Sensor Data Fusion Using Mutual Information Algorithm

Traffic flow prediction is one of the congestion avoidance methods in highways. According to previous studies, no comprehensive model has been proposed for traffic flow prediction which can prevent congestion in many different traffic conditions. Using data fusion to reduce prediction error is an interesting idea to solve this problem. In this paper, a new hybrid algorithm based on mutual information for traffic flow prediction will be proposed and compared with various types of previous hybrid algorithms and predictors. The Mutual Information (MI) algorithm is used to calculate the interdependency of data, so we expect this new hybrid algorithm to have high precision in comparison with others. Simulations will be implemented based on real data in MATLAB environment as a performance demonstration of new hybrid algorithm. Due to variety of traffic flow, performance investigations of our new hybrid algorithm will be done in presence of polluted traffic data in different climatic conditions such as rain/snow fall or other traffic conditions like congestions and accidents on the road, indicating robustness of this algorithm to different types of noisy dat

Multilingual children’s imaginative worlds and their language use: A chronotopic analysis

Aims and objectives: This study applies the notion of chronotope as an analytical tool to explore the role of globalization, immigration, and transnationalism in shaping multilingual children’s awareness and use of semiotic resources in changing social contexts. Design/methodology/approach: This study is a part of an ongoing collaborative autoethnography (CAE), in which the data come from the second author’s cross-cultural transnational family and are shared with the first author for a collaborative interpretation and analysis. Data and analysis: Data were collected through recording the observations of language practices of a nine-year-old girl in a transnational family, including her plays on her own or with her peers in and outside the home. An ethnographically grounded discourse-analytic approach was employed in analyzing the data. Findings/conclusions: Despite rich linguistic and cultural repertoire, the child situated English on a higher scale level in a hierarchically layered system, and she found imaginative play as a space in which she could explore not only linguistic repertoire but also certain cultural chronotopes. She also demonstrated her awareness of and skills in drawing on variation within the English language to index certain social personae. Originality: The originality of the study lies, first, in the uniqueness of the case being in an Indian-Iranian multilingual transnational family and, second, in the unique methodology—using chronotopes as a theoretical and analytic tool to analyze audio-recorded interactions in a multilingual child’s imaginative plays. Significance/implications: The study has implications for our understanding of how children pick up indexical meanings of linguistic choices and reproduce them in their imaginative worlds. It also sheds light on how language ideologies and practices reproduced by children may result in hierarchization and power difference between linguistic varieties.publishedVersio

Family language policy in retrospect: Narratives of success and failure in an Indian–Iranian transnational family

In this study, we investigate family language policy in a transnational family through a collaborative autoethnography. Following the theoretical underpinnings of family language policy (Spolsky in J Multiling Multicult Dev 31:3–11, 2012), we present parental language beliefs, management, and practices in retrospect to shine a light on the long-term impact of the family’s language policy on their daughter’s linguistic development in heritage languages (i.e., Persian and Hindi) and English. The components of the family language policy in this cross-cultural transnational family are sketched in the second author’s narratives of her experiences of multilingual childrearing and heritage language maintenance. We engage with, and critique, recent family language scholarship that apply postmodernist lens to examine families’ translingual use of languages at home to get by their daily life, showing how having failed to set boundaries between the home/heritage languages and English over the past nine years has resulted in their child’s predominant proficiency in English. We argue that such failure has its roots in parents’ own past lived, and future imagined, experiences, as well as language ideologies that are polycentric and scaled, the consequences of which concern emotional, linguistic, cultural and social frictions across generations. Drawing on the narratives of success and failure in the family, we call for critical adoption of translingual frameworks in examining family language policy paying careful attention to the long-term impact of such practices at home on children’s linguistic development.publishedVersio

Study on hydrophobic modification of basil seed gum-based (BSG) films by octenyl succinate anhydride (OSA)

