Prediction and Observation of Pore Pressure Due to Pile Driving

In this study, pore pressure response due to pile driving has been observed in the field. Cavity Expansion theory using critical state parameters of the soil has been used to predict the trend of the pore pressure development and dissipation. Parametric study has been carried out to know the sensitivity of various parameters on the predicted results. A comparison has been made between the predicted and observed results

Antidiabetic Effects of Momordica Charantia (Karela) in Male Long Evans Rat

The hypoglycemic effect of Momordica charantia (Karela) has been reported from many laboratories. To our knowledge, the underlying biochemical mechanism of action of this important clinical effect has not been reported. During the course of investigation of this aspect of the herbal fruit, it was reported from our laboratory that ethanolic extract of Momordica charantia suppressed gluconeogenesis in normal and streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats by depressing the hepatic gluconeogenic enzymes fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and glucose-6-phosphatase. The herbal extract had also enhanced the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, the rate-limiting enzyme of hexose monophosphate shunt (a pathway for the oxidation of glucose)

COHERENT SPIN TRANSPORT IN NANOWIRE SPIN VALVES AND NOVEL SPINTRONIC DEVICE POSSIBILITIES

We have proposed a spintronic infrared photodetector backed by experimental evidence and matched with theoretical prediction obtained in our labs. Unlike conventional photodetectors, it can work at room temperature with ideally infinite light-to-dark contrast ratio, infinite detectivity and zero dark current. The proposed idea is based on smart implementation of spin polarized transport. Electrons while travelling through one-dimensional channel show long spin relaxation length if they can be confined to a single conduction subband because of the elimination of major spin relaxation mechanism, namely the D’yakonov-Perel’ mechanism. With infrared light, electrons can be excited to higher subbands, resulting in the revival of DP mechanism which shortens the spin relaxation length. A noticeable change in current in a nanowire spin-valve (a semiconductor nanowire with two ferromagnetic contacts) can be observed due to this shortening and this phenomenon can be manipulated to implement infrared photo-detection. An array of tri-layer nanowires have been fabricated using electrodeposition where a narrow band semiconductor InSb has been sandwiched between two ferromagnetic contacts, Cobalt and Nickel. The two magnetic contacts act as spin injector and detector, where in the InSb layer, spin polarization is modulated using infrared light. The spin-valve effect and the Hanle effect have been demonstrated in these structures, which gives the confidence that the proposed device is indeed capable of injecting, coherently transporting and detecting spin of the electrons at room temperature even in the presence of thermal drift, background magnetoresistance, low spin injection and detection efficiency. When the same experiment was done under the infrared light, spin-valve effect was still there but muted, which means, infrared light is responsible weakening the spin polarization of carriers in the InSb layer. With choice of other materials, which show better spin injection and detection efficiency, the detectivity and sensitivity can be made more prominent.https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/gradposters/1008/thumbnail.jp

Stochastic frontier model with distributional assumptions for rice production technical efficiency

Efficiency in agricultural production is indicative of the efficiency level of farm households in their farming activities. Farmers in developing countries do not make use of all the potential technological resources, thus making inefficient decisions in their agricultural activities. Herein, technical efficiency in relation with the production of three types of rice crop (Boro, Aus and Aman) was evaluated, with some determinants of technical efficiency identified, in Bangladesh.It was attempted, throughout this study, to access the status of technical efficiency in rice production in Bangladesh for panel data while using the Stochastic Frontier Production Model with either of truncated normal or half-normal distributional assumptions.Both time-variant and time-invariant inefficiency effects models were estimated, one at a time.Collected data from agricultural sector pertaining to three main rice crops in Bangladesh for the period of 1980 to 2008 were made used of throughout the study.The results revealed that technical efficiency gradually increased over the reference period with the half normal distribution being found preferable to the truncated normal distribution as regards the technical inefficiency effects.The value of technical efficiency was found high for Boro rice while low for Aus in comparison with Aman rice in Bangladesh for both distributions in either of time-variant or invariant ones.It was observed that the most efficient rice production system has occurred for the case of Boro with a technical efficiency of 0.98. Yearwise mean technical efficiency increased during the reference time periods

