Effect of ethanolic and watery extract of aerial parts of stachys lavandulifolia on trichomonas vaginalis, in vitro

Background: Trichomonas vaginalis is the most common curable sexually transmitted disease world wide. In view of increased resistance of the parasite to classical drugs of the metronidazole family, the need for new unrelated agents is increasing. In Charmahal va bakhtiare province Stachys lavandulifolia traditionally used for vaginal infection. Objective: The study evaluates anti trichmonas activity of of ethanolic and watery extract of aerial parts Stachys lavandulifolia. Methods: This study has been carried out as double blind in test and control groups. Etanolic and watery were extracted by hydro distillations. The parasite was isolated from vagina. Sample were collected from vaginal discharges of six patients and cultured in laboratory. Identification were done through direct smear preparation, parasite was added to the 9 test tubes containing metronidazole, etanolic and watery extraction of Stachys lavandulifolia with concentration of (10, 50, 100, 200, 500 and l000μL/ml) order to determine the effect of these concentration within 72 hours. Results: finding suggested that the Trichomonas vaginalis could be alive in TYIS-33, watery and ethanolic extraction within 72 hours. In presence of metronidazole for no alive parasite was detected after 72 hours. Number of parasite in TYIS-33, watery (10, 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1000μg/ml) and ethanolic extraction (10, 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1000μg/ml) and ethanol was 1504, 1504, 100, 1304, <100, 577 respectively. Conclusion: Finding demonstrates further studies are required of of Stachys lavandulifolia to evaluate its microbicidal activity against other sexually transmitted infection

Hydatid Cyst Protoscolices Induce Cell Death in WEHI-164 Fibrosarcoma Cells and Inhibit the Proliferation of Baby Hamster Kidney Fibroblasts In Vitro

Both in vitro and in vivo models have demonstrated that some parasites can interfere with tumor cell growth. The present study investigates the anticancer activity of hydatid cyst protoscolices on WEHI-164 fibrosarcoma cells and baby hamster kidney (BHK) fibroblast cells in vitro. Those above two cell types were treated with live hydatid cyst protoscolices or left untreated for control groups. After 48 h, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and cell counts were assayed for both treated cells and control groups. Following treatment with hydatid cyst protoscolices, cell proliferation of both cell types was inhibited, and lysis of fibrosarcoma cells increased. Based on these results, it appears that hydatid cyst protoscolices have strong anticancer activity, and additional studies are needed to further clarify the mechanisms of this activity

Development of a Latex Agglutination Test as a Simple and Rapid Method for Diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis Infection.

Trichomoniasis is a worldwide infection and due to its complications rapid and accurate diagnosis of infection especially in pregnant women is very important. In this study, development of a latex agglutination test using native antigens for rapid diagnosis of trichomoniasis is investigated. Trichomonas vaginalis was harvested from TYIS33 culture medium and anti Trichomonas vaginalis antiserum was raised in rabbits. Salt precipitation method was used for antibody purification. Polyesteren latex particles coated with purified antibody and used for detection of Trichomonas vaginalis. Clinical samples of vaginal discharge were collected from 500 women and examined for Trichomonas vaginalis by using wet mount, culture and latex agglutination tests. Sensitivity and specificity of latex test was determined considering culture as golden standard. Sensitivity and specificity of latex agglutination test was 100% and 81% and those of wet mount were 33.3% and 100%, respectively. Positive and negative predictive values of latex agglutination test were 6% and 100%, respectively. Due to inconvenient sensitivity and specificity of the latex agglutination test developed in this study, further work is recommended to improve the test

Molecular diagnosis of Old World leishmaniasis: Real-time PCR based on tryparedoxin peroxidase gene for the detection and identification of Leishmania spp

Background & objectives: Rapid and accurate diagnosis and identification of Leishmania sp causing cutaneous leishmaniasis is crucial in control and therapeutic programs. The problem of diagnosis with traditional methods is that they have a low sensitivity or time consuming but molecular techniques would be an alternative method for rapid and accurate diagnosis. In this work, tryparedoxine peroxidase gene-based real-time PCR was used for accurate identification of Leishmania spp causing Old-World cutaneous leishmaniasis. Methods: In this study, biopsies of specimens were taken from the ulcerative sites in 100 patients and used for direct microscopy, culture in NNN or fixed in alcohol for identification of Leishmania spp using tryparedoxin peroxidase gene-based realtime PCR (qPCR). Results: Using direct microscopy and culture method, Leishmania parasites were isolated from 68 out of 100 patient samples. However, 13 patients with negative finding on traditional tests, had positive results on RT-PCR test. After melting curve analysis of PCR product, Leishmania major in 75 and L. tropica in 4 cases were identified. The sensitivity and specificity of RT-PCR for diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis was 98.7 and 59.8%, respectively. Conclusion: Results of this study showed that RT-PCR was the most sensitive diagnostic test for cutaneous leishmaniasis and represents a tool for rapid species identification

