Structural Evolutions of Nanostructured CoAl Intermetallic Compound during Mechanical Alloying and Subsequent Heat Treatment

Nanostructured B2-CoAl has been successfully synthesized directly by MA of nominal composition of Co50Al50. The CoAl phase was found to be formed in an ordered structure via a gradual reaction which completed in less than 10 h. However, further milling up to 45 h led to disordering of the CoAl with a relatively constant long-range order parameter of 0.82. Lattice parameter measurements showed that disordering of CoAl was caused by triple defect mechanism. The results of isothermal annealing showed that the grains grew after isothermal annealing up to 0.7 Tm but still remained below 100 nm. The grain growth behavior was well described by the parabolic kinetics equation. The grain growth exponent remained constant above 873 K offering that grain growth mechanism does not change at high temperatures. The grain growth exponents and activation energies offered the mechanism of diffusing Co and Al atoms in the two separate sublattices at high temperatures. The equation 4 4 13 D D0 6 10 exp 175 RT t was suggested to describe the grain-growth kinetics of nano-crystalline CoAl during isothermal annealing at temperatures above 0.5Tm (873 K). When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3511

Effects of Indigenous Spore-Forming Probiotic as Feed Supplement on Performance and Safety in Broilers

ΔΕΝ ΔΙΑΤΙΘΕΤΑΙ ΠΕΡΙΛΗΨΗProbiotics colonize the intestine of animals and birds and provide useful effects on their performance and immune status. This study describes a high throughput screening and characterization of spore-forming bacteria from Iranian poultry farms with the aim to identify potential probiotic native Bacillus spp. and determine its effects on growth performance, hemato-biochemical parameters, immunity, intestinal microflora, morphology and MUC2 gene expression of broiler chickens. A total of 300 one-day-old female Ross 308 broilers (42.6 ± 0.6 g) were used in a 6-wk study. Broilers were randomly allotted to 1 of 3 dietary treatments consisting of 4 replicate cages with 25 broilers each: 1- Control (Corn-soy-based diet: C), 2- C + 200 g/ton of the GalliPro® (Bacillus subtilis DSM 17299, 4×109 CFU/g, as positive control group: PC), 3- C + 200 g/ton of the native probiotic (B. tequilensis K03, 4×109 CFU/g: NP) identified in this study. During the experiment parameters were measured weekly. The results revealed that birds of the NP and PC groups exhibited improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) and increased body weight (BW), carcass and breast meat yield compared with the birds of the C group (P<0.05). Also, lymphocytes level, antibody titers against Newcastle diseases virus (NDV) and infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) of vaccinated birds were increased, while serum triglycerides, total cholesterol levels and abdominal fat of birds fed NP and PC were decreased compared to birds of the C group (P<0.05). The villus height, the relative expression of MUC2 gene and Bacillus spp. populations were increased, while E. coli was significantly decreased in the ileum content of treated groups (P<0.05). These results indicate that the identified native B.tequilensis K03 strain can improve immunity and broiler performance by modifying intestinal microflora and morphology. Studied native probiotic Bacillus tequilensis K03 has useful effects on health status and it can be used as poultry feed supplement

Designing the customer (insurers) satisfaction model of the Iranian insurance industry emphasizing Iranian-Islamic characteristics

The present study aim was to designing a model to create satisfaction for insurers in the insurance industry of Iran (according to Iranian-Islamic characteristics). It should be noted that according to the methodology presented for this research, the approach of this research has been qualitative. The qualitative modeling process of this research, which was carried out in the grounded theory method, formed the conceptual model of research. The statistical population consisted of a group of experts. Also, in this research, a deep and unstructured interviewing tool was used to data collection. Finally, the results of the research led to the presentation of a model of satisfaction process for insurers in the insurance industry of Iran (according to Iranian- Islamic characteristics). In terms of purpose, this research is applied, in terms of method is qualitative and in terms of approach is survey-exploration.Keywords: Customer Satisfaction, Insurance Industry, Grounded Theory (GT

Growth, survival and stress resistance of tiger barb (Puntius tetrazona) larvae fed on linseed oil-enriched Artemia franciscana nauplii

