446 research outputs found

    Triplet-singlet conversion by broadband optical pumping

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    We demonstrate the conversion of cold Cs_{2} molecules initially distributed over several vibrational levels of the lowest triplet state a^{3}\Sigma_{u}^{+} into the singlet ground state X^{1}\Sigma_{g}^{+}. This conversion is realized by a broadband laser exciting the molecules to a well-chosen state from which they may decay to the singlet state throug\textcolor{black}{h two sequential single-photon emission steps: Th}e first photon populates levels with mixed triplet-singlet character, making possible a second spontaneous emission down to several vibrational levels of the X^{1}\Sigma_{g}^{+} states. By adding an optical scheme for vibrational cooling, a substantial fraction of molecules are transferred to the ground vibrational level of the singlet state. The efficiency of the conversion process, with and without vibrational cooling, is discussed at the end of the article. The presented conversion is general in scope and could be extended to other molecules.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

    Analyse des modÚles d'affaires des médias traditionnels face à la multiplication des plateformes électroniques : cas Quebecor Media inc.

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    Cette Ă©tude traite de l'adaptation des modĂšles d'affaires des entreprises de mĂ©dias traditionnels. L'objectif principal est de proposer un cadre empirique aux dirigeants des entreprises de mĂ©dias traditionnels afin de les aider Ă  tracer la meilleure trajectoire d'innovation dans un environnement aussi changeant que celui des mĂ©dias. En effet, l'industrie des mĂ©dias est en pleine phase de transformation. Elle fait face Ă  de nouveaux contextes concurrentiels et Ă  des changements profonds de paradigmes. Ainsi, ce secteur compte en grande partie sur les revenus publicitaires, alors que ces derniers subissent une migration vers les plateformes Ă©lectroniques. La rentabilitĂ© des mĂ©dias traditionnels se trouve donc menacĂ©e. Ce mĂ©moire tentera d'apporter des recommandations empiriques pour que les mĂ©dias traditionnels s'ajustent au nouvel environnement concurrentiel. La question de recherche se rĂ©sume comme suit : « Quelles sont les stratĂ©gies des entreprises de mĂ©dias traditionnels Ă  mettre en place pour redevenir compĂ©titives dans le nouvel environnement concurrentiel? » Afin de rĂ©pondre Ă  cette problĂ©matique, un cadre thĂ©orique particuliĂšrement riche a rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© la pertinence de l'utilisation des trois concepts clĂ©s suivants : innovation, coopĂ©tition, Ă©cosystĂšme. En effet, les entreprises se trouvent dans un rĂ©seau appelĂ© Ă©cosystĂšme. À travers ce rĂ©seau, elles tissent des relations coopĂ©titives fonctionnelles (ou non fonctionnelles parfois) dans le but de favoriser des manƓuvres stratĂ©giques favorables Ă  l'Ă©mergence d'une innovation ouverte ou encore d'une innovation en rĂ©seau. ConsidĂ©rant ces changements, une application au cas Quebecor Media inc. (QMi), selon la mĂ©thodologie de l'Ă©tude de cas, a permis de comprendre dans un premier temps la situation de QMi selon le cadre conceptuel choisi et, dans un second temps, de dĂ©terminer les recommandations nĂ©cessaires pour amĂ©liorer la rentabilitĂ© du secteur des mĂ©dias traditionnels. La contribution de ce mĂ©moire constitue essentiellement en une nouvelle maniĂšre de percevoir la relation qui devrait lier l'ensemble des mĂ©dias traditionnels Ă  l'ensemble des nouveaux mĂ©dias, puisque la stratĂ©gie de complĂ©mentaritĂ© est un des garants de la survie des entreprises de mĂ©dias intĂ©grĂ©s. Ainsi, pour une entreprise de mĂ©dias intĂ©grĂ©s comme QMi, un des objectifs serait de garder une sorte d'homĂ©ostasie entre ses diffĂ©rentes filiales et ses diffĂ©rentes divisions dans un marchĂ© oĂč il y a d'autres joueurs et d'autres concurrents majeurs. Ceci serait facilitĂ© si le suivi de la migration de la clientĂšle publicitaire des mĂ©dias traditionnels vers les nouveaux mĂ©dias Ă©tait assurĂ©. Ce succĂšs pourrait ĂȘtre assurĂ© en partie par la crĂ©ativitĂ© et l'excellence du contenu fourni, quĂ©bĂ©cois et canadien. Les blogues sur Internet ont certes beaucoup d'influence auprĂšs des internautes, mais les tĂ©lĂ©s et les journaux continuent d'assurer un certain niveau d'auditoire en raison de l'aspect professionnel qui entoure l'information diffusĂ©e. Ces manƓuvres stratĂ©giques permettront de garantir la pĂ©rennitĂ© des mĂ©dias traditionnels si l'aspect complĂ©mentaire entre les deux types de mĂ©dias Ă©tait considĂ©rĂ© avec plus de rigueur, surtout que la rĂ©glementation canadienne en matiĂšre de radiodiffusion reste rigide face Ă  un volet « Internet » sans frontiĂšres. Ainsi ces diffĂ©rentes stratĂ©gies permettront aux entreprises de mĂ©dias traditionnels de redevenir compĂ©titives dans ce nouvel environnement. Enfin, Ă©tant donnĂ© les particularitĂ©s de cette Ă©tude, il faut noter les quelques limites de ce mĂ©moire, les contributions personnelles et les avenues de recherches possibles.\ud ______________________________________________________________________________ \ud MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : mĂ©dias, nouveaux mĂ©dias, mĂ©dias traditionnels, modĂšles d'affaires, Ă©cosystĂšme, coopĂ©tition, innovation ouverte, plateformes Ă©lectroniques

