Analysis of tremor at the San Andreas Fault at Parkfield

Emergent phase arrivals, low amplitude waveforms, and variable event durations make detection and location of tectonic tremor a non-trivial task. In this work I employ a new method to identify tremor in large datasets using a semi-automated technique, which is comprised of an envelope cross-correlation and a Self-Organizing Map (SOM) algorithm to identify and classify event types. Furthermore, I present a new tremor localization method based on time-reversal imaging techniques

Loneliness and Social Isolation During the COVID-19 Pandemic

The outbreak of the global COVID-19 pandemic has drastically altered people’s lives. Loneliness and social isolation were publicly discussed as possible psychological consequences of the measures taken to slow the virus spread. These public discussions have sparked a surge in empirical studies on loneliness and social isolation. In this study, we first provide a systematic review synthesizing recent literature on the prevalence and correlates of loneliness and social isolation during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic ( k = 53 studies). We found that most quantitative studies included in the systematic review were cross-sectional. The few longitudinal studies mainly reported increases in loneliness, especially when the pre-pandemic measurement occasions were months or years before the COVID-19 pandemic. Studies with pre-pandemic measures weeks or days before the pandemic reported relatively stable or even decreasing loneliness trends. Second, we enrich the systematic review with an empirical investigation on daily changes in the perceived quality and quantity of social relationships during the pandemic compared to before the pandemic ( N = 4,823). This empirical investigation showed that, on average, the quality of social relationships was perceived worse during the pandemic than before. This perception got slightly stronger over the first 2 weeks of the pandemic but stagnated thereafter. Regarding the quantity of social relationships, participants reported on average that they had fewer social interactions at the beginning of the study than before the pandemic. This perceived reduction in the quantity of social interactions linearly decreased over time.Peer Reviewe

Translation and Validation of the BFI-2 in a Croatian Sample

As multiple crises deepen existing inequalities in urban societies within and between neighborhoods, strategically integrating nature-based solutions into the living environment can help reduce negative impacts and improve public health, social cohesion, and well-being. Compared to public green such as parks, semi-public residential greenery is rarely studied, is regularly overlooked by planners, and often receives step-motherly treatment from architects and housing companies. We approximated the area of residential greenery of modernist multi-story apartment complexes in Berlin, Germany. We surveyed residents’ suggestions for improving their living environments in vulnerable neighborhoods, report on co-creation experiences, and provide a practical guideline for optimizing health-promoting residential green spaces. The semi-public open space on the doorstep of two-thirds of Berlin’s population is highly fragmented and, in total, has a similar area as the public green spaces and a great potential for qualitative development. Just as the suitability of different nature-based solutions to be integrated into the residential greenery depends on building types, resident demands differ between neighborhoods. Residents called for more involvement in design, implementation, and maintenance, frequently proposing that biodiversity-friendly measures be included. As there is no universal solution even for neighborhoods sharing similar structural and socioeconomic parameters, we propose, and have tested, an optimization loop for health-promoting residential greening that involves exploring residents’ needs and co-creating local solutions for urban regeneration processes that can be initiated by different actors using bottom-up and/or top-down approaches in order to unlock this potential for healthy, livable and biodiversity friendly cities.Peer Reviewe

Derivation of a Local Volume-Averaged Model and a Stable Numerical Algorithm for Multi-Dimensional Simulations of Conversion Batteries

In this article, we derive a general form of local volume-averaging theory and apply it to a model of zinc-air conversion batteries. Volume-averaging techniques are frequently used for the macroscopic description of micro-porous electrodes. We extend the existing method by including reactions between different phases and time-dependent volume fractions of the solid phases as these are continuously dissolved and reconstructed during operation of conversion batteries. We find that the constraint of incompressibility for multi-component fluids causes numerical instabilities in simulations of zinc-air battery cells. Therefore, we develop a stable sequential semi-implicit algorithm which converges against the fully implicit solution. Our method reduces the coupling of the variables by splitting the system of equations and introducing an additional iteration step.Comment: 13 pages, 10 figure

The Approach-Avoidance Job Crafting Scale: Development and validation of a measurement of the hierarchical structure of job crafting

The Approach-Avoidance Job Crafting Scale (AAJCS) builds on our adjusted version of a hierarchical structure of job crafting by Zhang and Parker from 2019. In developing and validating the new AAJCS, we, first, developed the German items in a stepwise procedure (pilot study). Second, we tested the factor structure and reliability (Study 1). Third, we replicated previous results and tested the construct validity (Study 2). Fourth, we ensured the criterion validity of the AAJCS (Study 3). The results suggested the existence of two independent factors, namely, approach and avoidance crafting, rather than a global job crafting factor. Furthermore, approach and avoidance crafting each consist of four job crafting dimensions, thus reflecting the hierarchical structure of job crafting. Within these dimensions, aspects of previous job crafting concepts are integrated. The distinction between approach and avoidance crafting became apparent in the comparison of their criterion validities as follows: Approach crafting was positively related to work-related outcomes, while avoidance crafting was negatively associated with work engagement and performance. Furthermore, approach and avoidance crafting exhibited incremental validity with regard to predict work engagement and performance beyond previous job crafting concepts. Approach crafting was positively associated while avoidance crafting was negatively associated with work engagement and performance.Peer Reviewe

