catena-Poly[[diiodidomercury(II)]-μ2-2-amino­pyrazine-κ2 N 1:N 4]

In the crystal of the title polymeric compound, [HgI2(C4H5N3)]n, the HgII cation is located on a twofold rotation axis and is coordinated by two I− anions and two 2-amino­pyrazine ligands in a distorted HgI2N2 tetra­hedral geometry. In the crystal, the 2-amino­pyrazine ligand is equally disordered over two positions about an inversion center, and bridges the HgII cations with pyrazine N atoms to form a polymeric chain running along the c axis. In the polymeric chain, the amino groups link to the coordinated I− anions via inter­molecular N—H⋯I hydrogen bonds

Kyste epidermoïde intra medullaire: A propos d’un cas

IntroductionLes kystes épidermoïdes sont des tumeurs bénignes, le plus souvent congénitales. Au niveau rachidien la localisation est habituellement intra durale extra médullaire, rarement intra médullaire. Nous rapportons un nouveau cas de kyste épidermoïde intra médullaire, dorsal et discutons l’étiopathogénie, l’épidémiologie, la clinique, les caractéristiques  radiologiques et le traitement neurochirurgical.ObservationUn patient âgé de 16 ans est admis pour une paraparésie spastique progressive évoluant depuis 18 mois, sans troubles sensitifs, avec incontinence urinaire. L’imagerie par résonnance magnétique (IRM) médullaire a objectivé une lésion fusiforme intra médullaire en regard de la vertèbre T12. Elle était hypo intense en T1, hétérogène en T2 avec un fin rehaussement en couronne sur les séquences pondérées T1 après injection de Gadolinium. Le patient a été opéré par voie postérieur. Une myélotomie centrée sur la lésion a été réalisée. On a retrouvé une masse de consistance molle, de couleur blanc nacrée. Une exérèse complète a été réalisée. L’examen anatomopathologique a conclu à un kyste épidermoïde. Les suites post opératoires ont été marquées par une bonne amélioration clinique fonctionnelle (évolution de 6 mois).ConclusionLes kystes épidermoïdes sont des tumeurs bénignes rares exceptionnellement intra médullaire. L’approche diagnostic est établit par l’imagerie par résonance magnétique et le traitement est neurochirurgical. Le pronostic est globalement bon

Kyste neurentérique intra dural extra médullaire: à propos d’un cas

Le kyste neurentérique (KNE) est une malformation congénitale rare du système nerveux central (SNC) entrant dans le cadre des notochordodysraphies. Nous rapportons un nouveau cas de KNE de localisation intra durale extra médullaire chez un patient de 16 ans, admis dans un tableau de compression médullaire cervicale haut évoluant depuis 4 mois. L’imagerie a objectivé une lésion kystique pré médullaire en regardde C1-C2-C3. Le patient a bénéficié d’une évacuation kystique et l’histologie avait conclu à un kyste neurentérique. L’évolution était marquée par le décès du patient par des complications neurovégétatives graves. Malgré sa bénignité histologique, le kyste neurentérique de localisation cervicale haute peut se compliquer de troubles neurovégétatifs parfois imprévisibles pouvant aboutir à une évolution dramatique

Traitement peu invasif d’une breche osteo meningee associee a une hypertension intracranienne benigne

Description L’hypertension intracrânienne bénigne (HTICB) est une augmentation anormale de la pression intracrânienne non associée à un processus occupant de l’espace intracrânien, une thrombose des veinescérébrales ou une hydrocéphalie. Caractérisée par des céphalées invalidantes, des acouphènes pulsatiles, elle peut avoir une évolution péjorative et irréversible entraînant une cécité. La survenue d’une rhinorrhée spontanée dans un contexte d’HTICB a été décrite dans la littérature mais demeure peu fréquente. Objectif et cas cliniqueNous rapportons le cas d’une femme obèse âgée de 40 ans, qui a été admise pour rhinorrhée droite spontanée. Les explorations neuroradiologiques ont permis d’évoquer une hypertension intracrânienne bénigne sur une brèche ethmoïdale antérieure. Le monitoring de la pression a confirmé le diagnostic. Elle abénéficié d’une dérivation ventriculo péritonéale. L’évolution est favorable (disparition des symptômes) avec un delai de recul de 16 mois . Conclusion L’HTICB est une pathologie avec des conséquences irréversibles si le traitement n’est pas adéquat et rapide. En cas de rhinorrhée isolée dans le cadre de l’hypertension intracrânienne bénigne la dérivation ventriculo péritonéale est une attitude thérapeutique simple mais efficace

