226 research outputs found

    Incidence de l'epilepsie aprĂšs un accident vasculaire cerebral Ă  Parakou en 2014

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    Introduction: les accidents vasculaires cĂ©rĂ©braux (AVC) constituent une des principales causes acquises de l'Ă©pilepsie de l'adulte mais peu de donnĂ©es sont disponibles sur l'incidence de l'Ă©pilepsie aprĂšs un AVC en Afrique. L'objectif de cette Ă©tude Ă©tait d'estimer l'incidence de l'Ă©pilepsie chez les patients victimes d'AVC Ă  Parakou. MĂ©thodes: il s'est agi d'une Ă©tude de type cohorte dynamique ayant inclus 203 patients victimes d'AVC et hospitalisĂ©s dans le service de neurologie du CHU de Parakou. Les patients aux antĂ©cĂ©dents d'Ă©pilepsie Ă©taient exclus du suivi. Les patients Ă©taient suivis sur une pĂ©riode de 21mois allant du 1er Janvier 2013 au 30 Septembre 2014. L'Ă©pilepsie Ă©tait dĂ©finie selon les critĂšres de la Ligue Internationale contre l'Epilepsie. RĂ©sultats: ils Ă©taient ĂągĂ©s de 18 Ă  99 ans avec une moyenne de 58,4 ans ± 14,2 ans. Le dĂ©lai moyen de consultation aprĂšs l'installation des symptĂŽmes Ă©tait de 54,3h (+/-112,9h). Les AVC ischĂ©miques reprĂ©sentaient 45,8%, les hĂ©morragiques 31% et 23,2% d'indĂ©terminĂ©s. L'incidence cumulĂ©e de l'Ă©pilepsie Ă©tait de 17. La densitĂ© d'incidence de l'Ă©pilepsie Ă©tait de 9,8 pour 100 personnes-annĂ©es. Les facteurs associĂ©s Ă  la survenue de l'Ă©pilepsie Ă©taient le niveau d'instruction, la durĂ©e d'hospitalisation et le score de BARTHEL. Conclusion: l'incidence de l'Ă©pilepsie reste trĂšs Ă©levĂ©e et la prise en compte des facteurs associĂ©s dans les stratĂ©gies de prise en charge pourrait permettre de rĂ©duire sa charge globale

    Enquete sur la prevalence de la migraine chez l’adulte a titirou au Nord du Benin en 2017

