Solar horizontal flow evaluation using neural network and numerical simulation with snapshot data

We suggest a method that evaluates the horizontal velocity in the solar photosphere with easily observable values using a combination of neural network and radiative magnetohydrodynamics simulations. All three-component velocities of thermal convection on the solar surface have important roles in generating waves in the upper atmosphere. However, the velocity perpendicular to the line of sight (LoS) is difficult to observe. To deal with this problem, the local correlation tracking (LCT) method, which employs the difference between two images, has been widely used, but LCT has several disadvantages. We develop a method that evaluates the horizontal velocity from a snapshot of the intensity and the LoS velocity with a neural network. We use data from numerical simulations for training the neural network. While two consecutive intensity images are required for LCT, our network needs just one intensity image at only a specific moment for input. From these input array, our network outputs a same-size array of two-component velocity field. With only the intensity data, the network achieves a high correlation coefficient between the simulated and evaluated velocities of 0.83. In addition, the network performance can be improved when we add LoS velocity for input, enabling achieving a correlation coefficient of 0.90. Our method is also applied to observed data.Comment: 13 pages, 20 figures, accepted for publication in pas

Dynamics of solar large-scale flows

The Sun's axisymmetric large-scale flows, differential rotation and meridional circulation, are thought to be maintained by the influence of rotation on the thermal-convective motions in the solar convection zone. These large-scale flows are crucial for maintaining the Sun's global magnetic field. Over the last several decades, our understanding of large-scale motions in the Sun has significantly improved, both through observational and theoretical efforts. Helioseismology has constrained the flow topology in the solar interior, and the growth of supercomputers has enabled simulations that can self-consistently generate large scale flows in rotating spherical convective shells. In this chapter, we review our current understanding of solar convection and the large-scale flows present in the Sun, including those associated with the recently discovered inertial modes of oscillation. We discuss some issues still outstanding, and provide an outline of future efforts needed to address these

太陽型星における熱対流、磁場、そして差動回転

学位の種別:課程博士University of Tokyo(東京大学

Identification of myogenic-endothelial progenitor cells in the interstitial spaces of skeletal muscle

Putative myogenic and endothelial (myo-endothelial) cell progenitors were identified in the interstitial spaces of murine skeletal muscle by immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy using CD34 antigen. Enzymatically isolated cells were characterized by fluorescence-activated cell sorting on the basis of cell surface antigen expression, and were sorted as a CD34+ and CD45− fraction. Cells in this fraction were ∼94% positive for Sca-1, and mostly negative (<3% positive) for CD14, 31, 49, 144, c-kit, and FLK-1. The CD34+/45− cells formed colonies in clonal cell cultures and colony-forming units displayed the potential to differentiate into adipocytes, endothelial, and myogenic cells. The CD34+/45− cells fully differentiated into vascular endothelial cells and skeletal muscle fibers in vivo after transplantation. Immediately after sorting, CD34+/45− cells expressed only c-met mRNA, and did not express any other myogenic cell-related markers such as MyoD, myf-5, myf-6, myogenin, M-cadherin, Pax-3, and Pax-7. However, after 3 d of culture, these cells expressed mRNA for all myogenic markers. CD34+/45− cells were distinct from satellite cells, as they expressed Bcrp1/ABCG2 gene mRNA (Zhou et al., 2001). These findings suggest that myo-endothelial progenitors reside in the interstitial spaces of mammalian skeletal muscles, and that they can potentially contribute to postnatal skeletal muscle growth

Supplementary material for the article: Fukushi, K.; Fujita, Y.; Nonogaki, J.; Tsujimoto, J.-I.; Hattori, T.; Inui, H.; Beškoski, V. P.; Hotta, H.; Hayashi, M.; Nakano, T. Capillary Zone Electrophoresis Determination of Fluoride in Seawater Using Transient Isotachophoresis. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 2018, 410 (6), 1825–1831. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-017-0838-0

Supplementary material for: [https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-017-0838-0]Related to published version: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2083

Supplementary material for the article: Fukushi, K.; Fujita, Y.; Nonogaki, J.; Tsujimoto, J.-I.; Hattori, T.; Inui, H.; Beškoski, V. P.; Hotta, H.; Hayashi, M.; Nakano, T. Capillary Zone Electrophoresis Determination of Fluoride in Seawater Using Transient Isotachophoresis. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 2018, 410 (6), 1825–1831. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-017-0838-0

Supplementary material for: [https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-017-0838-0]Related to published version: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2083