Inhibition of the alternative complement activation pathway in traumatic brain injury by a monoclonal anti-factor B antibody: a randomized placebo-controlled study in mice

BACKGROUND: The posttraumatic response to traumatic brain injury (TBI) is characterized, in part, by activation of the innate immune response, including the complement system. We have recently shown that mice devoid of a functional alternative pathway of complement activation (factor B-/- mice) are protected from complement-mediated neuroinflammation and neuropathology after TBI. In the present study, we extrapolated this knowledge from studies in genetically engineered mice to a pharmacological approach using a monoclonal anti-factor B antibody. This neutralizing antibody represents a specific and potent inhibitor of the alternative complement pathway in mice. METHODS: A focal trauma was applied to the left hemisphere of C57BL/6 mice (n = 89) using a standardized electric weight-drop model. Animals were randomly assigned to two treatment groups: (1) Systemic injection of 1 mg monoclonal anti-factor B antibody (mAb 1379) in 400 μl phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at 1 hour and 24 hours after trauma; (2) Systemic injection of vehicle only (400 μl PBS), as placebo control, at identical time-points after trauma. Sham-operated and untreated mice served as additional negative controls. Evaluation of neurological scores and analysis of brain tissue specimens and serum samples was performed at defined time-points for up to 1 week. Complement activation in serum was assessed by zymosan assay and by murine C5a ELISA. Brain samples were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) histochemistry, and real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS: The mAb 1379 leads to a significant inhibition of alternative pathway complement activity and to significantly attenuated C5a levels in serum, as compared to head-injured placebo-treated control mice. TBI induced histomorphological signs of neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis in the injured brain hemisphere of placebo-treated control mice for up to 7 days. In contrast, the systemic administration of an inhibitory anti-factor B antibody led to a substantial attenuation of cerebral tissue damage and neuronal cell death. In addition, the posttraumatic administration of the mAb 1379 induced a neuroprotective pattern of intracerebral gene expression. CONCLUSION: Inhibition of the alternative complement pathway by posttraumatic administration of a neutralizing anti-factor B antibody appears to represent a new promising avenue for pharmacological attenuation of the complement-mediated neuroinflammatory response after head injury

Mutual Regulation of Bcl-2 Proteins Independent of the BH3 Domain as Shown by the BH3-Lacking Protein Bcl-xAK

The BH3 domain of Bcl-2 proteins was regarded as indispensable for apoptosis induction and for mutual regulation of family members. We recently described Bcl-xAK, a proapoptotic splice product of the bcl-x gene, which lacks BH3 but encloses BH2, BH4 and a transmembrane domain. It remained however unclear, how Bcl-xAK may trigger apoptosis

Investigation on possibility of enrichment some grain products (bread, cup cake and cookie) by using Spirulina Microalgae)

The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of enrichment some grain products by using spirulina powder. For propose three different products (Shear bread, Cupcake and Layered Cookie) were selected. Spirulina platensis powder with 0.25, 0.5, 0.75,1 and 1.25% were added to the products ingredients. The no added products (0% spirulina) were used as control. The samples were produced in SAHAR BREAD CO. in industry method. Sensory evaluation, color and texture properties, proximate compositions, Iron, fatty acid and amino acid profile of the samples were determined. The changes of the price of the samples were also calculated. Results indicated that except in color parameter for 1.25% incorporation the spirulina in selected products had no significant (p>0.05) effects on sensory properties. Instrumental color (Hunter Lab) analysis showed that the L*,a* ,b* were decreased by increasing the percentage of spiraling powder in the products ingredients. Hardness of all three products decreased by increasing the spirulina amounts in the products ingredients. Significant (P0.05) changes of the fat and fatty acid content were observed in all treatments. Comparing the three prducts the highest increase in the price was observed in the spirulina bread samples