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    Introduction: La migraine est une maladie neurologique frĂ©quente en population, source de handicap et classĂ©e 13Ăšme des affections les plus handicapantes par l’OMS. L’objectif de cette Ă©tude Ă©tait d’étudier la prĂ©valence de la migraine Ă  Titirou en 2017. MĂ©thodes: Il s’est agi d’une Ă©tude transversale de type porte-Ă -porte menĂ©e sur 2065 sujets ĂągĂ©s de 18 Ă  65 ans. L’enquĂȘte a Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©e sur une pĂ©riode de 4 mois allant du 10 avril au 05 aoĂ»t 2017. Les critĂšres diagnostiques de l’International Headache Society (IHS) de 2013 ont servi de base pour le diagnostic de la migraine. Les informations sociodĂ©mographiques, le poids et taille et les donnĂ©es relatives Ă  la frĂ©quence et l’intensitĂ© des cĂ©phalĂ©es furent collectĂ©s. Les donnĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© saisies, traitĂ©es et analysĂ©es grĂące au logiciel Epi Info version 2.2.0.165. RĂ©sultats: Il y avait une prĂ©dominance masculine avec un sex-ratio de 1,41. Les sujets Ă©taient ĂągĂ©s de 18 Ă  65 ans avec une moyenne d’ñge de 31,87±8,37ans. La prĂ©valence des cĂ©phalĂ©es Ă©tait de 63,49%. La  prĂ©valence de la migraine Ă  Titirou Ă©tait de 3,82% [IC95% : (3,06%-4,72%)] (79 sur les 2065). Les facteurs associĂ©s Ă  la migraine Ă©taient l’ñge (p=0,0026), le sexe (p=0,0001), le niveau d’instruction (p=0,0039), la profession (p<10-4 ) et l’indice de masse corporelle (p<10-4 ). L’intensitĂ© des cĂ©phalĂ©es Ă©tait modĂ©rĂ©e dans 44,30%, forte dans 51,90%,  extrĂȘmement forte chez 3,80% des sujets. La plupart des migraineux  (78,48%), avait moins de 5 crises par mois. La migraine avec aura  reprĂ©sentait 49,4%. Les auras les plus observĂ©es Ă©taient les phosphĂšnes (34,18%), les scotomes (13,92%) et l’aura sensitive (13,92%). Les  facteurs dĂ©clenchant les accĂšs Ă©taient le manque de sommeil (84,81%), la contrariĂ©tĂ© (68,35%) et le souci (62,03%). Conclusion : La migraine est assez frĂ©quente et sa prĂ©valence est comparable Ă  celle rapportĂ©e dans la plupart des Ă©tudes en communautĂ© en Afrique.Mots clĂ©s: Migraine -PrĂ©valence-Adulte-Benin Introduction: The migraine is a common neurological disorder with a serious handicap and classified as the 13th disabling disease worldwide. The most consistently data on epidemiology of migraine are available in general population in Africa but not in northern Benin. We aimed to study the prevalence of migraine at Titirou in Parakou in 2017. Methods: This was a cross-sectional with door-to-door survey which included 2065 subjects aged 18 to 65 years. The survey was conducted over a period of 4 months from 10 April to 05 August 2017. The IHS diagnostic criteria of 2013 were used to define migraine. Socio-demographics information was collected. The data were analyzed using Epi Info 2.2.0.165.fr software. Results: There was a male predominance with 58.45% of men with sex ratio of 1.41. The mean age was 31.87 ± 8.37 years. The prevalence of headache was 63.49%. The prevalence of migraine in Titirou was 3.82% [95%CI: 3.06%-4.72%]. The associated factors were the age (p=0.00), the sex (p=0.00), level of education (p=0.00), occupation (p<10-4 ) and the body mass index (p<10-4 ). The migraine with aura represented 49.4%. The most type were visual aura (34.18%), sensitive aura (13.92%) and scotoma (13.92%).The intensity of headache was moderate in 44.30%, strong in 51.90%, extremely strong in 3.80% of subjects. The main triggering factors were lack of sleep (84.81%), annoyance (68.35%) and worry (62.03%). Conclusion: Migraine was more frequent in Parakou and this data are comparable to those reported elsewhere in sub-Saharan Africa.Key words: Headache, Migraine- Prevalence, epidemiology, Adult; Benin

    Myasthenie auto-immune: diagnostic et prise en charge. A propos de six cas au Benin et au Gabon

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    La myasthĂ©nie est une maladie auto-immune qui se caractĂ©rise par une faiblesse musculaire fluctuante, s’aggravant Ă  l’effort et s’amĂ©liorant au repos, mettant en jeu le pronostic vital. Le polymorphisme clinique de cette affection rend souvent le diagnostic clinique difficile. Aussi le dosage des anticorps anti rĂ©cepteur d’acĂ©tylcholine (AC anti Rach) et l’ENMG sont les principaux outils du diagnostic. Les auteurs rapportent 6 cas de myasthĂ©nie pour mettre en relief les difficultĂ©s de diagnostic et de prise en charge en Afrique subsaharienne.Mots clĂ©s: Ac anti-Rach, MyasthĂ©nie, Ă©lectromyogramme, AfriqueEnglish Title: Myasthenia autoimmune: diagnosis and management. About six cases in Benin and GabonEnglish AbstractMyasthenia is a life threatening autoimmune disease presenting varying degrees of muscle weakness becoming worse during effort and released by rest. Its clinical polymorphism makes difficult the diagnosis. The anti-AChR antibodies testing and EMNG are the main diagnostic tools. The authors report 6 cases of myasthenia to underline the difficulties regarding diagnosis and management of this disease in sub-Saharan Africa.Keywords: Anti-AChR antibodies, Myasthenia, Electromyogram, Afric

