Simulación de los niveles máximos de ozono en la ciudad de Puebla por medio del método kernel

En este artículo se presenta una propuesta para reemplazar los datos faltantes de una base de datos, basado en la simulación de una variable aleatoria teórica que tendría los niveles máximos de ozono en la ciudad de Puebla de la República Mexicana, ciudad con problemas ambientales y deficiencia en el monitoreo de la calidad del aire. La metodología planteada está basada en el método kernel, que se utiliza para la aproximación de una función de densidad a partir de una muestra independiente. Se presenta una propuesta de algoritmo para el reemplazo de datos faltantes, así como una prueba que valida su utilidad y por último su aplicación a los datos de niveles de ozono de la estación de monitoreo automática Agua Santa ubicada en la ciudad de Puebla

La eficiencia terminal de los alumnos de algunas licenciaturas y posgrados en ciencias

This is a work based on data from school records of students in the 2000-2008 generations of degrees in Mathematics, Applied Mathematics, Physics and Applied Physics, taught at Faculty of Physical and Mathematical Sciences (FCFM) of the Autonomous University of Puebla (BUAP) and a database of students in the Master Degree on Science in FCFM BUAP (Mathematics and Applied Physics) Science. Here are collected several results that are modeled and presented in some thesis in Mathematics or Applied Mathematics. Furthermore, for the Masters and Doctorates in Science FCFM BUAP, periods of 2003-2012 for the two lines in Applied Mathematics and Physics respectively are taken. The population of women involved in postgraduate studies in the first years is generally less than a half of those enrolled, and is a relative increase in recent years. In particular, all PhD students in Applied Mathematics and Physics are having a very similar time to get the degree, but in general for all postgraduate in men is lower.Finally, observing the terminal behavior of populations, although we see that women generally end up their degrees more than men, in the postgraduate we reviewed, men end in less time. From this information, we see a relative increase in the population of women in postgraduate in the areas of Mathematics and Applied Physics. The time of ending in general, women take longer though in recent years is approaching to men's time. In the case of postgraduate, we are still lack of statistical modeling jobs for insufficient data in that generations, but we mentioned descriptive evidence that allow us to raise conjectures.Este es un trabajo que se basa en datos de historiales académicos de los alumnos de las generaciones 2000-2008 de las licenciaturas de Matemáticas, Matemáticas Aplicadas, Física y Física Aplicada, que se imparten en la Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas (FCFM) de la Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP) y una base de datos de los alumnos de las Maestría en Ciencias del Posgrado de la FCFM de la BUAP (Matemáticas y Física Aplicada). Aquí se recopilan varios resultados que se han modelado y presentado en algunas tesis de licenciatura en Matemáticas o Matemáticas Aplicadas. Por otro lado, para las Maestrías y Doctorados en Ciencias de la FCFM de la BUAP, se toman los periodos de 2003-2012 para las dos líneas en Matemáticas y Física Aplicada, respectivamente. La población de mujeres involucradas en los posgrados durante los primeros años es en general menos de la mitad de los inscritos, y se ve un relativo aumento en los últimos años. En particular, todos los alumnos de los Doctorado en Matemáticas y Física Aplicada están teniendo un tiempo muy similar para obtener el grado, aunque en general para todos los posgrados en los hombres es menor. Finalmente, observando la conducta terminal de las poblaciones, vemos que en las licenciaturas las mujeres en general terminan más que los hombres, aunque en los posgrados que revisamos, los hombres terminan en menos tiempo. De toda esta información, vemos un aumento relativo en la población de las mujeres en los posgrados, en las áreas de Matemáticas y Física Aplicada. El tiempo en que terminan en general, las mujeres se llevan más tiempo aunque en los últimos años se está pareciendo al de los hombres. Para el caso de los posgrados, todavía no contamos con trabajos de modelación estadística por no tener suficientes datos en las generaciones, pero sí mencionamos las evidencias descriptivas que nos permiten plantear conjeturas. 

The Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Subunit from the Dimorphic Fungus Ustilago maydis

In this study, we investigated the reverse transcriptase subunit of telomerase in the dimorphic fungus Ustilago maydis. This protein (Trt1) contains 1371 amino acids and all of the characteristic TERT motifs. Mutants created by disrupting trt1 had senescent traits, such as delayed growth, low replicative potential, and reduced survival, that were reminiscent of the traits observed in est2 budding yeast mutants. Telomerase activity was observed in wild-type fungus sporidia but not those of the disruption mutant. The introduction of a self-replicating plasmid expressing Trt1 into the mutant strain restored growth proficiency and replicative potential. Analyses of trt1 crosses in planta suggested that Trt1 is necessary for teliospore formation in homozygous disrupted diploids and that telomerase is haploinsufficient in heterozygous diploids. Additionally, terminal restriction fragment analysis in the progeny hinted at alternative survival mechanisms similar to those of budding yeast

Gaussian Copula Regression Modeling for Marker Classification Metrics with Competing Risk Outcomes

Decisions regarding competing risks are usually based on a continuous-valued marker toward predicting a cause-specific outcome. The classification power of a marker can be summarized using the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve and the corresponding area under the curve (AUC). This paper proposes a Gaussian copula-based model to represent the joint distribution of the continuous-valued marker, the overall survival time, and the cause-specific outcome. Then, it is used to characterize the time-varying ROC curve in the context of competing risks. Covariate effects are incorporated by linking linear components to the skewed normal distribution for the margin of the marker, a parametric proportional hazards model for the survival time, and a logit model for the cause of failure. Estimation is carried out using maximum likelihood, and a bootstrap technique is implemented to obtain confidence intervals for the AUC. Information-criteria strategies are employed to find a parsimonious model. The performance of the proposed model is evaluated in simulation studies, considering different sample sizes and censoring distributions. The methods are illustrated with the reanalysis of a prostate cancer clinical trial. The joint regression strategy produces a straightforward and flexible model of the time-dependent ROC curve in the presence of competing risks, enhancing the understanding of how covariates may affect the discrimination of a marker

La eficiencia terminal de los alumnos de algunas licenciaturas y posgrados en ciencias

This is a work based on data from school records of students in the 2000-2008 generations of degrees in Mathematics, Applied Mathematics, Physics and Applied Physics, taught at Faculty of Physical and Mathematical Sciences (FCFM) of the Autonomous University of Puebla (BUAP) and a database of students in the Master Degree on Science in FCFM BUAP (Mathematics and Applied Physics) Science. Here are collected several results that are modeled and presented in some thesis in Mathematics or Applied Mathematics. Furthermore, for the Masters and Doctorates in Science FCFM BUAP, periods of 2003-2012 for the two lines in Applied Mathematics and Physics respectively are taken. The population of women involved in postgraduate studies in the first years is generally less than a half of those enrolled, and is a relative increase in recent years. In particular, all PhD students in Applied Mathematics and Physics are having a very similar time to get the degree, but in general for all postgraduate in men is lower. Finally, observing the terminal behavior of populations, although we see that women generally end up their degrees more than men, in the postgraduate we reviewed, men end in less time. From this information, we see a relative increase in the population of women in postgraduate in the areas of Mathematics and Applied Physics. The time of ending in general, women take longer though in recent years is approaching to men's time. In the case of postgraduate, we are still lack of statistical modeling jobs for insufficient data in that generations, but we mentioned descriptive evidence that allow us to raise conjectures.Este es un trabajo que se basa en datos de historiales académicos de los alumnos de las generaciones 2000-2008 de las licenciaturas de Matemáticas, Matemáticas Aplicadas, Física y Física Aplicada, que se imparten en la Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas (FCFM) de la Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP) y una base de datos de los alumnos de las Maestría en Ciencias del Posgrado de la FCFM de la BUAP (Matemáticas y Física Aplicada). Aquí se recopilan varios resultados que se han modelado y presentado en algunas tesis de licenciatura en Matemáticas o Matemáticas Aplicadas. Por otro lado, para las Maestrías y Doctorados en Ciencias de la FCFM de la BUAP, se toman los periodos de 2003-2012 para las dos líneas en Matemáticas y Física Aplicada, respectivamente. La población de mujeres involucradas en los posgrados durante los primeros años es en general menos de la mitad de los inscritos, y se ve un relativo aumento en los últimos años. En particular, todos los alumnos de los Doctorado en Matemáticas y Física Aplicada están teniendo un tiempo muy similar para obtener el grado, aunque en general para todos los posgrados en los hombres es menor. Finalmente, observando la conducta terminal de las poblaciones, vemos que en las licenciaturas las mujeres en general terminan más que los hombres, aunque en los posgrados que revisamos, los hombres terminan en menos tiempo. De toda esta información, vemos un aumento relativo en la población de las mujeres en los posgrados, en las áreas de Matemáticas y Física Aplicada. El tiempo en que terminan en general, las mujeres se llevan más tiempo aunque en los últimos años se está pareciendo al de los hombres. Para el caso de los posgrados, todavía no contamos con trabajos de modelación estadística por no tener suficientes datos en las generaciones, pero sí mencionamos las evidencias descriptivas que nos permiten plantear conjeturas

The Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Subunit from the Dimorphic Fungus <i>Ustilago maydis</i>

<div><p>In this study, we investigated the reverse transcriptase subunit of telomerase in the dimorphic fungus <i>Ustilago maydis</i>. This protein (Trt1) contains 1371 amino acids and all of the characteristic TERT motifs. Mutants created by disrupting <i>trt1</i> had senescent traits, such as delayed growth, low replicative potential, and reduced survival, that were reminiscent of the traits observed in <i>est2</i> budding yeast mutants. Telomerase activity was observed in wild-type fungus sporidia but not those of the disruption mutant. The introduction of a self-replicating plasmid expressing Trt1 into the mutant strain restored growth proficiency and replicative potential. Analyses of <i>trt1</i> crosses <i>in planta</i> suggested that Trt1 is necessary for teliospore formation in homozygous disrupted diploids and that telomerase is haploinsufficient in heterozygous diploids. Additionally, terminal restriction fragment analysis in the progeny hinted at alternative survival mechanisms similar to those of budding yeast.</p></div

Telomere repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) analysis in <i>U. maydis</i>.

<p>Telomerase activity in wild-type and mutant strains was determined. The absorbance data were used to construct a graphical representation of the telomerase activity for the sporidia of <i>U. maydis</i> strains (either wild-type or <i>trt</i>^-). Tumor cells derived from the 521×520 cross and a plant control were included to evaluate and detect telomerase activity. The medians of the telomerase-positive control cells (HEK293) and the 521 wild-type strain were significantly different from the median of the treated negative controls (P<0.05); however, no significant differences were detected between the negative controls and the <i>trt1</i>-disrupted mutants. The samples heated to 85°C are indicated with Δ, and the RNase-treated samples are designated as RNase. Telomerase activity was also determined in tumors and maize leaves.</p

<i>U. maydis</i> strains used.

<p>^*Partially characterized.</p><p><i>U. maydis</i> strains used.</p

Analysis of the effects of <i>trt</i>+ restoration in pTrt1 <i>U. maydis</i> transformants.

<p>The telomere length distribution in the telomerase-deficient strain W204 was assessed by Southern blotting TRF after reintroduction (200 doubling periods) of <i>tert1</i> in the pTrt1 <i>U. maydis</i> transformants as described above. (A) The TRF hybridization pattern of parental 521 (lane 1), 520 (lane 2), <i>trt1</i>-disrupted mutants trt1-1 (lane 3) and trt1-2 (lane 4) strains, the progeny derivative W204 (lane 5), and five of its W204-derived clones (T1 to T5, lanes 6 to 10) were analyzed using telomere sequences (TTAGGG) that were ³²P- labeled at 17 kBq/ml as probes. (C) The filter was stripped and re-hybridized to TR-p + TR-d sequences ³²P- labeled as a probe. The strain names are shown above the autoradiography. A molecular weight marker is shown on the left.</p