EFFECTS OF EUCALYPTUS CAMALDULENSIS EXRACTS ON TRICHIMONAS VAGINALIS GROWTH IN VITRO

Background: Trichimonas vaginalis is a flagellate protozoon that causes trichomoniasis. Metronidazole which is drug of choice for treatment of this infection has many side effects so the patients are unsatisfied with its using, so it is necessary to seek for alternative drugs. Eucalyptus camaldulensis herb with strong anti-microbial affects is considered as an alternative drug. Objectives: Investigating the effect of Eucalyptus camaldulensis as an alternative drug Trichomonas vaginalis in vitro. Methods: Eucalyptus camaldulensis extraction was prepared using perculasion method. In test tubes containing parasite culture medium different concentrations of the plant extract were added. In other test tubes metronidazole or extract solvent as controls were added. 100 live Trichomonas vaginalis added to each tube and all tubes kept in 37oC and tested for presence of the parasite every 24 hours up to 72 hours. For this purpose 10 microliter of each tube examined under microscope. Results: in tubes with higher concentration of Eucalyptus camaldulensis extract and also in tube containing metronidazole no parasite was observed. In negative control tubes parasite had a normal growth. Conclusion: According to results of this study Eucalyptus camaldulensis extract had strong effects on Trichomonas vaginalis growth. Further investigation is recommended to use this plant as alternative drug for treatment of trichomoniasis

Comparative Clinical Trial of Mebendazole, Praziquantel and Metronidazole in Treatment of Human Giardiasis

Background: Giardia lamblia is a common intestinal parasite associated with social or personal problems. Giardiasis is distributed all over the world; however, the infection is more prevalent in developing countries. Metronidazole is now considered as a drug of choice for giardiasis treatment. The increasing number of reports of refractory cases as well as side effects of this drug resulted in establishment of more investigation for new compounds. Methods: In a randomized clinical trial, 90 Giardia lambilia infected cases, aged 2-30 years and each proven to be infected with Giardia lambilia by the microscopical examination of fecal sample, were randomly allocated to 3 groups. Group 1 was given metronidazole with three daily 20 mg/kg doses for 7 days. Group 2 and 3 were seperately given mebendazole and praziquantel, with single 60 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg doses, respectively, and Parasitological cure was documented when stool examination for Giardia lambilia was negative for 3 times within 7–10 days after therapy. Results: Seventeen of 30 patients treated with praziquantel, 15 of 30 patients (50%) treated with mebendazole and 28 of 30 individuals (93%) treated with metronidazole had negative stool examination results. There was not a significant difference between cure rates of praziquantel and mebendazole (P>0.05), while this difference between these two drugs and metronidazole was significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Mebendazole and praziquantel were not as effective as metronidazole in the treatment of Giardiasis

Molecular characterization of the strains cause sheep-Hydatid cyst, in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiary province using restriction fragment length polymorphism

چکیده: زمینه و هدف: کیست هیداتیک مرحله لاروی کرم اکینوکوکوس گرانولوزوس از رده سستودهاست که در بدن انسان و تعدادی از پستانداران ایجاد بیماری اکینوکوکوزیس می نماید. استرین های متفاوتی تاکنون از این انگل در دنیا گزارش شده که این تنوع استرینها ممکن است بر اپیدمیولوژی و بیماریزائی کیست هیداتیک اثر بگذارد. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی استرین های ایزوله‌های گوسفندی در استان چهارمحال و بختیاری با استفاده از روش PCR-RFLP (Polymerase Chain Reaction- Restriction Fragment Lengh Polymorphism) بود. روش بررسی: بدین منظور تعداد 30 نمونه کیست هیداتیک با منشاء گوسفندی در سال 1383 از کشتارگاههای سراسر استان جمع آوری گردید. پس از استخراج DNA ژنومی پروتواسکولکسهای کیست هیداتیک با استفاده از روش فنل کلروفرم، ناحیه rDNA-ITS1 (ribosomal DNA-Internal Transcriibed Spacer1) هر کدام از ایزوله ها با استفاده از پرایمرهای (Forward) BDI،s 4 (Reverse) تکثیر گردید. سپس محصولات بدست آمده توسط چهار آنزیم Taq1, HpaII, Rsa1, Alu1 هضم گردید و محصولات PCR و هضم آنزیمی با استفاده از ژل پلی اکریل آمید الکتروفورز و توسط روش نیترات نقره رنگ آمیزی شد. یافته ها: طبق نتایج بدست آمده اندازه قطعه rDNA-ITS1 تکثیر یافته، bp1000 بود. پس از هضم آنزیمی با آنزیمALu1 ، قطعاتی با اندازه bp800 و bp200 با آنزیم RSal قطعاتی با اندازه bp655 و bp 345 و آنزیم HpaII قطعات با اندازه bp700 و bp 300 بدست آمد. با استفاده از آنزیم Taq1 تغییری در اندازه حاصل نشد و قطعه با اندازه bp 1000 در الکتروفورز مشاهده شد. نتیجه گیری: نتایج بدست آمده نشان دادند که سویه گوسفندی کیست هیداتیک غالب در استان چهارمحال و بختیاری ژنوتیپ G1 است که مطابق با سویه شایع ایران و جهان می باشد