    L’infection a virus de l’Immunodeficience Humaine (VIH), facteur predictif de gravite et de mortalite des accidents vasculaires cerebraux au Centre National Hospitalier et Universitaire-Hubert Koutoukou Maga (CNHU-HKM) de Cotonou, Benin

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    Introduction: L’atteinte du systĂšme nerveux central est frĂ©quente et prĂ©coce au cours de l’infection Ă  VIH. Cependant, la survenue de l’accident vasculaire cĂ©rĂ©bral (AVC) au cours de l’évolution naturelle du VIH est peu documentĂ©e.Objectif: DĂ©terminer la prĂ©valence hospitaliĂšre du VIH chez les patients AVC et comparer les caractĂ©ristiques cliniques des AVC entre les sujets infectĂ©s et non infectĂ©s par le VIH.MĂ©thode: Etude transversale qui s’est dĂ©roulĂ©e au CNHU-HKM de janvier 2008 Ă  dĂ©cembre 2011. Elle a portĂ© sur 432 sujets tous hĂ©tĂ©rosexuels, atteints d’AVC confirmĂ© par un scanner cĂ©rĂ©bral et ayant bĂ©nĂ©ficiĂ© d’une sĂ©rologie VIH. Deux groupes ont Ă©tĂ© constituĂ©s. Le groupe des sujets AVC infectĂ©s par le VIH (AVCVIH+) et le groupe des sujets AVC non infectĂ©s par le VIH (AVCVIH-). La gravitĂ© de l’AVC sur la base du score NIHSS Ă  l’admission et la mortalitĂ© Ă  J30 ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©es. Le logiciel Epi info a servi Ă  l’analyse des donnĂ©es.RĂ©sultats: La prĂ©valence hospitaliĂšre du VIH chez les patients atteints d’AVC Ă©tait de 26,1% (113/432). L’ñge moyen des PVVIH Ă©tait de 43 ± 7 ans. Aucun d’eux ne se connaissait VIH+ avant l’admission. La mĂ©diane des CD4  était basse : 119±36/mm3. Il n’y a pas de diffĂ©rence significative entre les deux groupes pour ce qui concerne l’ñge (p=0,08), le sexe (p=0,24), l’antĂ©cĂ©dent d’HTA (p=0,2), l’antĂ©cĂ©dent de diabĂšte (p=0,231). En revanche, l’AVC ischĂ©mique (67,3% vs 62,4% ; p=0,02) et la mortalitĂ© Ă  J30 (23% vs 10,5% ; p=0,007) Ă©taient significativement plus Ă©levĂ©s chez les sujets VIH+ que les VIH-. De mĂȘme, l’AVC Ă  l’admission (NIHSS>13 ; p=0,002) Ă©tait plus grave dans le groupe AVCVIH+ que dans le groupe AVCVIH-. Le risque de faire un AVC est multipliĂ© par au moins 2 lorsque le sujet Ă©tait sĂ©ropositif que sĂ©ronĂ©gatif pour le VIH, tous autres facteurs Ă©tant Ă©gaux par ailleurs (RR=2,3).Conclusion: Ces rĂ©sultats suggĂšrent que l’AVC est frĂ©quent au cours de l’infection Ă  VIH et peut ĂȘtre son mode de rĂ©vĂ©lation. De mĂȘme, l’infection Ă  VIH apparait comme un facteur de risque de mauvais pronostic au cours de l’AVC.Mots clĂ©s: AVC, VIH, gravitĂ©, mortalitĂ©, BĂ©ninEnglish Title: Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection (HIV), stroke severity and mortality predictive indicator in centre national Hospitalier et Universitaire-Hubert Koutoukou Maga (CNHU-HKM) Cotonou, BeninEnglish AbstractIntroduction: During HIV infection, the central nervous system is frequently affected. However, the occurrence of stroke during the natural course of HIV is poorly documented.Objectives: To determine the prevalence rate of HIV among stroke patients and to compare the clinical characteristics of stroke in people with HIV and those HIV free.Method: A Cross-sectional study was conducted in the Neurology department of CNHU-HKM in Cotonou from January 2008 to December 2011. It involved 432 subjects all heterosexual, with stroke confirmed by brain CT scan and who underwent HIV test. Two groups were formed. The group of stroke subjects with HIV infection (AVCVIH +) and that of stroke subjects not infected by HIV (AVCVIH-). Stroke severity based on NIHSS score at admission and mortality at day 30 was studied. Epi Info was used for data analyses.Outcome: The prevalence rate of HIV among patients with stroke was 26.1% (113/432). The average age of HIV’s subjects was 43 ± 7 years. None of them knew prior to admission that their status was HIV +. The median CD4 count was low: 119 ± 36/mm3. There is no significant difference between the two groups regarding age (p = 0.08), sex (p = 0.24), hypertension history (p = 0.2), diabetes history (p = 0.231). However, ischemic stroke (67.3% vs. 62.4%, p = 0.02) and mortality at day 30 (23% vs. 10.5%, p = 0.007) were significantly higher among HIV + than HIV-. Similarly, stroke on admission (NIHSS> 13, p = 0.002) was more severe in the group AVCVIH + than in group-AVCVIH. The risk of stroke is multiplied by at least 2 when the subject was HIV+ compare to HIV-, all other factors being equal (RR = 2.3).Conclusion: These results prove that stroke is common during HIV infection and may be one of its revealing factor. Similarly, HIV infection is a risk factor of poor outcome during stroke.Keywords: Stroke, HIV, AVC, severity, mortality, Beni

