15,581 research outputs found
Initial states in integrable quantum field theory quenches from an integral equation hierarchy
We consider the problem of determining the initial state of integrable
quantum field theory quenches in terms of the post-quench eigenstates. The
corresponding overlaps are a fundamental input to most exact methods to treat
integrable quantum quenches. We construct and examine an infinite integral
equation hierarchy based on the form factor bootstrap, proposed earlier as a
set of conditions deter- mining the overlaps. Using quenches of the mass and
interaction in Sinh-Gordon theory as a concrete example, we present theoretical
arguments that the state has the squeezed coherent form expected for integrable
quenches, and supporting an Ansatz for the solution of the hierarchy. Moreover
we also develop an iterative method to solve numerically the lowest equation of
the hierarchy. The iterative solution along with extensive numerical checks
performed using the next equation of the hierarchy provide a strong numerical
evidence that the proposed Ansatz gives a very good approximation for the
solution.Comment: 36 pages, pdflatex file, 11 pdf figures. v2: revised version,
accepted for publicatio
Thermodynamics of black holes in finite boxes
We analyze the thermodynamical behavior of black holes in closed finite
boxes. First the black hole mass evolution is analyzed in an initially empty
box. Using the conservation of the energy and the Hawking evaporation flux, we
deduce a minimal volume above which one black hole can loss all of its mass to
the box, a result which agrees with the previous analysis made by Page. We then
obtain analogous results using a box initially containing radiation, allowed to
be absorbed by the black hole. The equilibrium times and masses are evaluated
and their behavior discussed to highlight some interesting features arising.
These results are generalized to black holes + thermal radiation. Using
physically simple arguments, we prove that these black holes achieve the same
equilibrium masses (even that the initial masses were different). The entropy
of the system is used to obtain the dependence of the equilibrium mass on the
box volume, number of black holes and the initial radiation. The equilibrium
mass is shown to be proportional to a {\it positive} power law of the effective
volume (contrary to naive expectations), a result explained in terms of the
detailed features of the system. The effect of the reflection of the radiation
on the box walls which comes back into the black hole is explicitly considered.
All these results (some of them counter-intuitive) may be useful to formulate
alternative problems in thermodynamic courses for graduate and advanced
undergraduate students. A handful of them are suggested in the Appendix.Comment: RevTex file, 2 .ps figures. Submitted to AmJPhy
Polyethylene imine-based receptor immobilization for label free bioassays
Polyethylene imine (PEI) based immobilization of antibodies is described and the concept is proved on the
label free assay of C-Reactive Protein (CRP). This novel immobilization method is composed of a hyperbranched
PEI layer which was deposited at a high pH (9.5) on the sensor surface. The free amino groups
of PEI were derivatized with neutravidin by Biotin N-hydroxysuccinimide ester and the biotinylated
anti-CRP antibody immobilized on this layer. Direct binding assay of recombinant CRP was successfully
performed in the low ÎŒg/ml concentrations using a label free optical waveguide biosensor
Pion mass effects on axion emission from neutron stars through NN bremsstrahlung processes
The rates of axion emission by nucleon-nucleon bremsstrahlung are calculated
with the inclusion of the full momentum contribution from a nuclear one pion
exchange (OPE) potential. The contributions of the neutron-neutron (nn),
proton-proton (pp) and neutron-proton (np) processes in both the nondegenerate
and degenerate limits are explicitly given. We find that the finite momentum
corrections to the emissivities are quantitatively significant for the
non-degenerate regime and temperature-dependent, and should affect the existing
axion mass bounds. The trend of these nuclear effects is to diminish the
emissivities
Phantom Accretion by Black Holes and the Generalized Second Law of Thermodynamics
The accretion of a phantom fluid with non-zero chemical potential by black
holes is discussed with basis on the Generalized Second Law of thermodynamics.
For phantom fluids with positive temperature and negative chemical potential we
demonstrate that the accretion process is possible, and that the condition
guaranteeing the positiveness of the phantom fluid entropy coincides with the
one required by Generalized Second Law. In particular, this result provides a
complementary confirmation that cosmological phantom fluids do not need to have
negative temperatures
Self-bound Interacting QCD Matter in Compact Stars
The quark gluon plasma (QGP) at zero temperature and high baryon number is a
system that may be present inside compact stars. It is quite possible that this
cold QGP shares some relevant features with the hot QGP observed in heavy ion
collisions, being also a strongly interacting system. In a previous work we
have derived from the QCD Lagrangian an equation of state (EOS) for the cold
QGP, which can be considered an improved version of the MIT bag model EOS.
Compared to the latter, our equation of state reaches higher values of the
pressure at comparable baryon densities. This feature is due to perturbative
corrections and also to non-perturbative effects. Here we apply this EOS to the
study of neutron stars, discussing the absolute stability of quark matter and
computing the mass-radius relation for self-bound (strange) stars. The maximum
masses of the sequences exceed two solar masses, in agreement with the recently
measured values of the mass of the pulsar PSR J1614-2230, and the corresponding
radii around 10-11 km
A preliminary look at AVE-SESAME 1 conducted on 10-11 April 1979
Preliminary information on the general weather conditions during the AVE-SESAME 1 period is presented together with a summary of severe weather reports
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