85 research outputs found

    Something in the Air: Journeys of Self-Actualization in Musical Improvisation

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    The aim of this qualitative, abductive, and phenomenological inquiry was to develop categories based on participants\u27 perceptions of their improvisation and listening experiences. As using improvised music in clinical music therapy is an important method, this study expanded the knowledge of and language needed to describe this very sensitive and insightful communication process. If there is something in the air—what is it and is it something significant? Research questions included: 1. What kind of process is experienced when one improvises with an unknown person in an unfamiliar musical style? 2. What is in the air during live interactive improvisation? 3. What are the links between processes of self-actualization and peak experiences introduced by Abraham Maslow (1968) and the experiences described by the participants regarding their live improvised/interactive musical processes? The data of this study consisted of two audio-taped improvisations, three interviews, and the written reflections of six participants who participated in interactive live improvisation sessions. Ferrara\u27s method was adapted for the data collection and analysis. Research results are presented in the form of descriptive categories which give a clearer picture of what happens during the process of musical improvisatio

    Something in the Air: Journeys of Self-Actualization in Musical Improvisation

    Get PDF
    The aim of this qualitative, abductive, and phenomenological inquiry was to develop categories based on participants\u27 perceptions of their improvisation and listening experiences. As using improvised music in clinical music therapy is an important method, this study expanded the knowledge of and language needed to describe this very sensitive and insightful communication process. If there is something in the air—what is it and is it something significant? Research questions included: 1. What kind of process is experienced when one improvises with an unknown person in an unfamiliar musical style? 2. What is in the air during live interactive improvisation? 3. What are the links between processes of self-actualization and peak experiences introduced by Abraham Maslow (1968) and the experiences described by the participants regarding their live improvised/interactive musical processes? The data of this study consisted of two audio-taped improvisations, three interviews, and the written reflections of six participants who participated in interactive live improvisation sessions. Ferrara\u27s method was adapted for the data collection and analysis. Research results are presented in the form of descriptive categories which give a clearer picture of what happens during the process of musical improvisatio

    Origines et contributions génétiques des fondatrices et des fondateurs de la population québécoise

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    Cette Ă©tude prĂ©sente une analyse des origines gĂ©ographiques et de la contribution gĂ©nĂ©tique des ancĂȘtres fondateurs de la population du QuĂ©bec. À l’aide de donnĂ©es tirĂ©es du ficher BALSAC et du Registre de la population du QuĂ©bec ancien, un corpus de 2223 gĂ©nĂ©alogies ascendantes couvrant l’ensemble du territoire quĂ©bĂ©cois a Ă©tĂ© construit. Ces gĂ©nĂ©alogies remontent jusqu’au 17e siĂšcle et couvrent en moyenne plus de neuf gĂ©nĂ©rations. Tous les liens gĂ©nĂ©alogiques unissant l’ensemble des individus identifiĂ©s dans les ascendances ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©tablis. Les rĂ©sultats indiquent qu’environ 81 pour cent du pool gĂ©nique quĂ©bĂ©cois s’explique par des fondatrices et fondateurs venus de France au 17e siĂšcle. Des diffĂ©rences importantes existent toutefois selon le lieu d’origine en France et selon le sexe des fondateurs. Les rĂ©sultats ont aussi mis en Ă©vidence la prĂ©sence de nombreux liens d’apparentement Ă©loignĂ© dans cette population.This study analyzes the geographic origins and genetic contributions of the founding ancestors of the QuĂ©bec population. The authors used data from the BALSAC population register and the Early Quebec population register to build a corpus of 2,223 ascending genealogies covering the entire territory of QuĂ©bec. These genealogies go back to the 17th century and on average include more than 9 generations. Genealogical links between all individuals identified in the genealogies were established. Results show that approximately 81% of QuĂ©bec’s gene pool derives from the founders who came from France in the 17th century. There are however important differences in founders’ genetic contribution according to gender and place of origin in France. Genealogical analyses also reveal the existence of many distant kinship ties within this population

    La distribution du leadership dans l’organisation d’interventions en santĂ© mentale au travail chez le personnel scolaire : Ă©tude de cas dans une Ă©cole secondaire du QuĂ©bec