Effect of feeding on linseed oil (LO)-enriched Artemia was investigated on growth, survival and stress resistance of tiger barb (Puntius tetrazona) larvae. Larvae were fed by LO-enriched (2.5, 5 and 7.5%) as well as non-enriched Artemia nauplii for 14 d, followed by 14 d feeding on non-enriched Artemia. Fish fed on enriched nauplii showed significant increase in growth performance at both 14th and 28th d. Also, fish fed on enriched Artemia, especially those fed on 7.5% LO, showed greater resistance in response to osmotic and hypoxia stress at 28th d. The results suggest that LO enriched Artemia nauplii are capable to promote growth and stress response in tiger barb larvae

Evaluation of effects of physico-chemical factors on chlorophyll-a in Shadegan International Wetland - Khouzestan Province - Iran

Measurement of chlorophyll-a can be considered important to investigate the primary production of an ecosystem. This study aimed to investigate chlorophyll-a concentration, primary production and the factors affecting them in Shadegan Wetland located in Khouzestan Province - Iran. Sampling for measuring (NO3, PO4, BOD5, DO, pH, EC, salinity, temperature) was performed seasonally at five sampling stations of the wetland (Canal, Ragbeh, Khoroosi, Mahshahr and Atish), from March 2013 – through February 2014. Results showed that chlorophyll-a concentrations in Canal station were significantly higher than that in the other stations; however, there were no significant differences among the other sampling stations (p>0.05). The maximum and minimum primary production (and chlorophyll-a) (62, 1.14 mg/m^3) were observed at Canal and Ragbeh stations, respectively. Annual average chlorophyll-a concentration was 10.28 mg/m^3, and there was no significant seasonal difference (p>0.05). The maximum value of chlorophyll-a was observed in the fall (29.63 mg/m^3), whereas, the minimum value was related to the spring (4.07 mg/m^3). Among the water physicochemical parameters, nitrate had a significant effect on chlorophyll-a concentrations. According to trophic state index (TSI), Shadegan Wetland is mesotrophic in the spring and winter, whereas it is eutrophic in the summer and fall. Overall, the lake is suitable for warm water species

Age structure and growth rate of (Squalius cephalus Linnaeus, 1758) in Tuji tributary from Talar River, Mazandaran Province

A structure and growth pattern of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758) in Tuji tributary of Talar River, Mazandaran Province, was studied during the period from August 2008 till August 2009. In total, 298 fish were caught by electrofishing and fixed in 10% formalin. The weight and length of fish were measured and the age was determinated by scallometric method. The age data showed that fishes were between 0+ to 4+ age groups. Pauli`s applied growth pattern showed a positive alometric for male and female and total fish and a negative isometric for unmature fishes. The average instantaneous growth rate of European Chub showed that the age groups 2+ and 3+ with 1.1 had the fastest growth compare to 3+ and 4+ age groups with 0.89. Condition factor of specimens showed that the highest one with 1.58 (r2 = 0.983) belong to females and the lowest with 1.17 (r2 = 0.901) belong to unmature fishes. The total sex ratio (123 males to 115 females) showed no significant differences between them

Investigation of Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus and Fe Interaction on some Physiological Characteristics of Tomato in Greenhouse Conditions