海水温浴および動水温浴が体温変動に及ぼす影響

本研究は，海水および動水が温水浴時の体温調節反応に及ばす影響を検討することを主たる目的とした。被験者は健康な成人男性6名であり，その平均の年齢，身長，体重および体脂肪率はそれぞれ33．3±2．6歳，168．8±6．3cm，69．6±11．9kgおよび16．3±4．5％であった。実験は，水温38．5℃に設定された「海水・動水」「海水・静水」「真水・動水」「真水・静水」の4条件下で20分間の入浴後，30分間の回復をとった。直腸温は，全条件とも入浴直後から一過性に上昇傾向を示し，出浴10分では潜熱現象を示したが，出浴20分からはゆるやかな下降傾向を示した。有意に直腸温を上昇させる結果を示したのは海水条件だった。平均皮膚温は，全条件とも入浴直後から一過性に上昇傾向を示し，出浴10分以内に急速に下降傾向を示し，その後はゆるやかな低下を示した。平均体温は，全条件とも入浴直後から一過性に上昇傾向を，また出浴直後には急速に下降傾向を示し，その後はゆるやかな低下を示した。他条件と比較して有意差が認められたのは，海水と動水を組み合わせた条件「海水・動水」であった。以上のように一般（真水）の温浴時と比較した場合に，直腸温を有意に上昇させるのは海水温浴，また平均体温を有意に上昇させるのは海水温浴と動水温浴の併用であった。The purpose of the present study was to compare thermal responses of the body when bathing in four different conditions ; (1) warm sea water with flow, (2) warm sea water, (3) warm fresh water with flow, (4) warm fresh water. The thermal responses were based on the examination of taking rectal, skin, and mean body temperatures at each 0, 10, 20, minutes in bathing and each 10, 20, 30 minutes in recovery on land. Six healthy men were the subjects in this experiment, and they were in average 33.3±2.6 in age, 168.8±6.3cms in height, 69.6±11.9kgs in weight, and 16.3±4.5% in body fat. The subjects bathed in warm water for 20 minutes and took recovery on land for 30 minutes respectively. The experiment was tested under water temperature at 38.5℃ during bathing. The rectal temperature increased during bathing and decreased gradually during recovery on land. Bathing in sea water with flow showed statistically significant increases of rectal temperature for the certain periods of time compared with bathing in warm fresh water and fresh water with flow. The mean skin temperature showed a continuous increase during bathing and showed a rapid decrease during the 10 minutes in recovery on land, and a gradual decrease after then. No statistically significant differences were detected in the mean skin temperature among four conditions. The mean body temperature also showed a continuous increase during bathing and showed a rapid decrease during the 10 minutes in recovery on land, and a gradual decrease after then. In bathing in sea water with flow, the mean body temperature statistically showed significant increases during bathing after 10 minutes and during recovery on land compared with bathing in warm fresh water and fresh water with flow. Bathing in warm sea water with flow showed the highest in all examined temperatures (rectal, skin and mean body temperature) followed by warm sea water, warm fresh water with flow and just warm fresh water

Clinical background factors as predictors of the efficacy of 5-aminosalicylic acid suppositories in patients with ulcerative colitis

Introduction: Although the efficacy of 5-aminosalicylic acid (ASA) suppositories for ulcerative colitis (UC) has been reported in many studies, many studies have also described poor adherence to 5-ASA suppository regimens. We aimed to identify the clinical background factors that influence adherence to 5-ASA suppositories to improve adherence and efficacy of the treatment. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 61 patients with active UC who were using 5-ASA suppositories. All patients underwent endoscopy and rectal biopsy for histological diagnosis prior to 5-ASA suppository treatment. The efficacy of 5-ASA suppository treatment was compared in relation to clinical background factors (sex, age, disease duration, disease type, clinical activity, Ulceratve colitis Endoscopic Index of Severity, histological activity, serum C-reactive protein level, concomitant use of immunomodulators, history of steroid use, and dose of oral 5-ASA). Results: The efficacy of 5-ASA suppositories was significantly related to low Lichtiger Colitis Activity Index (LCAI) scores and proctitis type prior to its use. In terms of sex, females tended to show higher efficacy. Multivariate logistic regression analysis using these three factors showed high predictive value for the efficacy of 5-ASA suppositories (AUC, 0.788; sensitivity, 87.2%; and specificity, 63.7%). Discussion/Conclusion: This study is the first to extract clinical background factors for predicting the efficacy of 5-ASA suppositories. The use of 5-ASA suppositories in patients who are expected to show efficacy will be effective in improving patient co-operation