Socio-Economic and Educational Status of Muslim Women: A Comparative Outlook

One-fourth of the entire population of West Bengal, an Indian state,  are the  Muslims who have been well thought-out as the second largest religious group and meanwhile the biggest minority of the state representing about ninety six percent to the total state minority population according to the census report of 2001 in spite of that it has been reported that in contrast to other religious communities or groups residing in West Bengal, the Muslims with special reference to the Muslim women are lagged behind the mainstream in almost every spheres of social development viz. socio-economic standing, educational attainment, empowerment, political participation and decision making and so on due to various external and internal factors. The proposed paper attempts to explore the status of Muslim women in West Bengal in a comparative perspective. Emphasis has also been given to enquire the pattern of work participation, employment and inclusion of Muslim women in comparison to the women in other religious groups of West Bengal. An endeavor has also been made to pinpoint the factors which are operating as bottleneck in their social change and development and to provide some suggestions and way forward. The present paper is based on facts gathered through both secondary and primary sources of data. Numerous relevant published literatures were consulted besides the author’s empirical field studies to produce this piece of writing. Keywords: Muslim women; status; backwardness; development; problems; way forward

Effect of various electron and hole transport layers on the performance of CsPbI3-based perovskite solar cells: A numerical investigation in DFT, SCAPS-1D, and wxAMPS frameworks

CsPbI3 has recently received tremendous attention as a possible absorber of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, CsPbI3-based PSCs have yet to achieve the high performance of the hybrid PSCs. In this work, we performed a density functional theory (DFT) study using the Cambridge Serial Total Energy Package (CASTEP) code for the cubic CsPbI3 absorber to compare and evaluate its structural, electronic, and optical properties. The calculated electronic band gap (Eg) using the GGA-PBE approach of CASTEP was 1.483 eV for this CsPbI3 absorber. Moreover, the computed density of states (DOS) exhibited the dominant contribution from the Pb-5d orbital, and most charge also accumulated for the Pb atom as seen from the electronic charge density map. Fermi surface calculation showed multiband character, and optical properties were computed to investigate the optical response of CsPbI3. Furthermore, we used IGZO, SnO2, WS2, CeO2, PCBM, TiO2, ZnO, and C60 as the electron transport layers (ETLs), and Cu2O, CuSCN, CuSbS2, Spiro-MeOTAD, V2O5, CBTS, CFTS, P3HT, PEDOT: PSS, NiO, CuO, and CuI as the hole transport layers (HTLs) to identify the best HTL/CsPbI3/ETL combinations using the SCAPS-1D solar cell simulation software. Among 96 device structures, the best-optimized device structure, ITO/TiO2/CsPbI3/CBTS/Au was identified, which exhibited an efficiency of 17.9%. The effect of absorber and ETL thickness, series resistance, shunt resistance, and operating temperature was also evaluated for the six best devices along with their corresponding generation rate, recombination rate, capacitance-voltage, current density-voltage, and quantum efficiency characteristics. The obtained results from SCAPS-1D were also compared with wxAMPS simulation software.Comment: 34 pages, 12 figures, Supporting Information (3 figures

Prognostic factors for changes in the timed 4-stair climb in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and implications for measuring drug efficacy: A multi-institutional collaboration

The timed 4-stair climb (4SC) assessment has been used to measure function in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) practice and research. We sought to identify prognostic factors for changes in 4SC, assess their consistency across data sources, and the extent to which prognostic scores could be useful in DMD clinical trial design and analysis. Data from patients with DMD in the placebo arm of a phase 3 trial (Tadalafil DMD trial) and two real-world sources (Universitaire Ziekenhuizen, Leuven, Belgium [Leuven] and Cincinnati Children\u27s Hospital Medical Center [CCHMC]) were analyzed. One-year changes in 4SC completion time and velocity (stairs/second) were analyzed. Prognostic models included age, height, weight, steroid use, and multiple timed function tests and were developed using multivariable regression, separately in each data source. Simulations were used to quantify impacts on trial sample size requirements. Data on 1-year changes in 4SC were available from the Tadalafil DMD trial (n = 92) Leuven (n = 67), and CCHMC (n = 212). Models incorporating multiple timed function tests, height, and weight significantly improved prognostic accuracy for 1-year change in 4SC (R2: 29%-36% for 4SC velocity, and 29%-34% for 4SC time) compared to models including only age, baseline 4SC and steroid duration (R2:8%-17% for 4SC velocity and 2%-13% for 4SC time). Measures of walking and rising ability contributed important prognostic information for changes in 4SC. In a randomized trial with equal allocation to treatment and placebo, adjustment for such a prognostic score would enable detection (at 80% power) of a treatment effect of 0.25 stairs/second with 100-120 patients, compared to 170-190 patients without prognostic score adjustment. Combining measures of ambulatory function doubled prognostic accuracy for 1-year changes in 4SC completion time and velocity. Randomized clinical trials incorporating a validated prognostic score could reduce sample size requirements by approximately 40%. Knowledge of important prognostic factors can also inform adjusted comparisons to external controls