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    Au QuĂ©bec, de nombreuses recherches se sont intĂ©ressĂ©es Ă  l’étude des problĂšmes de santĂ© mentale au travail du personnel scolaire, en particulier chez les enseignants et les directions d’école du secteur public au niveau des ordres primaire et secondaire. MalgrĂ© les prĂ©occupations du MinistĂšre de l’Éducation, des associations syndicales et de directions, de mĂȘme que des commissions scolaires, on constate une persistance du problĂšme. À l’exception de l’Approche École en SantĂ© implantĂ©e dans les Ă©coles en 2003, qui est davantage centrĂ©e sur la santĂ© des Ă©lĂšves, il n’existe pas vraiment de dĂ©marche d’intervention en santĂ© au travail structurĂ©e et destinĂ©e Ă  rĂ©pondre aux besoins du personnel scolaire. Avec un nombre limitĂ© de recherches au QuĂ©bec et Ă  travers le monde sur le sujet, nous avons Ă©laborĂ© une mĂ©thodologie de recherche-intervention qui s’inspire de la clinique de l’activitĂ©, dans le but de mieux comprendre et intervenir sur le processus collectif par lequel le leadership est dĂ©ployĂ© parmi le personnel scolaire dans la planification et l’organisation d’interventions en santĂ© au travail. La thĂ©orie du leadership distribuĂ© a servi de cadre de rĂ©fĂ©rence pour Ă©tudier l’activitĂ© de leadership des chercheurs et du personnel impliquĂ©. Au niveau du processus, nous avons accompagnĂ© pendant l’annĂ©e scolaire 2016-2017 le personnel d’une Ă©cole secondaire de la Commission scolaire des Affluents de la grande rĂ©gion de MontrĂ©al dans la planification et l’organisation de leur dĂ©marche de santĂ© au travail. Le ComitĂ© santĂ© globale constituĂ© Ă  cette Ă©cole Ă©tait composĂ© de reprĂ©sentants des membres du personnel enseignant, de direction, de soutien et de professionnels. Avec l’équipe de direction, nous avons dĂ©fini les composantes de la dĂ©marche et clarifiĂ© les tĂąches Ă  accomplir pour ainsi prĂ©parer le contexte d’intervention. Par la suite, nous avons identifiĂ© les sources de tensions Ă  l’aide d’un questionnaire gĂ©nĂ©rique destinĂ© Ă  l’ensemble du personnel. Enfin, en nous basant sur les rĂ©sultats obtenus, nous avons accompagnĂ© les membres du comitĂ© dans l’identification et la sĂ©lection des prioritĂ©s d’intervention pour ensuite trouver des pistes de solution. Pour rĂ©pondre Ă  l’objectif gĂ©nĂ©ral de recherche, Ă  savoir mieux comprendre le leadership dĂ©ployĂ© par les membres du comitĂ©, quatre rencontres ont Ă©tĂ© filmĂ©es et documentĂ©es. À l’aide de ces enregistrements, nous avons rĂ©alisĂ© des montages vidĂ©o Ă  partir d’extraits illustrant les sources de tensions, les manifestations positives et les contraintes au pouvoir d’agir et Ă  la distribution du leadership dans leur environnement de travail. Trois enseignants et la direction principale ont Ă©tĂ© confrontĂ©s Ă  des images de leur propre activitĂ© pour ensuite ĂȘtre invitĂ©s Ă  commenter leurs interventions ou celles de leurs collĂšgues. En plus des mĂ©thodes d’observation et de rĂ©troaction vidĂ©o, nous avons utilisĂ© celles de recueil de textes (ex. : courriels) et de notes d’observation lors des rencontres non filmĂ©es. Les principaux rĂ©sultats prĂ©sentĂ©s dans ce mĂ©moire s’articulent autour de trois objectifs spĂ©cifiques : la documentation et la description (i) des tĂąches de leadership, (ii) des modes de distribution du leadership et (iii) des artĂ©facts matĂ©riels conçus et mobilisĂ©s Ă  travers la dĂ©marche de santĂ© au travail. En ce qui concerne les tĂąches exĂ©cutĂ©es par les membres du ComitĂ© santĂ© globale, un ensemble de 13 macro-tĂąches et de 76 micro-tĂąches a Ă©tĂ© recensĂ© lors des sept premiĂšres phases de la dĂ©marche. Cette synthĂšse a le potentiel de servir de rĂ©fĂ©rence pour les Ă©coles et les chercheurs dĂ©sirant reproduire ou adapter la prĂ©sente dĂ©marche ou mĂ©thodologie de recherche-intervention. Un deuxiĂšme apport de notre recherche consiste en l’application thĂ©orique des 16 modes de distribution du leadership provenant de quatre taxonomies Ă©voquĂ©es dans le cadre thĂ©orique. Les rĂ©sultats de nos analyses suggĂšrent une reconfiguration conceptuelle et un regroupement de ces 16 modes en trois catĂ©gories supĂ©rieures : lieux de distribution, distribution des tĂąches, exĂ©cution des tĂąches. Cette reconfiguration offre une alternative intĂ©ressante permettant d’unifier les modĂšles existants, tout en simplifiant l’analyse des activitĂ©s de leadership sur le plan pratique. Une troisiĂšme contribution de la recherche concerne l’importance de documenter les artĂ©facts matĂ©riels conçus et mobilisĂ©s dans le cadre d’une dĂ©marche de santĂ© au travail en milieu scolaire; une composante bien souvent omise dans les recherches recourant au cadre thĂ©orique du leadership distribuĂ©. En terminant, notons que cette recherche-intervention est la premiĂšre Ă  mettre en relation deux approches thĂ©oriques/pratiques jusqu’ici peu