Understanding Hope: A Review of Measurement and Construct Validity Research

Hope has been discussed by philosophers, theologians, educators, and scientists, to name but a few groups of people, over the preceding two millennia. During the last 15 years, C. R. Snyder and his colleagues at the University of Kansas have developed a theory and associated measures of the hope construct that have received extensive, detailed attention both within and outside the field of psychology. In this chapter, we describe Snyder\u27s hope model and some of the research findings that have supported the validity of this construct. Beginning with a conceptual definition of hope, we move to relevant findings about the usefulness of hope in the lives of individuals in various life arenas. We describe measures developed for assessing hope in children and adults, as well as current issues associated with the validity of hope measurement. Finally, we discuss future directions for further investigation of hope

Cultural Discourses of Classification: Indigenous Alternatives to the Tradition of Aristotle, Durkheim and Foucault

The paper explores the cultural construction of classification by identifying fundamental characteristics of classification and examining how these fit with other cultures. Foucault's method of discourse analysis is applied to selected texts on classification in two areas. The first area is classification, originated in the dominant western culture. The second area is classifications from indigenous cultures. It is concluded that classification research needs to have an increasing awareness of the cultural construction of classification schemes, and to work with alternatives to approaches of fundamental universal principles of classification

Congenitally Missing Maxillary First Molars: A Case Study Conducted on FSD 19-161

Congenitally missing maxillary first molars are considered a trait that is indicative of Asian ancestry, specifically Japanese. Previous studies, including the one conducted by Ryota Abea et. al (2010), have linked the absence of this tooth with groupings of individuals that originate in this region of the world. In the forensic context, understanding the congenital absence of this molar can allow for greater interpretation of the skeletal remains and provide the forensic anthropologist the ability to create a more accurate biological profile of the individual in question. FSD 19-161 arrived at the University of Montana from the Petroleum County Coroner’s Office in September of 2019 when forensic anthropological analysis began. After conducting the analysis of the remains presented, it was originally profiled as a European Male through metric and non-metric methods. However, several methods assessed contradictory ancestry estimations. One method indicated European ancestry, while another indicated Japanese descent. Dental x-rays were also taken of the decedent and analyzed to provide a greater understanding of the individual and their pathologies. After reviewing the dental x-rays, it was confirmed that the maxillary first molars were actually missing and that these molars are congenitally absent and were not pulled antemortem, due to the placement and angle of the second molar root. Taking what was already known about the ancestral relationship of this pathology , with the new information provided by the dental x-rays we were able to readjust the biological profile of the decedent and included that the individual was likely of mixed European and Japanese descent. The congenital absence of the first maxillary molars is indicative of Japanese descent and understanding that this pathology is associated with certain ancestral populations can assist forensic anthropologists in creating a more accurate and complete biological profile, as evidenced by case FSD 19-161. Understanding the significance of the congenital absence of teeth, specifically the first maxillary molar, will result in more accurate biological profiles in the future. In depth analyses of a decedent’s teeth may allow for a more reliable interpretation and analysis of remains, which in turn would increase the likelihood of correctly identifying a decedent

Unfettered hope: a call to faithful living in an affluent society

Title: Unfettered hope: a call to faithful living in an affluent society. Author: Dawn, Marva J Unfettered hope xxii, 216 p. Publisher: Louisville : Westminster John Knox Press, 2003

A Promise of Hope: A Call to Obedience: Joel and Malachi

Reviewed Book: Deutsch, Richard R. A Promise of Hope: A Call to Obedience: Joel and Malachi. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans; Edinburgh: Handsel Press, 1987. International theological commentary

Synthetic monthly flow duration curves for the Cape Floristic Region, South Africa

A flow duration curve (FDC) provides a valuable planning and management tool since it describes the entire flow regime of a river. Water resource planning in South Africa is often based on monthly river flow data and synthetic FDCs are required for applications in ungauged catchments. The objective of this study was to derive 11 monthly FDC percentile flows andthe mean annual flow (MAQ) for catchments in the Cape Floristic Region of South Africa using regression equations with readily measureable catchment variables, including vegetation indices from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) satellite imagery. An ‘all-models’ approach with 10-fold validation was adopted to identify the ‘best’ regression models. Predictions of percentile flows above the median flow and MAQ were generally good but poor for low flows. Overall predictive uncertainty had a tendency to be larger in drier catchments. The most important predictive variables were catchment mean annual precipitation, physiography and soils. MODIS vegetation indices were significant predictors in equations for 6 percentile flows and MAQ, and predictive uncertainty increased if the MODIS indices were excluded from model development. The regression approach implemented in this study may be appropriate for other regionalisation studies that are based on a small sample of gauged catchments