An estimation of the endoscopist's musculoskeletal injury risk for right and left lateral decubitus positions during colonoscopy: a field-based ergonomic study

Background Colonoscopy exposes endoscopists to awkward postures and prolonged forces, which increases their risk of musculoskeletal injury. Patient positioning has a significant impact on the ergonomics of colonoscopy. Recent trials have found the right lateral decubitus position is associated with quicker insertion, higher adenoma detection rates, and greater patient comfort compared to the left lateral decubitus position. However, this patient position is perceived as more strenuous by endoscopists. Methods Nineteen endoscopists were observed performing colonoscopies during a series of four-hour endoscopy clinics. Durations of each patient position (right lateral decubitus, left lateral decubitus, prone, and supine) were recorded for all observed procedures (n = 64). Endoscopist injury risk was estimated by a trained researcher for the first and last colonoscopies of the shifts (n = 34) using Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA), an observational ergonomic tool that estimates risk of musculoskeletal injury by scoring postures of the upper body and factors such as muscle use, force, and load. The total RULA scores were compared with a Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test for patient position (right and left lateral decubitus) and time (first and last procedures) with significance taken at p < 0.05. Endoscopist preferences were also surveyed. Results The right lateral decubitus position was associated with significantly higher RULA scores than the left lateral decubitus position (median 5 vs. 3, p < 0.001). RULA scores were not significantly different between the first and last procedures of the shifts (median 5 vs. 5, p = 0.816). 89% of endoscopists preferred the left lateral decubitus position, primarily due to superior ergonomics and comfort. Conclusion RULA scores indicate an increased risk of musculoskeletal injury in both patient positions, with greater risk in the right lateral decubitus position

A clinical study of arrhythmias associated with acute coronary syndrome: a hospital based study of a high risk and previously undocumented population

Background: ACS represents a global epidemic. Arrhythmia in ACS is common. Careful investigation may lead to further improvement of prognosis. Retrospectively analyzed the year- round data of our center. Study was undertaken to analyze the incidence, frequency and type of arrhythmias in ACS. This is to aid timely intervention and to modify the outcome. Identification of the type of arrhythmia is of therapeutic and prognostic importance.Methods: This cross sectional analytical study was conducted in the Department of Cardiology, Apollo Hospitals Dhaka, from January 2019 to January 2020 with ACS patients. Enrolled consecutively and data analyzed.Results: There were 500 patients enrolled considering inclusion and exclusion criteria. Sample was subdivided into 3 groups on the type of ACS. Group-I with UA, Group-II with NSTE - ACS and Group-III with STE - ACS. Different types of arrhythmia noted. Types of arrhythmia were correlated with type of ACS. 500 patients included. Mean age 55.53±12.70, 71.6% male and 28.4% female. 60.4% hypertensive, 46.2% diabetic, 20.2% positive family history of CAD, 32.2% current smoker, 56.4% dyslipidaemic and 9.6% asthmatic. 31.2% UA, 39.2% NSTE-ACS and 29.6% STE-ACS. Type of arrhythmias noted. 22% sinus tachycardia, 20.2% sinus bradycardia, 9% atrial fibrillation, 5.2% ventricular ectopic, 4.8% supra ventricular ectopic, 2.8% bundle branch block, 2.2% atrio-ventricular block, 1% broad complex tachycardia, 0.4% narrow complex tachycardia, 0.2% sinus node dysfunction and 32.2% without any arrhythmia. Significant incidences of arrhythmia detected - respectively 29.8%, 39.2% and 31%, p<0.001.Conclusions: In conclusion, arrhythmias in ACS are common. More attention should be paid to improve their treatment and prognosis

The absence of the queuosine tRNA modification leads to pleiotropic phenotypes revealing perturbations of metal and oxidative stress homeostasis in Escherichia coli K12