intĂ©grĂ©es en milieu scolaire : l’approche globale de santĂ© et la thĂ©orie du leadership distribuĂ©. Nous souhaitons que cette nouvelle dĂ©marche axĂ©e sur la santĂ© au travail du personnel puisse inspirer, Ă©clairer et motiver les dĂ©cideurs ou gestionnaires du milieu scolaire Ă  soutenir ce genre d’initiative.In Quebec, there has been a great deal of research into mental health problems among school personnel, particularly teachers and principals in the public sector at the elementary and secondary levels. Despite the concerns of the Ministry of Education, teacher unions and associations of school leaders, as well as school boards, this problem seems to persist. With the exception of the Healthy School Approach (Approche École en SantĂ©) implemented in 2003, which is more centered on student health, there is a lack of a well-defined occupational health intervention focused on addressing the needs of school personnel. With limited research found in Quebec and around the world on the topic, we developed a methodology similar to the clinic of activity (clinique de l’activitĂ©) approach in order to better understand and influence the collective process by which leadership is deployed in the planning and organization of workplace health interventions. The distributed leadership theory was used as the frame of reference for investigating the leadership behaviors of researchers and staff involved. In terms of process, we accompanied during the 2016-2017 school year, a high school of the School Board des Affluents of the Greater Montreal Area in planning and organizing their healthy workplace strategy. The Global health committee formed at the school consisted of teacher representatives, members of the school leadership team, support staff and other school-related professionals. With the school leadership team, we defined the key elements of the approach and clarified the tasks to be accomplished in preparation for the intervention. Then, we identified the main sources of tension using a more generic questionnaire appropriate for all categories of school personnel. Finally, based on the results obtained, we worked with members of the committee to identify and select intervention priorities in order to find applicable solutions. To achieve the overall research goal of better understanding the kind of leadership deployed by members of the committee, four group meetings were filmed and documented. Using these recordings, we made video montages from extracts illustrating the sources of tension, the positive manifestations and factors limiting agency and distributed leadership within their work environment. Three teachers and the school principal were confronted with extracts of their own activity and then invited to comment on their interventions or those of their colleagues. In addition to observation and video feedback, we also relied on written material (e.g., e-mails) and observation notes collected during non-recorded meetings. The main results highlighted in this thesis relate to three specific objectives: to document and describe (i) the leadership tasks performed by the committee members, (ii) the type of distributed leadership patterns, and (iii) the tools designed and mobilized through the occupational health approach. With regards to the leadership tasks performed by members of the Global health committee, a set of 13 macro-tasks and 76 micro-tasks was identified during the first seven phases of the process. This synthesis has the potential to serve as a reference for schools and researchers wishing to reproduce or adapt this research-intervention approach or methodology. A second contribution of our research consists in the theoretical application of the 16 patterns of distributed leadership extracted from four taxonomies identified in the theoretical framework. The data obtained suggest a conceptual reconfiguration and regrouping of these 16 patterns into three higher categories: the place where distributed leadership can occur, the distribution of leadership tasks, and the execution of those tasks. This reconfiguration offers an interesting alternative to unify existing models, while simplifying the analysis of leadership activity in practice. A third contribution of the research testifies to the importance of documenting the tools designed and mobilized when implementing a healthy workplace strategy within school settings; a component often omitted in research studying distributed leadership. In conclusion, this intervention-research is the first to link two theoretical/practical frameworks rarely integrated within school settings; i.e., the global health approach and distributed leadership theory. We hope that this newly developed intervention methodology, focused on the occupational health of school personnel, can inspire, enlighten and motivate school decision-makers or administrators to support this type of initiative

