Soren Kierkegaard's Leap of Faith: political implications

Soren Kierkegaard, as one of the leading anti-philosophers of the school of existentialism, employs an ironic and groundbreaking approach to find fault with rationalism, abstract thinking, heteronomy, ethics and pluralism developed from the ideas of thinkers such as Kant and Hegel. Instead of valuing society, government, and conventional ethical and moral norms, he supports de-familiarization, creativity, autonomy, activity, individuality, and singularity. Kierkegaard argues that there are three stages on life’s way or three spheres of existence on the path to self-realization. He believes that the highest realm of human life is the religious sphere in which Abraham, as a believer in the realm of faith, decides to sacrifice his son Isaac to God with the aim of saving his agency, individuality and singularity from the clutches of moral, governmental and public systems. Kierkegaard argues that the leap of faith is making a decision in the very moment of madness, and considers it as a kind of gambling and risk-taking. He believes that faith is a belief in the impossibility, irrationality and paradoxicality. In this sense of faith, on the one hand, Abraham is willing to obey God’s command regarding the sacrifice of Isaac, and on the other hand, he believes in his heart that Isaac will be returned to him in this material world by God’s command. The present paper, accordingly, examines the following hypothesis: Although Kierkegaard is against the official government policy based on sovereignty and pluralism, his leap of faith, which implies standing on the boundaries and suspending the moral and the general, can lead to the emergence of a political event and, consequently, the birth of an active and autonomous subject

The Relevance of Meditative Thinking and Politics in Heidegger’ Thinking

With no exaggeration, Martin Heidegger is one of the most prominent thinkers of the twentieth century, who critically examines the 2,500-year history of the West as a manifestation of subjectivism and technological rationality, and places his efforts on the foundation of the paradigm of knowledge. The modern world collapsed and turned to ontology. The premise of this paper is based on the principle that if modern politics is based on the will to power, the gap between subject and object, and the dominance of technological rationality, Heidegger intends to break away from politics by turning from epistemology to ontology. Based on the relationship between master and slavery of the modern world, and introduce a policy based on ontology, which ensures the elimination of the gap between subject and object and the openness of man to himself, the world and the other

Comparing Martin Heidegger’s and Ali Shariati’s Views of Technology

As one of the most prominent thinkers of the twentieth century, Martin Heidegger has made fundamental criticisms of the subjectivism of the modern world. He critically examines the 2,500-year history of the West as a manifestation of metaphysical rationality. Heidegger contrasts with the Cartesian and Kantian calculus thinking, the profound thinking based on the metaphysics of the carpenter. Heidegger believes that with Descartes as the creator of the paradigm of modernity, subjectivism is spreading in the world. One of the inevitable consequences of the supremacy of subjectivism is the dominance of technological rationality over the world. For Heidegger, technology is not a mere tool; instead, it is a special kind of development and way of thinking that imposes its possessive and calculating logic on everything and everyone. In other words, in the paradigm of knowledge of the modern foundation, existence is manifested technologically, which has created a special kind of rationality called technological rationality. The premise of this article is based on the fact that although Ali Shariati, as a critic of the modern world, criticizes scientism and mechanism, his critique of technology and mechanism is more political and sociological. Also, like Heidegger, he never could critique the philosophical, theological, and ontological subjectivism and technological rationality of the modern world

Comparison the effect of low glycemic index diet with healthy nutritional recommendations based diet on obese adolescent girls