    Determinants of Adherence to Recommendations of the Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension in Adults with Hypertension Treated in a Hospital in Benin

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    Abstract The dietary approach to stop hypertension (DASH) is an effective nutritional strategy to prevent and treat cardiovascular disease. Optimal benefit from dietary recommendations in management of hypertension depends on the compliance. This analytic cross sectional study aimed at establishing determinants of DASH among adults with hypertension treated at hospital in Benin. The study included 150 hypertensive adults selected during medical visit for blood pressure monitoring at hospital Saint-Luc in Cotonou from June 3 rd to July 1 st , 2014. Data on consumption of sodium, fruits and vegetables, alcohol, saturated and trans fat rich products were collected by questionnaire. A score of adherence to DASH was built. Determinants of adherence to DASH were identified using logistic regression model. Only 20% of subjects showed adherence to DASH. Better knowledge on hypertension OR=5.18 (95%IC 1.98-13.22) and healthy dietary habits and lifestyle prior to diagnosis of hypertension OR=4.26 (95%IC 1.67-13.18) increased the likelihood of adherence to dietary recommendations for hypertension management. Nutrition education and information of patients on hypertension and its complications during medical consultations may increase their adherence to dietary recommendations for management of the disease

    Research protocol: essential stage of research process guaranteeing validity of results

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    La recherche scientifique est une activitĂ© obligatoire Ă  tout enseignant Ă  l’universitĂ©. Nous avons rĂ©alisĂ© ce travail de synthĂšse en apportant des innovations dans les composantes d’un protocole de recherche. Le but de notre travail est de rappeler aux chercheurs de tous les domaines, la dĂ©marche Ă  suivre pour rĂ©diger un bon projet de recherche encore appelĂ© protocole de recherche. Un protocole de recherche complet doit contenir les onze composantes suivantes : le titre ; l’introduction ; la problĂ©matique ; l’hypothĂšse ; les objectifs ; les gĂ©nĂ©ralitĂ©s ; la mĂ©thode ; le calendrier ; le budget ; la bibliographie et la mention des liens d’intĂ©rĂȘt. La mĂ©thode d’étude est la partie essentielle du protocole de recherche. En conclusion, tout chercheur doit maĂźtriser la procĂ©dure d’élaboration d’un protocole de recherche lui permettant d’aboutir Ă  des rĂ©sultats valides et de publier des articles scientifiques de bonne qualitĂ©.Scientific research is a compulsory activity for every university teacher. We realized this synthetic work by bringing innovations in research protocol components. The purpose of our work is to remind the searchers in all domains, the approach to be followed to draft a good research project also called research protocol. A complete research protocol has to include the eleven following components: title, introduction, problem, hypothesis, objectives, majorities, method, timetable, budget, bibliography and conflict of interests. The method of study is an essential part of the research protocol. As a conclusion, we can say every searcher should know and be able to elaborate a research protocol in order to obtain valid results and to publish quality scientific articles

