“Isla de información”: experiencia de cartografía ciudadana. Iniciativa para la Huerta de Murcia

“Isla de Información” fue una experiencia que tuvo lugar en abril de 2013 mediante la cual un grupo de ciudadanos, expertos y ayudantes en cartografía (arquitectos) peinaron una porción del territorio huertano a la búsqueda de indicios y de situaciones relevantes desde el punto de vista de la productividad o abandono, el patrimonio hidráulico, el patrimonio inmaterial, las redes familiares, ambientes naturales, conflictos de la accesibilidad, etc. Durante la excursión a pie de una mañana de duración, los asistentes pasearon, aprendieron, fotografiaron, debatieron y dibujaron el entorno huertano y sus particularidades. El objetivo era crear un denso mapa de virtudes, conflictos y oportunidades de un pequeño sector de la Huerta de Murcia entorno a un antiguo meandro del rio Segura. Si la acción significó el descubrimiento de un formato de taller adecuado para que todas las edades, incluso niños, pudieran participar con sus familias para disfrutar y compartir el medio huertano y subir los datos a internet, esta comunicación reflexiona, además, acerca de si la experiencia puede entenderse como un ensayo de empoderamiento de la ciudadanía a la hora de construir la representación pública de su paisaje y ciudad

Programa de educación para la salud en maniobras de soporte vital básico para trabajadores de la universidad de Zaragoza

1- Introducción: la parada cardiorrespiratoria (PCR) es una situación de emergencia vital caracterizada por la detención del latido cardíaco y, como consecuencia, de la circulación sanguínea, provocando un rápido deterioro tisular. La mortalidad por PCR es muy alta, pero una respuesta rápida puede disminuir esta tasa de mortalidad. Un alto porcentaje de PCR ocurren en el ámbito extrahospitalario sin presencia de personal sanitario, por lo que es necesario formar a la población en maniobras de SVB, incidiendo en el concepto de “cadena de supervivencia”. 2- Objetivos: mejorar la actuación de la población frente a las PCR en el ámbito extrahospitalario. 3- Metodología: se realiza una revisión bibliográfica en las principales bases de datos enfermeras de artículos tanto en español como en inglés comprendidos entre el año 2006 y 2016 y se complementa esta búsqueda con las guías y protocolos de resucitación cardiopulmonar vigentes. Por otro lado, se contacta con la asociación cuidae, formada por un grupo de enfermeros dedicados a la formación de población en maniobras de SVB y el manejo de un DEA. 4- Conclusión: la PCR es un gran problema de salud, y para disminuir su mortalidad es importante formar a la población para que sean capaces de reaccionar ante ellas.<br /

Predicción del viento a escalas sub-kilométricas

Ponencia presentada en: XXXIII Jornadas Científicas de la AME y el XIV Encuentro Hispano Luso de Meteorología celebrado en Oviedo, del 7 al 9 de abril de 2014

Wind Forecasting Based on the HARMONIE Model and Adaptive Finite Elements

In this paper, we introduce a new method for wind field forecasting over complex terrain. The main idea is to use the predictions of the HARMONIE meso-scale model as the input data for an adaptive finite element mass-consistent wind model. The HARMONIE results (obtained with a maximum resolution of about 1 km) are refined in a local scale (about a few metres). An interface between both models is implemented in such a way that the initial wind field is obtained by a suitable interpolation of the HARMONIE results. Genetic algorithms are used to calibrate some parameters of the local wind field model in accordance to the HARMONIE data. In addition, measured data are considered to improve the reliability of the simulations. An automatic tetrahedral mesh generator, based on the meccano method, is applied to adapt the discretization to complex terrains. The main characteristic of the framework is a minimal user intervention. The final goal is to validate our model in several realistic applications on Gran Canaria island, Spain, with some experimental data obtained by the AEMET in their meteorological stations.This work has been supported by the Spanish Government, ‘‘Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación’’, Grant Contracts: CGL2011-29396-C03-01 and CGL2011-29396-C03-02, and by ‘‘Junta de Castilla León’’, ‘‘Consejería de Educación’’, Grant Contract SA266A12-2

