Design, development and evaluation of immediate release gliclazide tablets

The aim of the current study was the design, development and optimization of oral immediate release solid dosage forms of gliclazide tablets, intended for rapid action within 30 min, formulated and optimized by in vitro drug release method comparing with reference tablet Diamicron (Servier Lab.). For fast breakdown and rapid dissolution of tablets three different disintegrants (sodium starch glycolate, kollidone CL, and dried maize starch) were used with same percentage (2 %) in the formulations; sodium starch glycolate provide very fast release of gliclazide from tablets in pH 7.4. Two different compression methods, direct compression and wet granulation, were employed in the study. The in vitro drug release profile was better for directly compressed gliclazide tablets, but the flow properties of gliclazide were very poor, which causes high weight variation. Wet granulation method provided tablets of good physical parameters: two types of tablets with different hardness (8-10 kg/cm2 and 5-7 kg/cm2 ) were prepared to observe the effect of compressional forces on drug dissolution and the later one exhibits short disintegration time and rapid dissolution of gliclazide. Friability and weight variation were found within the acceptable range. Incorporation of anionic surfactant in combination with sodium starch glycolate or kollidone CL in the formulation the dissolution rate. In comparison with reference tablet, formulation containing 2 % sodium starch glycolate and 1 % sodium lauryl sulphate with other excipients as lactose, microcrystalline cellulose, povidone K-30, Mg stearate and colloidal silicon dioxide provide better dissolution. Shelf life of the formulated tablets were determined by utilizing stress condition (40 °C and 75 % Relative humidity for 3 months) and found more than 2.5 year in room condition.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Design, development and evaluation of immediate release gliclazide tablets

The aim of the current study was the design, development and optimization of oral immediate release solid dosage forms of gliclazide tablets, intended for rapid action within 30 min, formulated and optimized by in vitro drug release method comparing with reference tablet Diamicron (Servier Lab.). For fast breakdown and rapid dissolution of tablets three different disintegrants (sodium starch glycolate, kollidone CL, and dried maize starch) were used with same percentage (2 %) in the formulations; sodium starch glycolate provide very fast release of gliclazide from tablets in pH 7.4. Two different compression methods, direct compression and wet granulation, were employed in the study. The in vitro drug release profile was better for directly compressed gliclazide tablets, but the flow properties of gliclazide were very poor, which causes high weight variation. Wet granulation method provided tablets of good physical parameters: two types of tablets with different hardness (8-10 kg/cm2 and 5-7 kg/cm2 ) were prepared to observe the effect of compressional forces on drug dissolution and the later one exhibits short disintegration time and rapid dissolution of gliclazide. Friability and weight variation were found within the acceptable range. Incorporation of anionic surfactant in combination with sodium starch glycolate or kollidone CL in the formulation the dissolution rate. In comparison with reference tablet, formulation containing 2 % sodium starch glycolate and 1 % sodium lauryl sulphate with other excipients as lactose, microcrystalline cellulose, povidone K-30, Mg stearate and colloidal silicon dioxide provide better dissolution. Shelf life of the formulated tablets were determined by utilizing stress condition (40 °C and 75 % Relative humidity for 3 months) and found more than 2.5 year in room condition.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

How Frequent Multi Follicular Response in Intra Uterine Insemination Cycle Leads to Multiple Pregnancy in Prolong Primary Subfertile Patient?

Previously published studies on multi follicular studies are not consistent. Intra uterine insemination (IUI) is a good treatment option for limited resource countries because of its cost effectiveness and easy accessibility in remote areas. We aimed to identify pregnancy determining factors of IUI following controlled ovarian stimulation among educated sub fertile women in Bangladesh. A cross sectional retrospective study was conducted at Fertility Center of Evercare Hospital Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2016 to December 2018 where 518 IUI cycles performed after taking written consent from participants. A total of 426 couples medical records were analyzed on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. ovarian stimulating agent like clomiphene citrate tablet and human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) subcutaneous injection alone or combined has been given to every women under this study. While at least one follicle diameter reached 18 mm then intramuscular Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) was given and IUI procedure was performed after 36 hours later. While analyzing the data a higher mea n± SD was observed in pregnant groups than non-pregnant one regarding women’s age, BMI, their husband’s initial total motile sperm, inseminated harvested sperm and endometrial thickness though duration of married life was more in non-pregnant but these were not statistically significant. But the number of mature follicle was significantly higher in pregnant woman (P< 0.001). More than three follicle yield highest pregnancy than single or double follicles. Multi follicles showed a gradual decrease with age. A higher IUI was observed in woman with normal ovarian reserve. We propose that, IUI could be an effective therapeutic procedures for women with primary subfertility and could aid as an effective assisted reproductive technology in medical science

Hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymer Based naproxen buccal mucoadhesive film: design and in vitro evaluation

The aim of the present study was to develop a sustained release mucoadhesive buccal film of naproxen, which can be used to treat the inflammation in the oral cavity. The mucoadhesive buccal films were prepared by solvent casting method. The prepared films were evaluated for their physicochemical parameters and in vitro release pattern. All the formulations showed uniform weight, thickness, content uniformity and folding endurance. Surface pH was found to be compatible with salivary pH. Na-CMC and HPMC based films (F-3 and F-1) showed highest water uptake (80 and 72% at 4 h) and weight loss (33.40 and 38.48%) as well as ex vivo residence time (270 and 230 min, respectively). Mucoadhesive strength was found to be decreased with the incorporation of hydrophilic polymers. Highest sustained release up to 4 h was found for F-3 (43.56%, MDT 3.941 h) and then for F-1 (69.26%, MDT 3.342 h).Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Relationship between inter-arm blood pressure differences and predicted future cardiovascular risk in hypertensive patients

Background: Hypertension stands as a widely recognized significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease. In clinical practice, it is advisable to measure blood pressure (BP) in both arms. The increasing attention on inter-arm blood pressure difference (IABPD) stems from its association with cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to assess the relationship between inter-arm blood pressure differences and predicted future cardiovascular risk in hypertensive patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the department of cardiology, Chittagong Medical College Hospital from July 2020 to June 2021. The study included 428 cases of previously or newly diagnosed hypertension, selected through convenient sampling. Data analysis was conducted using Microsoft Office tools and statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 23.0. Results: In this study, 8.2% of patients exhibited noteworthy systolic IAD, and 2.3% demonstrated notable diastolic IAD. Median 10-year cardiovascular risk, assessed by Framingham and ASCVD calculators, was 21% and 11% respectively. A positive correlation was observed between sIAD and 10-year cardiovascular risk (p=0.003) and sIAD and 10-year ASCVD risk (p=0.041). Patients with significant sIAD had a higher incidence of ischemic heart disease compared to those without (p=0.041). Multiple regression analysis revealed a significant correlation between 10-year Framingham cardiovascular risk and sIAD (p=0.003). Conclusions: A significant difference in systolic blood pressure between arms is linked to a higher 10-year cardiovascular risk and the presence of cardiovascular disease in well-managed hypertensive patients. So, monitoring sIAD could be an additional factor in predicting future cardiovascular events in patients receiving hypertension treatment

Design, development and evaluation of immediate release gliclazide tablets

The aim of the current study was the design, development and optimization of oral immediate release solid dosage forms of gliclazide tablets, intended for rapid action within 30 min, formulated and optimized by in vitro drug release method comparing with reference tablet Diamicron (Servier Lab.). For fast breakdown and rapid dissolution of tablets three different disintegrants (sodium starch glycolate, kollidone CL, and dried maize starch) were used with same percentage (2 %) in the formulations; sodium starch glycolate provide very fast release of gliclazide from tablets in pH 7.4. Two different compression methods, direct compression and wet granulation, were employed in the study. The in vitro drug release profile was better for directly compressed gliclazide tablets, but the flow properties of gliclazide were very poor, which causes high weight variation. Wet granulation method provided tablets of good physical parameters: two types of tablets with different hardness (8-10 kg/cm2 and 5-7 kg/cm2 ) were prepared to observe the effect of compressional forces on drug dissolution and the later one exhibits short disintegration time and rapid dissolution of gliclazide. Friability and weight variation were found within the acceptable range. Incorporation of anionic surfactant in combination with sodium starch glycolate or kollidone CL in the formulation the dissolution rate. In comparison with reference tablet, formulation containing 2 % sodium starch glycolate and 1 % sodium lauryl sulphate with other excipients as lactose, microcrystalline cellulose, povidone K-30, Mg stearate and colloidal silicon dioxide provide better dissolution. Shelf life of the formulated tablets were determined by utilizing stress condition (40 °C and 75 % Relative humidity for 3 months) and found more than 2.5 year in room condition.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Cardiac glycoside cerberin exerts anticancer activity through PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal transduction inhibition