Aberrant iPSC-derived human astrocytes in Alzheimer's disease

The pathological potential of human astroglia in Alzheimer's disease (AD) was analysed in vitro using induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology. Here, we report development of a human iPSC-derived astrocyte model created from healthy individuals and patients with either early-onset familial AD (FAD) or the late-onset sporadic form of AD (SAD). Our chemically-defined and highly efficient model provides >95% homogeneous populations of human astrocytes within 30 days of differentiation from cortical neural progenitor cells (NPCs). All astrocytes expressed functional markers including; glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), excitatory amino acid transporter 1 (EAAT1), S100B and glutamine synthetase (GS) comparable to that of adult astrocytes in vivo. However, induced astrocytes derived from both SAD and FAD patients exhibit a pronounced pathological phenotype, with a significantly less complex morphological appearance, overall atrophic profiles, and abnormal localisation of key functional astroglial markers. Furthermore, NPCs derived from identical patients did not show any differences, therefore, validating that remodelled astroglia are not as a result of defective neuronal intermediates. This work not only presents a novel model to study the mechanisms of human astrocytes in vitro, but also provides an ideal platform for further interrogation of early astroglial cell-autonomous events in AD and the possibility of identification of novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of AD

The production of all-female in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) using indirect feminization

The sex reversal technique in fish is widespread in many countries. The development of these techniques is desirable because rainbow trout males reach their gonad maturity earlier compared to the females. Rainbow trout alevins were treated with 17α-methyltestosterone incorporated in the diet (0.5. 1.5, 3, 6 and 10 mg/kg) for 60 days from the beginning of first feeding. Sex was determined at 180 and 680 dpf by sampling fish (n = 20) from each group and examining gross gonadal morphology under a dissecting microscope. Also sex reversal ratio and growth performance were determined in hormone-treated groups. These sex reversed functional males were reared for brood stock until they attained sexual maturity. At the end of experiment, normal rainbow trout eggs were fertilized with the sperms taken from sex reversed males for producing all-female populations. Examination of the results showed that 17α- methyltestosterone was effective in all treatment. The highest sex reversal ratio with 100% was observed in group treated with 0.5, 1.5 and 3 mg/kg 17α- methyltestosterone. The highest live weight ratios were observed in groups fed with 6, 0.5 17α-methyltestosterone and control group. Female progeny produced from the sex reversed males were 100 % in all males that sired offspring. All female trout stocks produced by this method have advantage in rainbow trout culture since the fish is not meant for direct human consumption and is used to generate brood stock, therefore, difference of growth parameters do not influence the success

Development gene data bank of cultured shrimp species in Iran

DNA barcode is a short, standard well known sequence of cytochrome oxidase І gene. By using this DNA sequence can be realized that each animal, plant or fungus belongs to which species. in this research, samples were collected from imported cultured shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and and 6 Persian Gulf and Oman Sea shrimp species which classified based on traditional systematically as: Penaeus semisulcatus, Fenneropenaeus merguiensis, Metapenaeus affinis, Parapenaeopsis Stylifera and Fenneropenaeus indicus. After examination of DNA barcode sequence, molecular and bioinformatics operations of each sequence in the Consortium for the Barcode of Life (CBOL) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), phylogenetic analysis of each sample was determined and similarity of each sample with NCBI and CBOL database was checked and the closest species to each sample were specified. According to the results different samples of L. vannamei, . banded P.semisulcatus, F. merguiensis and F. indicus have more than 97% similarity to the same species of other countries. non banded P.semisulcatus had 80.07% similarity to banded P.semisulcatus, M. affinis samples had 90.3% similarity to Metapenaeus ensis and Parap. Stylifera had 93.44% similarity to Parapenaeopsis coromandelica in the CBOL. This funding confirmed the need for further investigation and possible announcement of new species