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the changes in the characteristics of basil (Ocimum bacilicum L.) seed gum (BSG) films after modification with octenyl succinate anhydride (OSA) at different OSA:BSG weight ratios (WRs) of 0, 0.01 and 0.03. HPLC analysis revealed that the amount of added OS groups was 0%, 0.28%, and 1.01%, respectively. The introduction of OS groups along the BSG backbone was also confirmed by FT-IR and NMR analysis. XRD results revealed no significant change of physical state after modification. The contact angle (i.e., hydrophobicity) of modified BSG films was higher than that of control film. A decrease in the film solubility in water (29%) and water vapor permeability (50%), but an increase in density (14.28%) and opacity (21.37%) was observed after modification at the WR of 0.03. Also, the results showed that modification with OSA had no significant influence on the film thickness, moisture content and color properties. BSG modification with OSA at the WR of 0.03 significantly increased the flexibility and ultimate strength of respective films. The results of this study showed that OSA-modified BSG is a good candidate for developing edible films and coating with relatively high resistance to water

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EARLY ATTACHMENT AND MARITAL SATISFACTION IN EARLY ADULTHOOD

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between early attachment and marital satisfaction. Whereas partner attachment has been found to be related to marital satisfaction, little research has examined the relationship of early attachment to marital satisfaction. It was hypothesized that early attachment would impact the three components of marital satisfaction, i.e., communication, sexual satisfaction, and love/partner attachment in early adulthood. Participants were 35 male and 119 female college students ages 18 to 40 years (M = 27 yrs), who completed a questionnaire comprised of Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS) (Spanier, 1976), the sexual satisfaction subscale from the ENRICH measure (Olson, Fournier, & Druckman, 1983), the Communications Patterns Questionnaire (CPQ) (Christensen & Sullaaway, 1984), the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA), (Armsden & Greenberg, 1987), and the Experience in Close Relationships ‑Revised (ECR ‑R) Questionnaire (Fraley, Waller, & Brennan, 2000). Results supported the hypothesized relationship between early attachment and marital satisfaction as early attachment was found to have a direct effect on partner attachment and an indirect effect on communication and sexual satisfaction. The results of this study suggest that early secure interactions between a child and caregiver promotes adult partner attachment, which in turn impacts marital satisfaction

Morphological development and allometric growth patterns of Acipenser persicus Borodin, 1897 (Actinopterygii, Acipenseridae) during early development

Morphological development and allometric growth patterns of reared Persian sturgeon, Acipenser persicus, were studied from hatching to 50 days post-hatching (dph). The larvae were sampled, their left sides photographed and seven morphometric characters, including total length, head length, tail length, trunk length, snout length, caudal peduncle and predorsal length were measured. Allometric growth patterns were calculated as a power function of total length and described using the growth coefficient to find important steps in early life history. The total length of the newly hatched larvae and fry were 10.59±0.8 and 38.8±2.9 mm at 1 and 50 dph, respectively. Morphogenesis and differentiation were the highest rates during the first 11 days of early development, i.e. endogenous feeding period. There were higher growth rate of head, snout and tail regions compared with those of other organs from the hatch up to yolk sac absorption, followed by positive or almost isometric patterns, after the begin of exogenous feeding, showing priority to enhance the feeding and swimming capabilities. This study confirmed that most of morphological changes of this species are occurred from hatching until the onset of exogenous feeding i.e. during the lecithotrophic phase

Traffic Flow Prediction Using MI Algorithm and Considering Noisy and Data Loss Conditions: An Application to Minnesota Traffic Flow Prediction

Traffic flow forecasting is useful for controlling traffic flow, traffic lights, and travel times. This study uses a multi-layer perceptron neural network and the mutual information (MI) technique to forecast traffic flow and compares the prediction results with conventional traffic flow forecasting methods. The MI method is used to calculate the interdependency of historical traffic data and future traffic flow. In numerical case studies, the proposed traffic flow forecasting method was tested against data loss, changes in weather conditions, traffic congestion, and accidents. The outcomes were highly acceptable for all cases and showed the robustness of the proposed flow forecasting method

A brief overview of cellular and molecular mechanisms of osseointegration

Osteointegration is one of the most studied issues and is considered as one of the most evaluated cases in implantology. It is important for implantologists to have an in-depth understanding of what exist in the bone-implant interface. It is a treatment plan that is compatible with standards and provides a better clinical forecast. The present study is a comprehensive review from all that have been conducted regarding various aspects of osteointegration