زمینه و هدف: هر چند مطالعات بسیاری به ارزیابی تأثیر نمایه گلیسمی بر چربی خون در بزرگسالان پرداخته اند، اما اطلاعات در این زمینه برای کودکان و نوجوانان محدود است. هدف این تحقیق مقایسه اثرات رژیم غذایی با نمایه گلیسمی پایین (LGI) با رژیم غذایی مبتنی بر توصیه های تغذیه سالم (HNR) بر سطح فراسنج های لیپیدی و آپولیپوپروتئین ها در نوجوانان دختر مبتلا به اضافه وزن و چاقی بود. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه کارآزمایی بالینی تصادفی شده پنجاه دختر سالم چاق یا دارای اضافه وزن و با وضعیت بلوغ یکسان بطور تصادفی در یکی از دو گروه رژیم غذایی LGI و رژیم غذایی مبتنی بر HNR قرار گرفتند. افراد هر دو گروه، رژیم غذایی با ترکیب مشابهی از درشت مغذی ها (56-53 کربوهیدرات، 18-16 پروتئین و 30-27 چربی) دریافت و مصرف نمودند. ارزیابی های بیوشیمیایی شامل تری گلیسیرید (TG)، کلسترول تام (TC)، لیپوپروتئین با دانسیته پایین (LDL)، لیپوپروتئین با دانسیته بالا (HDL)، آپولیپوپروتئین های A (Apo A) و B (Apo B) و لیپوپروتئین (a) (Lpa) یک بار در ابتدا و یک بار در انتهای مطالعه انجام شد. مقایسه مقادیر قبل و بعد در هر گروه با آزمون t زوجی و مقایسه تغییرات مشاهده شده در دو گروه با آزمون t مستقل در نرم افزار SPSS انجام شد. یافته ها: نمایه گلیسمی در گروه رژیم غذایی LGI کمتر از 50 بود (67/1 ± 67/42). میانگین نمایه توده بدنی در گروه LGI برابر 55/0 ± 97/27 متر بر مجذور قد و در گروه HNR برابر 01/1 ± 82/28 متر بر مجذور قد بود. میانگین سن در افراد گروه HNR از افراد گروه LGI به طور معنی داری بالاتر بود (27/0 ± 98/13 در مقابل 21/0 ± 18/13، 031/0=P). مقادیر متغیرهای بیوشیمیایی در ابتدا و انتهای مطالعه در بین دو گروه با یکدیگر تفاوتی نداشت. درصد تغییرات شاخص های چربی خون در بین گروه LGI و HNR نشان دهنده عدم وجود تفاوت معنی دار در تغییرات TG (به ترتیب 20/17± 90/27 و 53/10 ± 15/6؛ 274/0=P)، TC (به ترتیب 49/4 ± 58/5 و 63/3 ± 65/0-، 283/0=P)، HDL (به ترتیب 05/4 ± 20/1 و 07/3 ± 77/1-، 556/0=P)، LDL (به ترتیب 52/4 ± 35/4 و 32/3 ± 24/2-، 225/0=P)، Apo A (به ترتیب 73/5 ± 18/0- و 19/5 ± 37/9-؛ 242/0=P)، Apo B (به ترتیب 22/7±24/10 و 40/7±73/6؛ 738/0=P) و Lpa (به ترتیب 13/40 ±71/57 و 24/47 ± 18/97، 676/0=P) در بین دو گروه بود. نتیجه گیری: رژیم غذایی با نمایه گلیسمی پایین در مقایسه با رژیم غذایی مبتنی بر توصیه های تغذیه سالم تاثیر مفیدی در چربی خون ندارد

The effects of oral sodium bicarbonate supplementation on anthropometric measures in patients with chronic kidney disease:A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials

Abstract Metabolic acidosis (MA) may play a key role in the pathogenesis of protein‐energy wasting (PEW) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). To present a comprehensive synthesis of the effect of oral sodium bicarbonate (SB) supplementation on anthropometric measures in patients with CKD, a systematic review was undertaken in PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Google Scholar, of relevant articles published prior to September 2022. The summary statistics of effect size, nonstandardized weighted mean difference (WMD), and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to compare the effects of SB supplementation on anthropometric parameters vs. control group. To detect probable sources of heterogeneity, a series of predefined subgroup analyses were conducted. In total, 17 studies with 21 treatment arms, including 2203 participants (1149 cases, 1054 controls), met our inclusion criteria and were included in the meta‐analysis. SB supplementation had no significant effect on body weight (BW), midarm muscle circumference (MAMC), or lean body mass (LBM) in patients with CKD. There was a significant increase in body mass index (BMI) (MD: 0.59 kg/m2, 95% CI: 0.25 to 0.93, p = 0.001) after SB supplementation in the overall analysis. In subgroup analysis, LBM was increased in studies that were ≥ 24‐week duration (MD: 1.81 kg, 95% CI: 0.81 to 2.81) and in participants with BMI lower than 27 kg/m2 (MD: 1.81 mg/L, 95% CI: 0.81 to 2.81). SB supplementation may yield increases in BMI in predialysis CKD patients. However, our findings did not support the beneficial effects of SB supplementation on other anthropometric outcomes. There is an evident need for long‐term high‐quality interventions to confirm these findings

Kinetics Analysis Of Multi-Segment Trunk After Experimental Errors Minimization

A two-dimensional analytical heat conduction model of an annular composite fin has been carried out. The composite fins composed of a porous polyethylene core, a square aluminum insert, and metallic zinc coating layers, was fabricated using wire-arc spraying technology. Analytical solutions of temperature distribution, energy dissipation and fin efficiency through the fins at natural convection condition have been proposed