Електронний путівник і координатор (Завдання та функції інформаційного ресурсу Науково-видавничої ради НАН України «Наукові публікації і видавнича діяльність»)

Purpose: Physical activity (PA) is an important behavior when it comes to preventing or slowing down disablement caused by aging and chronic diseases. It remains unclear whether PA can directly prevent or reduce disability in activities of daily living (ADL). This article presents a meta-analysis of the association between PA and the incidence and progression of basic ADL disability (BADL). Methods: Electronic literature search and cross-referencing of prospective longitudinal studies of PA and BADL in community dwelling older adults (50+) with baseline and follow-up measurements, multivariate analysis and reporting a point estimate for the association. Results: Compared with a low PA, a medium/high PA level reduced the risk of incident BADL disability by 0.51 (95% CI: 0.38, 0.68; p < 001), based on nine longitudinal studies involving 17,000 participants followed up for 3–10 years. This result was independent of age, length of follow-up, study quality, and differences in demographics, health status, functional limitations, and lifestyle. The risk of progression of BADL disability in older adults with a medium/high PA level compared with those with a low PA level was 0.55 (95% CI: 0.42, 0.71; p < 001), based on four studies involving 8500 participants. Discussion: This is the first meta-analysis to show that being physically active prevents and slows down he disablement process in aging or diseased populations, positioning PA as the most effective preventive trategy in preventing and reducing disability, independence and health care cost in aging societies

What determines walking of older people in their neighborhood?

Based on literature review and five focus groups, a model was analyzed describing individual, social environmental and physical environmental (perceived) determinants of walking by older people. Aim was to test whether these determinants were significantly associated with the duration of walking by older people (N = 567, 50 - 80 years) in a middle-sized Dutch town. Walking time was best predicted by attitude towards walking (partial correlation in model (partial r) 0.18; p < 0.05), social contacts (partial r 0.12, p < 0.05), perceived quality of life (partial r 0.21 p < 0.01), satisfaction with the demographics of the neighborhood (partial r - 0.14, p < 0.01), and walking outside the neighborhood (partial r 0.28 p < 0.01). The model explained 20% of the total variance in walking time. Conclusion is that individual and social determinants predicted the most variance in walking time and that perceived environmental determinants played only a minor role. Health promotion actions may benefit from these insights

Dropout from exercise programs for seniors: a prospective cohort study

This study examines dropout incidence, moment of dropout, and switching behavior in organized exercise programs for seniors in the Netherlands, as determined in a prospective cohort study (with baseline measurements at the start of the exercise program and follow-up after 6 months; N = 1,725, response rate 73%). Participants were community-living individuals 50+ who participated in different forms of organized exercise programs. The average dropout incidence was 0.15 per 6 months, which is lower than that for the general population. The dropout incidence and the timing of dropout differed substantially between the exercise programs. In total, 31% of people who dropped out of one type of exercise program switched to another type of exercise. The type of program and exercise had a strong effect on differences in this switching behavior. It is recommended that switching behavior be monitored in future studie

Coping with pain in the hip or knee in relation to physical disability in community-living elderly people

__Objective__ To investigate the use of pain coping strategies by community-living older people with pain in the hip or knee and the mediating role of coping with pain in the relationship between the chronicity of pain and physical disability. __Methods__ A group of 157 people with pain 'in the last month' was identified. Coping with pain was assessed with the Pain Coping Inventory, physical disability with the Sickness Impact Profile, and household and sport activities with a validated structured interview method. __Results__ People with chronic pain used relatively more 'resting,' and 'reducing demands' as pain coping strategies. Pain chronicity made a significant contribution to physical disability; however, when corrected for other variables in a regression model, no significant partial correlation was found. __Conclusion__ We conclude that pain coping has a mediating role in the relationship between pain chronicity and physical disability. Less use of 'resting' and a physically active lifestyle are independently associated with less physical disability

Determinants of physical activity and exercise in healthy older adults: A systematic review