Lonely Today, Lonely Tomorrow: Temporal Dynamics of Loneliness in Everyday Life and its Associations With Psychopathological Symptoms

This publication is with permission of the rights owner (Sage) freely accessible.Although theory emphasizes that loneliness fluctuates in everyday life, most previous studies focused on the general and stable tendency of feeling lonely. In the present study, we used daily diary data collected over two 4-week periods (N1 = 3,309; N2 = 907) to examine different indicators of temporal dynamics of loneliness in everyday life and compare them with temporal dynamics of positive and negative affect. Moreover, we examined associations between temporal dynamics of loneliness and psychopathological symptoms (i.e., stress, anxiety, depression). We found large similarities in the variability, instability, and inertia of loneliness and affect. Moreover, all indicators of temporal dynamics of loneliness were related to psychopathological symptoms. However, these indicators had little added value above the average state and trait level of loneliness in predicting psychopathology. We discuss the potential of assessing the short-term dynamics of loneliness for the early detection of mental health issues.Peer Reviewe

Verbesserung einer Kreuzkorrelationsanalyse mit ungünstiger Quellverteilung durch Slant Stack und Migrationsanalyse

Aufgrund des nicht isotropen seismischen Hintergrundsignals, das im Stadtgebiet von Bukarest aufgezeichnet wurde, können die Wellengruppen in den Kreuzkorrelogrammen nicht als Impulsantwort des Untergrundes interpretiert werden. Die dominanten Wellengruppen konnten aber mit Hilfe einer Migrationsanalyse einer Punktquelle im Stadtgebiet zugeordnet werden. Die extrem kurze Länge der Ausgangszeitreihen, die zum Lokalisieren der Punktquelle in der Migrationsanalyse benötigt werden, ermöglicht eine Abbildung ihrer zeitlichen Variationen. Mit Hilfe eines Slant Stacks konnten die Wellengruppen in den Kreuzkorrelogrammen, die auf dem diffusen Anteil im seismischen Hintergrundsignal basieren, durch Stapelung verstärkt werden, während die dominanten Wellengruppen der Punktquelle in der Stapelung nicht verstärkt wurden. Auf diese Weise konnten das Signal-Stör-Verhältnis wesentlich verbessert und Dispersionskurven gewonnen werden. Diese konnten zu einem einfachen Untergrundmodell invertiert werden, das eine Lücke in den vorhandenen Modellen für die Struktur in den ersten 400 m unter Bukarest schließt

Обучение креативной деятельности как одно из направлений современного зарубежного образования (на примере Великобритании)

Представлен анализ зарубежной психолого-педагогической литературы, а также правительственных документов Великобритании, посвященных проблемам обучения креативной деятельности. Выявлено, что креативная деятельность характеризуется целенаправленностью, ориентирована на создание нового продукта, связана с вовлечением воображения и ориентирована на развитие мышления учащихся и формирование у них навыков решения проблемных задач. Выявлены условия успешности обучения креативной деятельности, к которым относятся обучение учащихся критическому мышлению; учет индивидуальных особенностей учащихся; предоставление адекватной оценки деятельности учащихся; рациональное распределение времени и уровня нагрузки; положительная мотивация учащихся; активное вовлечение положительных эмоций учащихся; предоставление учащимся адекватного уровня свободы действий; соблюдение баланса между традиционными и инновационными методами обучения; совместная работа учащихся; наличие у учащихся навыков решения проблемных задач. Исследование показало, что обучение креативной деятельности является одним из основных направлений процесса реорганизации системы образования за рубежом

Distinguishing simple and residual consistencies in functionally equivalent and non-equivalent situations: Evidence from experimental and observational longitudinal data

The current work examines consistencies of personality state scores across functionally equivalent and non-equivalent situations. We argue that simple consistency, defined as the correlation between state scores without taking people’s straits into account, needs to be distinguished from residual consistency that does account for traits. The existence of residual consistency reflects systematic interindividual differences in how people respond to situations, above and beyond what is expected from their traits. We examine the level and individual differences in all of these forms of consistency. In four micro-longitudinal studies (total N = 671), participants first provided trait self-ratings and then state ratings, either in response to two situation vignettes presented at separate testing occasions (Studies 1 and 2) or during experience sampling in daily life (Studies 3 and 4). In all studies, simple consistency was substantial, and the level of residual consistency varied with the level of functional equivalence of the situations. Further, individual differences in both simple and residual consistencies were only weakly correlated, suggesting no underlying general factor but only trait-specific consistencies. We conclude that there are consistent individual differences in how people respond to equivalent situations, even when their personality trait scores have been taken into account.Peer Reviewe