    Health system performance for people with diabetes in 28 low- and middle-income countries:A cross-sectional study of nationally representative surveys

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    International audienceThe prevalence of diabetes is increasing rapidly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), urgently requiring detailed evidence to guide the response of health systems to this epidemic. In an effort to understand at what step in the diabetes care continuum individuals are lost to care, and how this varies between countries and population groups, this study examined health system performance for diabetes among adults in 28 LMICs using a cascade of care approach

    The state of hypertension care in 44 low-income and middle-income countries:a cross-sectional study of nationally representative individual-level data from 1·1 million adults

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    Evidence from nationally representative studies in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) on where in the hypertension care continuum patients are lost to care is sparse. This information, however, is essential for effective targeting of interventions by health services and monitoring progress in improving hypertension care. We aimed to determine the cascade of hypertension care in 44 LMICs-and its variation between countries and population groups-by dividing the progression in the care process, from need of care to successful treatment, into discrete stages and measuring the losses at each stage. In this cross-sectional study, we pooled individual-level population-based data from 44 LMICs. We first searched for nationally representative datasets from the WHO Stepwise Approach to Surveillance (STEPS) from 2005 or later. If a STEPS dataset was not available for a LMIC (or we could not gain access to it), we conducted a systematic search for survey datasets; the inclusion criteria in these searches were that the survey was done in 2005 or later, was nationally representative for at least three 10-year age groups older than 15 years, included measured blood pressure data, and contained data on at least two hypertension care cascade steps. Hypertension was defined as a systolic blood pressure of at least 140 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure of at least 90 mm Hg, or reported use of medication for hypertension. Among those with hypertension, we calculated the proportion of individuals who had ever had their blood pressure measured; had been diagnosed with hypertension; had been treated for hypertension; and had achieved control of their hypertension. We weighted countries proportionally to their population size when determining this hypertension care cascade at the global and regional level. We disaggregated the hypertension care cascade by age, sex, education, household wealth quintile, body-mass index, smoking status, country, and region. We used linear regression to predict, separately for each cascade step, a country's performance based on gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, allowing us to identify countries whose performance fell outside of the 95% prediction interval. Our pooled dataset included 1 100 507 participants, of whom 192 441 (17·5%) had hypertension. Among those with hypertension, 73·6% of participants (95% CI 72·9-74·3) had ever had their blood pressure measured, 39·2% of participants (38·2-40·3) had been diagnosed with hypertension, 29·9% of participants (28·6-31·3) received treatment, and 10·3% of participants (9·6-11·0) achieved control of their hypertension. Countries in Latin America and the Caribbean generally achieved the best performance relative to their predicted performance based on GDP per capita, whereas countries in sub-Saharan Africa performed worst. Bangladesh, Brazil, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Kyrgyzstan, and Peru performed significantly better on all care cascade steps than predicted based on GDP per capita. Being a woman, older, more educated, wealthier, and not being a current smoker were all positively associated with attaining each of the four steps of the care cascade. Our study provides important evidence for the design and targeting of health policies and service interventions for hypertension in LMICs. We show at what steps and for whom there are gaps in the hypertension care process in each of the 44 countries in our study. We also identified countries in each world region that perform better than expected from their economic development, which can direct policy makers to important policy lessons. Given the high disease burden caused by hypertension in LMICs, nationally representative hypertension care cascades, as constructed in this study, are an important measure of progress towards achieving universal health coverage. Harvard McLennan Family Fund, Alexander von Humboldt Foundation
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