    La contribution des Acadiens au peuplement des régions du Québec

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    Les Acadiens sont des descendants d’immigrants français qui se sont Ă©tablis principalement au xviie siĂšcle en Nouvelle-Écosse et au Nouveau-Brunswick. En 1755, les autoritĂ©s britanniques ont ordonnĂ© la dĂ©portation des Acadiens qui ont Ă©tĂ© dispersĂ©s dans les colonies anglaises d’AmĂ©rique, en France et en Angleterre. On estime que de 2 000 Ă  4 000 Acadiens se sont Ă©tablis au QuĂ©bec. L’objectif de cette Ă©tude est de mesurer et de caractĂ©riser l’impact de l’apport migratoire acadien sur le pool gĂ©nique quĂ©bĂ©cois contemporain. Les donnĂ©es utilisĂ©es proviennent d’un corpus gĂ©nĂ©alogique comprenant 2 340 ascendances. Les lieux d’origine des ancĂȘtres, la frĂ©quence de leurs mentions dans les gĂ©nĂ©alogies ainsi que leur contribution gĂ©nĂ©tique aux diffĂ©rentes populations rĂ©gionales du QuĂ©bec ont Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©s. Les rĂ©sultats rĂ©vĂšlent que de 46 % Ă  100 % des ascendances, selon la rĂ©gion, comprennent au moins un ancĂȘtre d’origine acadienne. La contribution des fondateurs acadiens est particuliĂšrement Ă©levĂ©e aux Îles-de-la-Madeleine, oĂč 86 % du pool gĂ©nique leur est attribuable. Les populations de la GaspĂ©sie (27 %) et de la CĂŽte-Nord (14 %), affichent aussi une importante contribution acadienne.The Acadians are descendants of French immigrants who settled mainly in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick during the xviith century. In 1755, the British authorities ordered the deportation of Acadians who were then dispersed in France, England and the English colonies of America. It is estimated that between 2 000 and 4 000 Acadians settled in Quebec. The purpose of this study was to measure and characterize the impact of Acadian migration on the contemporary Quebec gene pool. Data was obtained from a genealogical corpus consisting of 2 340 ascendances. Place of origin of founding ancestors, frequency of their mention in the genealogies and their genetic contribution to the various regional populations of Quebec were analysed. Results show that, depending on the region, 46 % to 100 % of ascendances contain at least one Acadian ancestor. The contribution of Acadian founders is particularly high in the Îles-de-la-Madeleine region, where 86 % of the gene pool is explained by Acadians. GaspĂ©sie (27 %) and CĂŽte-Nord (14 %) populations also display an important Acadian contribution

    Intergenerational and genealogical approaches for the study of longevity in the Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean population

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    The mechanisms of longevity have been the subject of investigations for a number of years. Although the role of genetic factors is generally acknowledged, important questions persist regarding the relative impact of environmental exposures, lifestyle characteristics, and genes. The BALSAC population register offers a unique opportunity to study longevity from an intergenerational and genealogical point of view. Individuals from the Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean population who died at age 90 or older between 1950 and 1974 were selected from this database (n = 576), along with a control group of individuals born in the same period who died between 50 and 75 years of age. For these subjects and controls, spouses’ ages at death and parental ages at death and at their birth were investigated using regression analysis. Genealogical reconstructions were carried out for each individual, and various analyses were performed on both groups. Both fathers’ and mothers’ mean ages at death were significantly higher among the longer-lived cases than among controls whereas spouses’ ages at death and parental ages at birth had no effect. Regression analysis confirmed the positive effect of both fathers’ and mothers’ age at death. Mean kinship coefficients for the parents’ generations displayed significant differences, indicating that kinship was higher among subjects than controls (this effect was stronger among the oldest 10% of the subjects). Frequencies and genetic contributions of ancestors were very similar for the two groups, and none of these ancestors appeared more likely to have introduced genetic variants involved in longevity patterns in this French Canadian population

