Sufu defines the balance of hindbrain progenitor cells maintenance and differentiation

Suppressor of fused (Sufu) was identified as a regulator in Hedgehog signalling. Study shown that Sufu knockout mice were embryonic lethal at E9.5, exhibiting cephalic deformities, open neural tube and ventralized spinal cord resulting from ectopic Shh signalling, implying indispensable role of Sufu during development of central nervous system. Aiming to investigate the functions of Sufu in hindbrain neurogenesis, we used B2‐r4‐Cre to knock‐out Sufu in rhombomere4 (r4). We observed significant enlargement of mutant r4 size from E10.5, exhibiting more profound expansion in the dorsal region at E12.5. Accordingly, BrdU pulse labelling and sox2 staining showed region specific increased accumulation of proliferative progenitor cells, indicating differential maintenance of progenitor pools along the dorsoventral axis of r4. Tuj1 staining also showed impaired differentiation of the ectopic progenitor cells. Further analysis revealed dramatic dorsal expansion of pMN and p2 progenitor domains in mutant r4. Surprisingly, the FoxA2 positive floor plate, and the dorsal p0 domain were not severely affected, suggesting a novel domain specific regulation of neural progenitor pools by Sufu. Intriguingly, we observed spatial upregulation Gli1 and Gli2 transcription factors, selectively at the region that resides highly proliferative cells, implying that the increased cell proliferation could be caused by the changes of Gli transcription factors. Indeed, concomitant deletion of Gli2 in the Sufu mutant largely rescued the aberrant phenotypes. These findings clearly showed the requirement of Sufu to suppress Gli2 to conduct a domain specific regulation of hindbrain progenitor maintenance and differentiation. Our study demonstrates novel function of Sufu to ensure a tightly controlled progenitor pools maintenance and differentiation, mainly achieve by suppressing Gli2 activation.postprin

Measurement of electron antineutrino oscillation based on 1230 days of operation of the Daya Bay experiment

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Improved Search for a Light Sterile Neutrino with the Full Configuration of the Daya Bay Experiment

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Improved measurement of the reactor antineutrino flux and spectrum at Daya Bay

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Limits on active to sterile neutrino oscillations from disappearance searches in the MINOS, Daya Bay, and bugey-3 experiments

Searches for a light sterile neutrino have been performed independently by the MINOS and the Daya Bay experiments using the muon (anti)neutrino and electron antineutrino disappearance channels, respectively. In this Letter, results from both experiments are combined with those from the Bugey-3 reactor neutrino experiment to constrain oscillations into light sterile neutrinos. The three experiments are sensitive to complementary regions of parameter space, enabling the combined analysis to probe regions allowed by the Liquid Scintillator Neutrino Detector (LSND) and MiniBooNE experiments in a minimally extended four-neutrino flavor framework. Stringent limits on sin^2 2θμe are set over 6 orders of magnitude in the sterile mass-squared splitting Δm^2 41. The sterile-neutrino mixing phase space allowed by the LSND and MiniBooNE experiments is excluded for Δm^2 41 < 0.8 eV^2 at 95% CLs

The detector system of the Daya Bay reactor neutrino experiment

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Suppressor of fused controls the maintenance of neural progenitor pools and regulates notch pathway activity in rhombomere 4

Conference Theme: From Embryology to Disease MechanismsSymposium in Honor of Patrick Tam FRS "60 Years & Still Gastrulating