Introduction  Tomato, scientifically known as Solanum lycopersicum L., belongs to the Solanaceae family and is susceptible to various diseases, resulting in reduced yield. Among the diseases, the Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), which belongs to the Tospovirus genus and Bunyaviridae family, causes significant damage to tomato crops and other greenhouse plants. Therefore, it is crucial to find ways to increase plant resistance and control viral infections. One effective method is through proper plant nutrition, which can enhance plant resistance by balancing fertilizer consumption and nutrient supply. Iron (Fe) is an essential element for plants and plays a significant role in increasing their tolerance to various stresses. In Order to evaluate the interaction effects of Tomato spotted wilt virus and Fe on some biochemical traits of Mobil and RioGrand tomato cultivars, a study was conducted in Birjand Faculty of Agriculture. Materials and Methods  Experiment in a Random complete design with greenhouse conditions, with 3 replications and 4 treatments Done. Experimental factors include cultivar with two levels (Mobil cultivar and Rio Grand cultivar) and Fe foliar application in the presence of virus with these three (zero, 1.5 and three milliliter of Fe fertilizer per liter of water). First, two varieties of RioGrand and Mobil tomato seeds were prepared and planted in seedlings. Then, in the two-leaf stage, they were transferred to pots filled with sterile soil and kept in greenhouse conditions. After seedling establishment, the first foliar application of Fe fertilizer was done and in the five to seven leaf stage, the virus was inoculated on all leaves. Then, the second stage of fertilizer was applied 10 days after the first fertilizer and finally, after the last stage of foliar application, the samples were transferred to the laboratory. In Order to accurately investigate the effect of Fe on important plant factors, extracts were taken from the samples. Then, the amount of antioxidants, carbohydrates, Flavonoids, Chlorophyll (a, b and total chlorophyll) and phenol was measured. Finally, the final data analysis was performed using SAS statistical software. Results  The results showed that the simple effect of cultivar on the amount of phenol and flavonoids was significant at the level of one percent and the highest amount of phenol was recorded in Mobil cultivar and the highest amount of flavonoids was recorded in RioGrand cultivar. The effect of treatments on chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll index and antioxidant enzymes was significant at the level of 1% probability and carbohydrate content at the level of 5% probability. The results showed that feeding Fe at a concentration of 1.5 milliliter had a favorable effect on carbohydrate content and increased its amount in infected plants compared to control plants. This Increase effect may be useful for improving tolerance in a variety of tomatoes. According to the results, an increase in foliar application concentration to 3 milliliters led to a decrease in carbohydrate levels. Mechanical inoculation with a positive sample of the virus resulted in plant contamination. However, virus infection increased carbohydrate and antioxidant enzyme levels in tomatoes. The effect of cultivar on treatment was only significant in the amount of antioxidant enzymes at a one percent probability level, with the Mobil cultivar showing the highest response to virus infection treatment. Therefore, it can be concluded that a concentration of 1.5 milliliters of Fe fertilizer could be effective in increasing carbohydrate levels, as well as utilizing enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant components to prevent viral penetration to some extent and reduce symptoms, particularly in the Mobile cultivar. However, the RioGrand cultivar produced less antioxidant components. Different cultivars of the same plant species have been reported to have varying responses to different types of infections, such as viruses, fungi, and bacteria. These differences are attributed to genetic variations among cultivars, which leads to different resistance mechanisms. Conclusion  The final results showed that in the early stages of greenhouse tomato growth, Fe nutrition had an effect on the biochemical properties of the plant and had a positive effect on some traits. In total, Fe fertilizer with a concentration of 1.5 milliliter increased carbohydrates in plants infected with Tomato spotted wilt virus and together with phenol and antioxidants affected the spread of the virus, especially in Mobil cultivar

Developing project portfolio management model for innovation projects using grounded theory: a case of Iran’s power industry

The aim of the article. Survival in a dynamic competitive environment often requires consistent produce of successful new product and services; therefore, implementing an effective Project Portfolio Management (PPM) in the organization can improve innovation decisions and outcomes of new products, thereby lead to higher competitive advantage. This Paper aims at discovering the causal relationship of Innovation Project Portfolio Management (IPPM) performance. The results of the analysis. Qualitative research design was chosen for this study and through using semi-structured and in-depth interviews with 24 experts in five Iranian organizations producing equipment of the power industry, we use a grounded theory approach to develop a general model of what drives IPPM in detail and how these causes are related to effects on both project performance and business performance. According to the findings from these qualitative data, effective IPPM is the result of three areas of capabilities: IPPM Process, IPPM structure, IPPM people. These causal relationships are moderated by project context. Also the findings show that performance of IPPM consist of an integrated elements of Strategic alignment, portfolio balance, resource fit and value maximization. In the other hand, IPPM performance has influences on project performance and business performance. Finally, a set of propositions regarding the key performance drivers of IPPM were developed. Conclusions and directions of further researches. In conclusion, this study contributes new insights to the emerging research on IPPM. While most IPPM literature is still a theoretical, this paper develops IPPM in the context of the Iran's power industry. The qualitative research design used in this paper was appropriate for gaining an in-depth understanding how the IPPM capabilities and project context, and certain performance constructs are linked to each other. Our interviews revealed the importance of integrating model consist of the IPPM capabilities and project context. This study reveals potential relationships between identified independent and dependent constructs aiming to sophistically extend the current knowledge of IPPM. Consequently, this paper provides a framework for future empirical research in other industries in developing countries, which will potentially have significant implications for academia and managerial practice