    The contribution of Irish immigrants to the Quebec (Canada) gene pool : an estimation using data from deep-rooted genealogies

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    Le peuplement d’origine europĂ©enne au QuĂ©bec (Canada) a commencĂ© au dĂ©but du 17e siĂšcle avec l’arrivĂ©e de pionniers venus de France. Suite Ă  la conquĂȘte anglaise de 1760, des immigrants en provenance des Ăźles britanniques se sont installĂ©s sur le territoire quĂ©bĂ©cois. Plusieurs de ces immigrants Ă©taient des Irlandais catholiques. Des historiens et gĂ©nĂ©alogistes ont identifiĂ© de nombreux patronymes d’origine irlandaise parmi la population canadienne-française et certains chercheurs se sont interrogĂ©s Ă  propos de l’intĂ©gration des immigrants irlandais et de leurs descendants au sein de cette population. L’objectif de cette Ă©tude est d’identifier les fondateurs d’origine irlandaise et de caractĂ©riser leur contribution gĂ©nĂ©tique Ă  la population contemporaine du QuĂ©bec, ainsi que de mesurer la variabilitĂ© de cette contribution selon la pĂ©riode d’arrivĂ©e et le comtĂ© d’origine en Irlande. Les donnĂ©es proviennent d’un corpus de 2223 gĂ©nĂ©alogies ascendantes remontant jusqu’au dĂ©but du 17e siĂšcle. La profondeur moyenne des gĂ©nĂ©alogies est d’un peu plus de 9 gĂ©nĂ©rations, plusieurs branches atteignant 16 ou 17 gĂ©nĂ©rations. Les fondateurs irlandais expliquent moins de 1% du pool gĂ©nique quĂ©bĂ©cois, mais prĂšs de 21% des gĂ©nĂ©alogies contiennent au moins un fondateur irlandais. Ces fondateurs ont contribuĂ© au peuplement de toutes les rĂ©gions du QuĂ©bec, avec toutefois quelques variations importantes d’une rĂ©gion Ă  l’autre. La majoritĂ© des fondateurs irlandais identifiĂ©s ont immigrĂ© au 19e siĂšcle et provenaient principalement des comtĂ©s du sud de l’Irlande

    Demogenetic study of three populations within a region with strong founder effects

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    Objectives: The population of the Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean (SLSJ) region (Quebec, Canada) is known to have a relatively high prevalence of certain hereditary disorders, which can be explained by the consequences of founder effects. This study aims at providing new insights on the origins and subregional stratification of these founder effects. Methods: The genealogies of 300 individuals were reconstructed and analyzed using the BALSAC population register. Results: Inbreeding and kinship levels are higher in Lower Saguenay than in Upper Saguenay and Lac-St-Jean. The population of Lower Saguenay also distinguishes itself because of a fewer number of distinct ancestors. Conclusion: Beyond the genetic features that characterize the whole region, SLSJ also displays intraregional variability. Thus it is important to take into account the settlement patterns and the demographic history of this population for a better appraisal of its contemporary genetic structure

    Admixed ancestry and stratification of Quebec regional populations

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    Population stratification results from unequal, nonrandom genetic contribution of ancestors and should be reflected in the underlying genealogies. In Quebec, the distribution of Mendelian diseases points to local founder effects suggesting stratification of the contemporary French Canadian gene pool. Here we characterize the population structure through the analysis of the genetic contribution of 7,798 immigrant founders identified in the genealogies of 2,221 subjects partitioned in eight regions. In all but one region, about 90% of gene pools were contributed by early French founders. In the eastern region where this contribution was 76%, we observed higher contributions of Acadians, British and American Loyalists. To detect population stratification from genealogical data, we propose an approach based on principal component analysis (PCA) of immigrant founders' genetic contributions. This analysis was compared with a multidimensional scaling of pairwise kinship coefficients. Both methods showed evidence of a distinct identity of the northeastern and eastern regions and stratification of the regional populations correlated with geographical location along the St-Lawrence River. In addition, we observed a West-East decreasing gradient of diversity. Analysis of PC-correlated founders illustrates the differential impact of early versus latter founders consistent with specific regional genetic patterns. These results highlight the importance of considering the geographic origin of samples in the design of genetic epidemiology studies conducted in Quebec. Moreover, our results demonstrate that the study of deep ascending genealogies can accurately reveal population structure
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