    Is the sensitivity to ammonium nutrition related to nitrogen accumulation?

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    Nitrate and ammonium can be used as nitrogen sources by most plant species although plant response to continuous ammonium nutrition is species dependent. In the present study, the effect of the nitrogen source (nitrate and ammonium) on growth, photosynthetic parameters, nitrogen content and nitrogen assimilating-enzymes (nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase and glutamate dehydrogenase) was investigated in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and lucerne (Medicago truncatula L.). Obtained results showed that these plant species vary in their sensitivity to NH4+ nutrition, with wheat to be highly sensitive, tomato moderately sensitive and lucerne tolerant to ammonium nutrition. For the three plant species, the growth reduction was correlated closely to ammonium accumulation in leaves. Moreover, contrary to that was observed for wheat plants, glutamine synthetase and glutamate dehydrogenase activities were higher in roots than in leaves, for tomato and lucerne plants. Taken together, these data suggest that the site of ammonium assimilation is a key factor controlling tolerance to ammonium nutrition in the different plant species, with plants being more tolerant when ammonium is assimilated in roots

    Circumcaval ureter with synchronous ipsilateral transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis and the urinary bladder: report of a case and review of the literature

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    We report a case of concomitant transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) in a circumcaval ureter and invasive bladder cancer. The diagnosis was based on the findings of excretory urography (IVU) and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT). IVU showed a typical J-shaped deformity in the dilated right proximal ureteric segment with moderate hydronephrosis and a filling defect in the renal pelvis, while abdominal CT with contrast showed right hydronephrosis with an intrapelvic tumor. The patient underwent radical cystoprostatectomy and nephroureterectomy. No recurrence was detected after 12 months of follow-up.Key Words: Circumcaval, retrocaval, ureter, bladder, transitional cell carcinom

    Ammonium ytterbium(III) diphosphate(V)

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    The title compound, NH4YbP2O7, crystallizes in the KAlP2O7 structure type and consists of distorted YbO6 octa­hedra and bent P2O7 4− diphosphate units forming together a three-dimensional network. There are channels in the structure running along the c axis, where the NH4 + cations are located. They are connected via N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds to the terminal O atoms of the diphosphate anions

    Does the Source of Nitrogen Affect the Response of Tomato Plants to Saline Stress?

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    The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of the source of nitrogen (N) nutrition on the response of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Rio Grande) plants to saline stress (100 mM NaCl). To this end, plant growth, chlorophyll and carbohydrate levels, ion contents as well as N compounds and main N-metabolizing enzymes (nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase) were analyzed in salt-treated and control plants grown in the presence of either NO3-, NH4+, or the mixture of NO3- and NH4+. Our results showed that plant growth declined under saline stress but NO3--fed plants were less sensitive to salinity than NH4+-fed plants. This different sensitivity was due mainly to a better maintenance of root growth and root nitrate reductase activity in NO3--fed plants. Concomitantly, leaf chlorophyll content was significantly decreased, regardless of the N source. Salinity affects the uptake of several nutrients in a different way, depending on the N source. Thus, sodium was accumulated mainly in NH4+-fed plants, especially in roots, displacing other cations such as NH4+and potassium. It is concluded that the N source is a major factor affecting tomato responses to saline stress, plants being more sensitive when NH4+ is the source used. The different sensitivity is discussed in terms of a competition for energy between N assimilation and sodium exclusion processes
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