enhanced interaction of RHO-1 with BLI-3/NADPH oxidase, thereby stimulating ROS production that signal via p38 MAP kinase to the transcription factor SKN-1/NRF1,2,3 to promote stress resistance and longevity. Either loss of memo-1 or increasing BLI-3/NADPH oxidase activity by overexpression is sufficient to increase lifespan. Together, these findings demonstrate that NADPH oxidase-induced redox signaling initiates a transcriptional response that protects the cell and organism, and can promote both stress resistance and longevity.ISSN:2050-084

Les Français sont dans la baie

POUR FRAPPER L’ANGLETERRE et se porter au secours de Wolfe Tone et des Irlandais Unis, la France de la Révolution envoie en Irlande une armée d’invasion commandée par le général Hoche. Mais la tempête et le brouillard empêchent le débarquement et l’expédition de décembre 1796 se solde par un échec. Des chercheurs venus de disciplines très différentes étudient tous les aspects de cette tentative avortée : la stratégie française ; les forces militaires et navales en Grande-Bretagne et en Irlande ; le contexte social ; les données géographiques et le contexte historique ; les attentes exprimées en Irlande, en particulier dans les ballades populaires ; et, bien sûr, le rôle déterminant joué par les conditions météorologiques

Lipid-mediated regulation of SKN-1/Nrf in response to germ cell absence

In Caenorhabditis elegans, ablation of germline stem cells (GSCs) extends lifespan, but also increases fat accumulation and alters lipid metabolism, raising the intriguing question of how these effects might be related. Here, we show that a lack of GSCs results in a broad transcriptional reprogramming in which the conserved detoxification regulator SKN-1/Nrf increases stress resistance, proteasome activity, and longevity. SKN-1 also activates diverse lipid metabolism genes and reduces fat storage, thereby alleviating the increased fat accumulation caused by GSC absence. Surprisingly, SKN-1 is activated by signals from this fat, which appears to derive from unconsumed yolk that was produced for reproduction. We conclude that SKN-1 plays a direct role in maintaining lipid homeostasis in which it is activated by lipids. This SKN-1 function may explain the importance of mammalian Nrf proteins in fatty liver disease and suggest that particular endogenous or dietary lipids might promote health through SKN-1/Nrf. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.07836.00