Effect of Hesperidin with and without a Calcium (Calcilock®) Supplement on Bone Health in Postmenopausal Women

Context: Citrus fruits contain unique flavanones. One of the most abundant of the flavanones, hesperidin, has been shown to prevent bone loss in ovariectomized rats. Objective: The objective of the study was to measure the effect of hesperidin with or without calcium supplementation on bone calcium retention in postmenopausal women. Design: The study was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized-order crossover design of 500 g hesperidin with or without 500 mg calcium supplement in 12 healthy postmenopausal women. Bone calcium retention was determined from urinary excretion of the rare isotope, 41Ca, from bone. Results: Calcium plus hesperidin, but not hesperidin alone, improved bone calcium retention by 5.5% (P < .04). Conclusion: Calcium supplementation (Calcilock), in combination with hesperidin, is effective at preserving bone in postmenopausal women. - See more at: http://press.endocrine.org/doi/10.1210/jc.2015-3767#sthash.ztalWWcv.dpu

Pregnancy and lactation, a challenge for the skeleton

In this review we discuss skeletal adaptations to the demanding situation of pregnancy and lactation. Calcium demands are increased during pregnancy and lactation, and this is effectuated by a complex series of hormonal changes. The changes in bone structure at the tissue and whole bone level observed during pregnancy and lactation appear to largely recover over time. The magnitude of the changes observed during lactation may relate to the volume and duration of breastfeeding and return to regular menses. Studies examining long-term consequences of pregnancy and lactation suggest that there are small, site-specific benefits to bone density, and that bone geometry may also be affected. Pregnancy- and lactation-induced osteoporosis (PLO) is a rare disease for which the pathophysiological mechanism is as yet incompletely known; here we discuss and speculate on the possible roles of genetics, oxytocin, sympathetic tone and bone marrow fat. Finally, we discuss fracture healing during pregnancy and lactation and the effects of estrogen on this process

EXERCICE PHYSIQUE, CARENCE ANDROGENIQUE ET METABOLISME OSSEUX CHEZ LE RAT MALE

L'OBJECTIF ETAIT DE DETERMINER LES EVENTUELS EFFETS INHIBITEUR, CURATIF ET/OU PREVENTIF DE LA COURSE D'ENDURANCE (60% VO 2MAX, PENDANT 3 MOIS) SUR LA PERTE OSSEUSE CONSECUTIVE A LA CASTRATION CHEZ LE RAT MALE. DE PLUS, L'ETUDE DE L'INFLUENCE D'UN TEL EXERCICE SUR LA MASSE OSSEUSE DE L'ANIMAL AGE ET ENTIER A ETE ETUDIEE. DES RATS MALES WISTAR ONT ETE CASTRES (CX) OU PSEUDO-OPERES (SH) A L'AGE DE 6 SEMAINES OU DE 5 MOIS ET, IMMEDIATEMENT, 3 MOIS AVANT OU APRES LA CHIRURGIE, ONT ETE ENTRAINES A LA COURSE (E) OU LAISSES SEDENTAIRES (R). DE MEME, DES RATS AGES DE 15 MOIS ONT SUIVI UN PROGRAMME DE COURSE CORRESPONDANT A 60% DE LEUR VO 2MAX. LA CASTRATION PRATIQUEE A L'AGE DE 6 SEMAINES, 2 OU 5 MOIS A INDUIT UNE DIMINUTION DE LA DENSITE FEMORALE METAPHYSAIRE, AINSI QU'UNE REDUCTION DE L'AIRE TRABECULAIRE MESUREE AU MEME SITE. CETTE PERTURBATION N'ETAIT PAS OBSERVEE CHEZ LES RATS SOUMIS A L'EXERCICE, QUE LA COURSE SOIT PRATIQUEE IMMEDIATEMENT APRES ORCHIDECTOMIE (A L'AGE DE 6 SEMAINES OU 5 MOIS), OU 3 MOIS AVANT OU APRES L'ABLATION. LES VALEURS DE DENSITE ET D'AIRE TRABECULAIRE DES RATS CASTRES COUREURS SONT RAMENEES A UN NIVEAU EQUIVALENT A CELUI DES PSEUDO-OPERES SEDENTAIRES. CHEZ LE RAT AGE ENTIER, LA DENSITE OSSEUSE DES COUREURS EST MAINTENUE AU NIVEAU DE CELLE DES RATS TEMOINS INITIAUX. AU CONTRAIRE, CE PARAMETRE DIMINUE PROGRESSIVEMENT CHEZ LES SEDENTAIRES. LA DESOXYPYRIDINOLINE EST AUGMENTEE PAR LA CASTRATION ET EST RESTAUREE PAR L'EXERCICE (LES TEMOINS ET LES CASTRES-EXERCICE AYANT DES VALEURS IDENTIQUES). CHEZ LES ANIMAUX PLUS AGES, UNE AUGMENTATION DE LA DESOXYPYRIDINOLINURIE AVEC L'AGE EST OBSERVEE, MAIS UNIQUEMENT CHEZ LES RATS SEDENTAIRES. EN CONCLUSION, LA COURSE D'ENDURANCE INHIBE, PREVIENT ET RESTAURE L'OSTEOPENIE INDUITE PAR CASTRATION CHEZ LE RAT MALE EN CROISSANCE OU ADULTE. CHEZ LE RAT MALE AGE, ELLE PERMET D'EVITER LA DIMINUTION DE LA MASSE OSSEUSE LIEE AU VIEILLISSEMENT.CLERMONT FD-BCIU Sci.et Tech. (630142101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Carnosol Inhibits Pro-Inflammatory and Catabolic Mediators of Cartilage Breakdown in Human Osteoarthritic Chondrocytes and Mediates Cross-Talk between Subchondral Bone Osteoblasts and Chondrocytes.