Title: Effects of hydatid cyst antigen on Hella cells in vitro

زمینه و هدف: شیوع کیست هیداتیک در بیمارانی که به سرطان مبتلا هستند در مقایسه با جمعیت سالم پایین تر است. در این مطالعه اثر آنتی ژن های دفعی ترشحی، مایع کیست هیداتیک و آنتی ژن خام بر روی رشد سلول های سرطانی هلا بررسی شده است. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه تجربی آنتی ژن های دفعی ترشحی، مایع کیست هیداتیک و آنتی ژن خام از کیست های هیداتید تهیه و فرکشن های آنها با استفاده از سولفات آمونیوم جدا سازی شدند. این آنتی ژن ها به سلول های هلا اضافه شده و به مدت 48 ساعت انکوبه گردیدند. تعداد سلول های زنده و مرده در مقایسه با فلاسک کنترل شمارش شد و با استفاده از نرم افزار آماری SPSS و آزمون Jonckheere–Terpstra Test آنالیز شدند و 05/0P< معنی دار در نظر گرفته شد. . نتایج: در سلول هایی که با فرکشن های آنتی ژن های دفعی ترشحی، مایع کیست هیداتیک و آنتی ژن خام تیمار شده بودند هر سه فرکشن در مقایسه با فلاسک شاهد به صورت معنی داری باعث کاهش رشد سلول های سرطانی شدند و فرکشن آنتی ژن خام به صورت معنی داری باعث مرگ سلول های سرطانی گردید. نتیجه گیری: آنتی ژن های مختلف کیست هیداتیک باعث مرگ سلولی در سلول های هلا می شوند؛ لذا پیشنهاد می گردد در مورد خاصیت ضد سرطانی این آنتی ژن ها تحقیقات بیشتری صورت گیرد

Molecular Study of Gardnerella vaginalis Isolated from Vaginal Discharge of Women Referring to Gynecology Clinics in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Iran, in 2017

Background: vaginal infections are common among women referring to gynecological clinics worldwide, but treatment modali-ties cannot provide complete remission of the disease. Laboratory diagnosis of vaginal infections using more sensitive and specific methods is essential for the best treatment options. Objectives: In this study, diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis (BV) using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was investigated. Methods: vaginal samples were collected from 635 symptomatic women referring to gynecology clinics in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Iran, in 2017. All samples were then diagnosed using microscopy, culture, and PCR methods. Results: Of 635 symptomatic women, 200 cases (31.4%) were diagnosed with BV according to the culture method using the PCR method. However, 3.9% of samples who were negative based on the culture method, were diagnosed to have BV based on PCR results. Conclusions: PCR is more sensitive than culture and microscopy methods for the diagnosis of BV

Effect of Chaerophyllum macropodum extracts on Trichomonas vaginalis in vitro

Introduction: Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis) is a protozoan parasite causing trichomoniasis or trichomonal vaginitis. The infection is considered as non-viral sexually transmitted disease (STD). Metronidazole and Tinidazole are now the drugs of choice for the treatment of this infection. However, resistant to these drugs has also been reported. So it is necessary to search for effective alternative drugs with fewer side effects. Chaerophyllum macropodum (C. macropodum) plant have been used against some parasites. Therefore, in this study the effects of different extracts of this plant on T. vaginalis in culture media have been investigated. Methods: In this experimental study hydro-ethanol extracts of C. macropodum leaves were prepared. Anti-T. vaginalis activities of the extracts were tested in concentrations of 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 40, 50, 60, 80, 100 and 150 mg/ml following 24, 48 and 72 hours of incubation of cultured media. Results: All extract concentrations showed some degrees of growth inhibition activity on T. vaginalis. However crude extract was more efficient. Conclusion: C. macropodum showed an anti-T. vaginalis activity. More investigations are recommended to use this plant as an antiparasitic drug