Natural products possess a significant role in anticancer therapy and many currently-used anticancer drugs are of natural origin. Cerberin (CR), a cardenolide isolated from the fruit kernel of Cerbera odollam, was found to potently inhibit cancer cell growth (GI 50 values 60% bioavailability and rapid absorption; doses of 1–10 mg/kg CR were predicted to maintain efficacious unbound plasma concentrations (>GI 50 value). CR's potent and selective anti-tumour activity, and its targeting of key signalling mechanisms pertinent to tumourigenesis support further preclinical evaluation of this cardiac glycoside

Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Some New Pyrimidinone and Oxazinone Derivatives Fused with Thiophene Rings Using 2-Chloro-6-ethoxy-4-acetylpyridine as Starting Material

A series of pyridines, pyrimidinones, oxazinones and their derivatives were synthesized as antimicrobial agents using citrazinic acid (2,6-dihydroxyisonicotinic acid) as a starting material. α,β-Unsaturated ketones 3a–c were condensed with cyanothio-acetamide in the presence of ammonium acetate to give 2-cyanopyridinethiones 4a–c, which were reacted with ethyl chloroacetate to yield the corresponding cyano esters 5a–c. The esters 5a–c were cyclized by action of sodium methoxide to aminoesters 6a–c, which were aminolyzed with ammonia to corresponding aminoamide derivatives 7a-c. Also, the esters 6a–c were hydrolyzed with NaOH to the corresponding sodium salt 8a–c, which were treated with acetic anhydride to afford 2-methyloxazinones 9a–c. The latter compounds were treated with ammonium acetate to afford 2-methylpyrimidinones 10a–c, followed by methylation with methyl iodide to yield 2,3-dimethyl-pyrimidinones 11a–c. The antimicrobial screening showed that many of these compounds have good antibacterial and antifungal activities comparable to streptomycin and fusidic acid used as reference drugs

AN ETHNOBOTANICAL SURVEY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS USED BY THE CHAK TRIBAL COMMUNITY OF BANGLADESH

The Chaks are a small tribal community inhabiting the Chittagong Hill Tracts forest region in southeastern Bangladesh. They are sometimes confused with the Chakmas, who form the largest tribal group in the region. Unlike the Chakmas, the Chaks have little association with settlers from outside their community. For curing of diseases, they rely on their own traditional medicinal practitioners, who serve as priests and experts on medicinal plants. Since little is known about the medicinal plants of this tribe, we conducted an ethnobotanical survey to learn more about their use of plants, which are quite diverse in the region. Interviews of Chak traditional healers were conducted in their own language and detailed information on usage of plant species to treat various ailments was noted. Plant specimens were photographed, collected and identified at the Bangladesh National Herbarium. A total of 47 plant species belonging to 31 families were collected. The major families included Leguminosae (five plants), Rubiaceae (four plants) and Asteraceae, Convolvulaceae and Labiatae families (three plants each). The diseases for which the various plants or plant parts were used included scabies, eczema, boils, abscess, ringworm, ear disorders, jaundice, stomach pain, intestinal worms, dysentery, bloating, acidity, constipation, throat ache, pneumonia, cough, mucus, tonsillitis, fevers and pains, urinary disorders like burning sensation during urination and frequent urination, as well as rheumatism, menstrual pain, vertigo, vomiting, toothache, wounds, bone fractures, impotency, tumor, cancer, snake, animal and insect bites, malaria, frequent thirsts, edema, kidney stones, allergy and elephantitis