Hydrogen from food waste: Energy potential, economic feasibility, and environmental impact for sustainable valorization

Globally, inefficient management of municipal solid waste, composed primarily of food waste poses concern for human and environmental well-being. Food waste can be converted into hydrogen gas, which can be utilized to generate power without emitting any harmful pollutants. This solution would also help with the issue of disposing of food waste. The conversion of food waste into hydrogen is a practical energy source with potential financial benefits. This study explores the transformative potential of converting food waste into renewable energy through hydrogen production, focusing on Bangladesh from 2023 to 2042. Notably, the study forecasts a surge in food waste from 23 million tons in 2023–110 million tons by 2042. By 2042, food waste is expected to generate 2480 MW of power, a rise from 489 MW in 2023. Based on the results of the economic study, the food waste into hydrogen via gasification project is financially viable in all of Bangladesh\u27s main cities. Metrics such as internal rate of return, payback period, levelized cost of energy, net present value, and total life cycle cost were used to assess economic viability. The hydrogen production cost, payback period, and internal rate of return are 2.05 $/kg, 11 years and 14% respectively. It was discovered that using the available electricity from hydrogen gas may displace 1428 M liters of diesel fuel combustion. The quantity of diesel fuel saved can cut carbon dioxide emissions by 3.85 million tons. It was also found that using hydrogen as a source of energy generation has an attractive ecological efficiency of 99.98%. This research provides novel and pertinent data for investors contemplating gasification-based energy projects in Bangladesh. It pioneers a path toward eco-friendly waste management, reduced greenhouse gas emissions, and the adoption of sustainable energy solutions for the country

Plasmonic temperature sensor using D-shaped photonic crystal fiber

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Resource Management of Mobile Communication System

To ensure good traffic handling, channel allocation is one of the important mobile communication resources for quality of service. Usually, three types of channel allocations are widely used: fixed channel allocation, borrowing radio channels from surrounding calls and dynamic channel allocations. In this paper instead conventional channel allocation schemes, we used call admission control (CAC) scheme to combat forced termination (FT). The analytical model of traffic handling in mobile cellular network is implemented by Markov chain; hence the profile of call blocking probability of newly originating call and FT is shown against the call arrival rate and the number of channels. Finally the impact of fading parameters of wireless channel on FT is also analyzed under Rayleigh fading case

Synthesis, Characterization and Bioactivities of Some Novel Oxovanadium(IV) Glycinato Complexes

The novel oxovanadium(IV) complexes, [VIVO(GlyH)(Gly)]+ClO4 - .H2O (1), [VIVO(GlyH)(Gly)]+NO3 - .H2O (2), [VIVO(GlyH)(Gly)]+CH3COO- .H2O (3) were synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, UV-Vis and 1H NMR spectroscopic measurements. The cumulative spectroscopic assessment envisaged that, the complexes adopt a square pyramidal structure, in which the two glycine ligands coordinate to vanadium(IV) center in bidentate fashions conforming a homoleptic structure. The amino nitrogen and a carboxylato oxygen atom coordinate the vanadium(IV) center from both sides making a five members chelate by each side. All the complexes are stable in amorphous state and in aerobic and anaerobic solution. Significantly, all the complexes have the antifungal activities against Aspergillus niger and Penicillium notatum but ineffective against Candida tropicalis. No antibacterial activity was observed for the complexes against tested bacteria and unfortunately, they were found cytotoxic against brine shrimp bioassay

Numerical Study of Circularly Slotted Highly Sensitive Plasmonic Biosensor : A Novel Approach

Funding Information: This work was supported by the Deanship of the Scientific Research ( DSR ), King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah, under grant No. ( DF-773-135-1441 ). The authors, therefore, gratefully acknowledge DSR technical and financial support.Peer reviewe