Ventilator-associated pneumonia in patients undergoing major heart surgery: an incidence study in Europe

INTRODUCTION: Patients undergoing major heart surgery (MHS) represent a special subpopulation at risk for nosocomial infections. Postoperative infection is the main non-cardiac complication after MHS and has been clearly related to increased morbidity, use of hospital resources and mortality. Our aim was to determine the incidence, aetiology, risk factors and outcome of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in patients who have undergone MHS in Europe. METHODS: Our study was a prospective study of patients undergoing MHS in Europe who developed suspicion of VAP. During a one-month period, participating units submitted a protocol of all patients admitted to their units who had undergone MHS. RESULTS: Overall, 25 hospitals in eight different European countries participated in the study. The number of patients intervened for MHS was 986. Fifteen patients were excluded because of protocol violations. One or more nosocomial infections were detected in 43 (4.4%) patients. VAP was the most frequent nosocomial infection (2.1%; 13.9 episodes per 1000 days of mechanical ventilation). The microorganisms responsible for VAP in this study were: Enterobacteriaceae (45%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (20%), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (10%) and a range of other microorganisms. We identified the following significant independent risk factors for VAP: ascending aorta surgery (odds ratio (OR) = 6.22; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.69 to 22.89), number of blood units transfused (OR = 1.08 per unit transfused; 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.13) and need for re-intervention (OR = 6.65; 95% CI = 2.10 to 21.01). The median length of stay in the intensive care unit was significantly longer (P < 0.001) in patients with VAP than in patients without VAP (23 days versus 2 days). Death was significantly more frequent (P < 0.001) in patients with VAP (35% versus 2.3%). CONCLUSIONS: Patients undergoing aortic surgery and those with complicated post-intervention courses, requiring multiple transfusions or re-intervention, constitute a high-risk group probably requiring more active preventive measures

Developtment of a software tool for the analysis and verification of emergency operating procedures through the integrated simulation of plant and operators actions

Probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) includes operator actions as elements in the set of the considered protection performances during accident sequences. Nevertheless, its impact throughout a sequence is not usually analyzed dynamically. In this sense, it is convenient to make a more detailed analysis about its importance in the dynamics of the sequences, allowing for sensitivity studies with respect to human reliability and response times. For this reason, new developments in simulation software must be able to incorporate operator actions in conventional thermalhydraulic simulations. In this paper, we present one of these new tools, the TRETA/TIZONA–COPMA III coupled codes, which can be used for evaluating the impact in the final plant state of the execution by operators of procedures and the evaluation of the available times for the manual actions of the operators. This software tool consists of a closed-loop plant/operator simulator: a thermalhydraulic code for simulating the plant transient (TRETA for PWR NPPs and TIZONA for BWR NPPs) and the procedures processor (COPMA III) to simulate the operator actions requested by the procedures, both coupled by a data communication system which allows the information exchange (SWBus). The first pilot cases have been performed in order to analyze sequences initiated by secondary side breaks leading to loss of heat sink sequences in a PWR plant. These tests have been carried out using the real plant EOPs for COPMA-III and a PWR plant model for TRETA code. The results of these simulations are presented in this paper

Application of a dynamic event tree methodolgy to steam generator tube rupture sequences

The Integrated Safety Assessment (ISA) methodology, developed by the Spanish Nuclear Safety Council (CSN), has been applied to a thermo-hydraulical analysis of a Westinghouse 3-loop PWR plant by means of the dynamic event trees (DET) for Steam Generator Tube Rupture (SGTR) sequences. The ISA methodology allows obtaining the SGTR Dynamic Event Tree taking into account the operator actuation times. Simulations are performed with SCAIS (Simulation Code system for Integrated Safety Assessment), which includes a dynamic coupling with MAAP thermal hydraulic code. The results show the capability of the ISA methodology and SCAIS platform to obtain the DET of complex sequences