Queuosine (Q) is a conserved hypermodification of the wobble base of tRNA containing GUN anticodons but the physiological consequences of Q deficiency are poorly understood in bacteria. This work combines transcriptomic, proteomic and physiological studies to characterize a Q-deficient Escherichia coli K12 MG1655 mutant. The absence of Q led to an increased resistance to nickel and cobalt, and to an increased sensitivity to cadmium, compared to the wild-type (WT) strain. Transcriptomic analysis of the WT and Q-deficient strains, grown in the presence and absence of nickel, revealed that the nickel transporter genes (nikABCDE) are downregulated in the Q- mutant, even when nickel is not added. This mutant is therefore primed to resist to high nickel levels. Downstream analysis of the transcriptomic data suggested that the absence of Q triggers an atypical oxidative stress response, confirmed by the detection of slightly elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the mutant, increased sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide and paraquat, and a subtle growth phenotype in a strain prone to accumulation of ROS.This work was funded by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) grant GM70641, by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) grant ES002109, by the National Science Foundation (NSF) grant CHE-2002950, by the National Research Foundation of Singapore under the Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, and by Stellate Therapeutics.Peer reviewe

Muslims of West Bengal: Some Demographic, Socio-Economic and Educational Situation

Practically research studies on Muslim society and culture in West Bengal are very negligible owing to which very inadequate is known to the people and such lacuna in knowledge have caused a great amount of  loophole in understanding  the society under study from empirical point of view. The present account is a modest attempt to assess and enquire the socio-economic situation of the Muslims including both males and females of West Bengal besides presenting some demographic profile of the Muslims of West Bengal compared to the people of other religious communities of the state. Emphasis has also been given to find out the contributory factors acting as obstacle towards their socio-economic development, change and modernization. For this endeavor the textual facts are mostly gathered from a variety of in print resources while the primary data are mainly the author’s personal observations and field study among the Muslims of this state. Keywords: Muslims, society, economy, demography, backwardness, development

Interrogating Psycho-Social Problems of Muslim Women The Indian Experience

Abstract The present paper is an endeavour to examine and emphasize the issues of psycho-social circumstances of Indian Muslim women in sociological perspective with special indication to their socio-economic, employment, educational attainment, rights and privileges, hindrances and restrictions, role Introduction The all-round development of a nation largely depends upon strapping up the skilfulness and abilities of all segments of society regardless of of caste, class, colour, creed and of course sexual category. On the other hand women discriminated against for ages and also have been suffering from given unequal treatment in connection with prospects, privileges, rights and status in numerous socio-economic and cultural spheres in the society. Devoid of concerning women in the programmes and performances of development, not simply obstruct their own development, social change and mobility towards social progress but also have an effect on the development of the entire nation (Azim 1997, 11). The concern of women&apos;s studies, having its fundamental objective to accumulate information on women and to explore their social position as well as problems and prospects, is attaining a great deal of magnitude during recent times in social scientific research and discourse. The ultimate objective of this sort of study is to empower the women in their movement for liberation and struggle in opposition to inequity. Again despite the fact that owing to divergence in culture and tradition, the status of women differs from society to society. In this regard women&apos;s studies have also an immense importance in generating awareness about the multi-dimensional roles played by the women and their diverse social position in diverse societies from an empirical point of view. Taking into consideration the theoretical and methodological outlooks of the studies of women, the subject is prevalently designated as gender studies instead of women&apos;s studies in contemporary time. Gender is a socially constructed roles, responsibilities and relations which are assigned to both men and women in the society creating inequities among them and the key subject matter o

A distribution-free mixed-integer optimization approach to hierarchical modelling of clustered and longitudinal data

Recent advancements in Mixed Integer Optimization (MIO) algorithms, paired with hardware enhancements, have led to significant speedups in resolving MIO problems. These strategies have been utilized for optimal subset selection, specifically for choosing $k$ features out of $p$ in linear regression given $n$ observations. In this paper, we broaden this method to facilitate cluster-aware regression, where selection aims to choose $\lambda$ out of $K$ clusters in a linear mixed effects (LMM) model with $n_k$ observations for each cluster. Through comprehensive testing on a multitude of synthetic and real datasets, we exhibit that our method efficiently solves problems within minutes. Through numerical experiments, we also show that the MIO approach outperforms both Gaussian- and Laplace-distributed LMMs in terms of generating sparse solutions with high predictive power. Traditional LMMs typically assume that clustering effects are independent of individual features. However, we introduce an innovative algorithm that evaluates cluster effects for new data points, thereby increasing the robustness and precision of this model. The inferential and predictive efficacy of this approach is further illustrated through its application in student scoring and protein expression