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The health benefits of regular physical activity and exercise have been widely acknowledged. Unfortunately, a decline in physical activity is observed in older adults. Knowledge of the determinants of physical activity (unstructured activity incorporated in daily life) and exercise (structured, planned and repetitive activities) is needed to effectively promote an active lifestyle. Our aim was to systematically review determinants of physical activity and exercise participation among healthy older adults, considering the methodological quality of the included studies.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Literature searches were conducted in PubMed/Medline and PsycINFO/OVID for peer reviewed manuscripts published in English from 1990 onwards. We included manuscripts that met the following criteria: 1) population: community dwelling healthy older adults, aged 55 and over; 2) reporting determinants of physical activity or exercise. The outcome measure was qualified as physical activity, exercise, or combination of the two, measured objectively or using self-report. The methodological quality of the selected studies was examined and a best evidence synthesis was applied to assess the association of the determinants with physical activity or exercise.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Thirty-four manuscripts reporting on 30 studies met the inclusion criteria, of which two were of high methodological quality. Physical activity was reported in four manuscripts, exercise was reported in sixteen and a combination of the two was reported in fourteen manuscripts. Three manuscripts used objective measures, twenty-two manuscripts used self-report measures and nine manuscripts combined a self-report measure with an objective measure. Due to lack of high quality studies and often only one manuscript reporting on a particular determinant, we concluded "insufficient evidence" for most associations between determinants and physical activity or exercise.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Because physical activity was reported in four manuscripts only, the determinants of physical activity particularly need further study. Recommendations for future research include the use of objective measures of physical activity or exercise as well as valid and reliable measures of determinants.</p

Response Conversion for Improving Comparability of International Physical Activity Data

Background: Many questionnaires for measuring physical activity (PA) exist. This complicates the comparison of outcomes. Methods: In 8 European countries, PA was measured in random samples of 600 persons, using the IPAQ as a 'bridge' to historical sets of country-specific questions. We assume that a unidimensional scale of PA ability exists on which items and respondents can be placed, irrespective of country, culture, background factors, or measurement instrument. Response Conversion (RC) based on Item Response Theory (IRT) was used to estimate such a common PA scale, to compare PA levels between countries, and to create a conversion key. Comparisons were made with Eurobarometer (IPAQ) data. Results: Appropriateness of IRT was supported by the existence of a strong first dimension established by principal component analysis. The IRT analysis resulted in 1 common PA scale with a reasonable fit and face validity. However, evidence for cultural bias (Differential Item Functioning, DIF) was found in all IPAQ items. This result made actual comparison between countries difficult. Conclusions: Response Conversion can improve comparability in the field of PA. RC needs common items that are culturally unbiased. Wide-scale use of RC awaits measures that are more culturally invariant (such as international accelerometer data). © 2012 Human Kinetics, Inc

A systematic review assessing non-pharmacological conservative treatment studies for people with non-inflammatory multi-joint pain: clinical outcomes and research design considerations

To systematically review the evidence to determine the clinical outcomes and the important methodological quality features of interventional studies on adults with non-inflammatory multi-joint pain (MJP). Systematic search of published and unpublished literature using the databases: AMED, CINAHL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, psycINFO, SPORTDiscus, PEDro, OpenGrey, the EU Clinical Trials Register, World Health Organization International Clinical Trial Registry Platform, ClinicalTrials.gov and the ISRCTN registry (search: inception to 19th October 2017). All papers reporting the clinical outcomes of non-pharmacological interventions for people with non-inflammatory MJP were included. Studies were critically appraised using the Downs and Black Critical Appraisal and the TIDieR reporting checklists. Data were analysed using a Best Evidence Synthesis approach. From 3824 citations, four papers satisfied the eligibility criteria. Three studies reported outcomes from multidisciplinary rehabilitation programmes and one study reported the findings of a spa therapy intervention. All interventions significantly improved pain, function and quality of life in the short-term. There was limited reporting of measures for absenteeism, presenteeism and psychosocial outcomes. The evidence was ‘weak’, and due to a lack of controlled trials, there is limited evidence to ascertain treatment effectiveness. Design consideration for future trials surround improved reporting of participant characteristics, interventions and the standardisation of core outcome measures. There is insufficient high-quality trial data to determine the effectiveness of treatments for non-inflammatory MJP. Given the significant health burden which this condition presents on both individuals and wider society, developing and testing interventions and accurately reporting these, should be a research priority