AIM: The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of carnosol, a rosemary polyphenol, on pro-inflammatory and catabolic mediators of cartilage breakdown in chondrocytes and via bone-cartilage crosstalk. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Osteoarthritic (OA) human chondrocytes were cultured in alginate beads for 4 days in presence or absence of carnosol (6 nM to 9 muM). The production of aggrecan, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1, interleukin (IL)-6 and nitric oxide (NO) and the expression of type II collagen and ADAMTS-4 and -5 were analyzed. Human osteoblasts from sclerotic (SC) or non-sclerotic (NSC) subchondral bone were cultured for 3 days in presence or absence of carnosol before co-culture with chondrocytes. Chondrocyte gene expression was analyzed after 4 days of co-culture. RESULTS: In chondrocytes, type II collagen expression was significantly enhanced in the presence of 3 muM carnosol (p = 0.008). MMP-3, IL-6, NO production and ADAMTS-4 expression were down-regulated in a concentration-dependent manner by carnosol (p<0.01). TIMP-1 production was slightly increased at 3 muM (p = 0.02) and ADAMTS-5 expression was decreased from 0.2 to 9 muM carnosol (p<0.05). IL-6 and PGE2 production was reduced in the presence of carnosol in both SC and NSC osteoblasts while alkaline phosphatase activity was not changed. In co-culture experiments preincubation of NSC and SC osteoblasts wih carnosol resulted in similar effects to incubation with anti-IL-6 antibody, namely a significant increase in aggrecan and decrease in MMP-3, ADAMTS-4 and -5 gene expression by chondrocytes. CONCLUSIONS: Carnosol showed potent inhibition of pro-inflammatory and catabolic mediators of cartilage breakdown in chondrocytes. Inhibition of matrix degradation and enhancement of formation was observed in chondrocytes cocultured with subchondral osteoblasts preincubated with carnosol indicating a cross-talk between these two cellular compartments, potentially mediated via inhibition of IL-6 in osteoblasts as similar results were obtained with anti-IL-6 antibody

Musculoskeletal system in the old age and the demand for healthy ageing biomarkers

Population ageing has emerged as a major demographic trend worldwide due to improved health and longevity. This global ageing phenomenon will have a major impact on health-care systems worldwide due to increased morbidity and greater needs for hospitalization/institutionalization. As the ageing population increases worldwide, there is an increasing awareness not only of increased longevity but also of the importance of "healthy ageing" and "quality of life". Yet, the age related chronic inflammation is believed to be pathogenic with regards to its contribution to frailty and degenerative disorders. In particular, the frailty syndrome is increasingly being considered as a key risk indicator of adverse health outcomes. In addition, elderly may be also prone to be resistant to anabolic stimuli which is likely a key factor in the loss of skeletal muscle mass with ageing. Vital to understand these key biological processes is the development of biological markers, through system biology approaches, aiding at strategies for tailored therapeutic and personalized nutritional program. Overall aim is to prevent or attenuate decline of key physiological functions required to live an active, independent life. This review focus on core indicators of health and functions in older adults, where nutrition and tailored personalized programs could exhibit preventive roles, and where the aid of metabolomics technologies are increasingly displaying potential in revealing key molecular mechanisms/targets linked to specific ageing and/or healthy ageing processes. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved

Impact of moderate dietary protein restriction on glucose homeostasis in a model of oestrogen deficiency.

The need to consume adequate dietary protein to preserve physical function during ageing is well recognized. However, the effect of protein intakes on glucose metabolism is still intensively debated. During age-related oestrogen withdrawal at the time of the menopause, it is known that glucose homeostasis may be impaired but the influence of dietary protein levels in this context is unknown. The aim of the present study is to elucidate the individual and interactive effects of oestrogen deficiency and suboptimal protein intake on glucose homeostasis in a preclinical model involving ovariectomy (OVX) and a 13-week period of a moderately reduced protein intake in 7-month-old ageing rats. To investigate mechanisms of action acting via the pancreas-liver-muscle axis, fasting circulating levels of insulin, glucagon, IGF-1, FGF21 and glycemia were measured. The hepatic lipid infiltration and the protein expression of GLUT4 in the gastrocnemius were analyzed. The gene expression of some hepatokines, myokines and lipid storage/oxidation related transcription factors were quantified in the liver and the gastrocnemius. We show that, regardless of the oestrogen status, moderate dietary protein restriction increases fasting glycaemia without modifying insulinemia, body weight gain and composition. This fasting hyperglycaemia is associated with oestrogen status-specific metabolic alterations in the muscle and liver. In oestrogen-replete (SHAM) rats, GLUT4 was down-regulated in skeletal muscle while in oestrogen-deficient (OVX) rats, hepatic stress-associated hyperglucagonaemia and high serum FGF21 were observed. These findings highlight the importance of meeting dietary protein needs to avoid disturbances in glucose homeostasis in ageing female rats with or without oestrogen withdrawal