396 research outputs found
Nuclear parton distributions in the DGLAP approach
Determination of the nuclear parton distributions within the framework of
perturbative QCD, the DGLAP equations in particular, is discussed. Scale and
flavour dependent nuclear effects in the parton distributions are compared with
the scale and flavour independent parametrizations of HIJING and of the Hard
Probe Collaboration. A comparison with the data from deep inelastic
lepton-nucleus scattering and the Drell-Yan process in proton-nucleus
collisions is shown.Comment: 19 pages, 6 eps-figures, to appear in the Proceedings of the Hard
Probe Collaboratio
Constraints for nuclear gluon shadowing from DIS data
The dependence of the ratios of the cross sections of deep inelastic
lepton--nucleus scattering is studied in the framework of leading twist, lowest
order perturbative QCD. The slope of the ratio is computed by using the DGLAP evolution equations, and shown
to be sensitive to the nuclear gluon distribution functions. Four different
parametrizations for the nuclear effects of parton distributions are studied.
We show that the NMC data on the dependence of
rule out the case where nuclear shadowing (suppression) of gluons at is much larger than the shadowing observed in the ratio . We also show that the possible nonlinear correction terms due to gluon
fusion in the evolution equations do not change this conclusion. Some
consequences for computation of RHIC multiplicities, which probe the region
x\gsim0.01, are also discussed.Comment: 11 pages, 3 eps figure
Global DGLAP fit analyses of the nPDF: EKS98 and HKM
The DGLAP analyses of the nuclear parton distribution functions (nPDF) based
on the global fits to the data are reviewed, and the results from EKS98 and HKM
are compared. The usefulness of measuring hard probes in collisions, at
the LHC in particular, is demonstrated.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures. Contribution to CERN Yellow Report on Hard
Probes in Heavy Ion Collisions at the LH
Constraints for nuclear gluon densities from DIS data
The dependence of the ratios of nuclear structure functions is
studied by performing QCD evolution of nuclear parton distribution functions.
The log slope of these ratios is very sensitive to the nuclear gluon
distribution function. Taking different parametrizations, we show that the NMC
data on the dependence of rule out the case
where nuclear shadowing (suppression) of gluons at is much larger
than the shadowing observed in the ratio . We also take into
account modifications to the DGLAP evolution by including gluon fusion terms
and see that the effect is small at present energies, and, in any case, a
strong gluon shadowing is not favored. The region studied () is
the most relevant for RHIC multiplicities.Comment: 4 pages, 3 postscript figures. Contributed to 37th Rencontres de
Moriond on QCD and Hadronic Interactions, Les Arcs, France, 16-23 Mar 200
Hadron multiplicities, pT-spectra and net-baryon number in central Pb+Pb collisions at the LHC
We compute the initial energy density and net baryon number density in 5%
most central Pb+Pb collisions at TeV from pQCD + (final state)
saturation, and describe the evolution of the produced system with
boost-invariant transversely expanding hydrodynamics. In addition to the total
multiplicity at midrapidity, we give predictions for the multiplicity of
charged hadrons, pions, kaons and (anti)protons, for the total transverse
energy and net-baryon number, as well as for the -spectrum of charged
hadrons, pions and kaons. We also predict the region of applicability of
hydrodynamics by comparing these results with high- hadron spectra
computed from pQCD and energy losses.Comment: 2 pages, 2 figures, to be presented at the workshop "Heavy Ion
Collisions at the LHC: Last Call for Predictions" at CERN 29 May - 2 Jun
Transverse Spectra of Hadrons in Central Collisions at RHIC and LHC from pQCD+Saturation+Hydrodynamics and from pQCD+Energy Losses
We study the transverse spectra of hadrons in nearly central collisions
at RHIC and LHC in a broad transverse momentum range Low- spectra are
calculated by using boost-invariant hydrodynamics with initial energy and
net-baryon densities from the EKRT pQCD+saturation model. High- spectra
are obtained from pQCD jet calculation including the energy loss of the parton
in the matter prior to its fragmentation to final hadrons.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, proceedings for Quark Matter 200
DGLAP analyses of nPDF: constraints from data
We explain how the constraints from present experimental data can be used to
obtain the nPDF in the framework of LO DGLAP evolution. We will also compare
the only two available sets of this type and comment on the important
information that neutrino factories could provide.Comment: 1 pages, 1 postscript figure. Invited talk at the NuFact'02 workshop
(Neutrino Factories based on Muon Storage Rings), London, July 200
The stability of life satisfaction in a 15-year follow-up of adult Finns healthy at baseline
BACKGROUND: While physical health has improved considerably over recent decades in Finland, the disease burden of mental health, especially that of depression, has become increasingly demanding. However, we lack long-term data on the natural course of subjective well-being in the general population. The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term course of self-reported life satisfaction. METHODS: This was a 15-year prospective cohort study on a nationwide sample of adult Finnish twins (N = 9679), aged 18â45 and healthy at baseline, who responded to postal questionnaires in 1975, 1981 and 1990 including a 4-item life satisfaction scale (happiness/easiness/interest in life and feelings of loneliness). Life satisfaction score (range: 4â20) was classified into three categories: satisfied (4â6), intermediate (7â11) and dissatisfied group (12â20). The associations between life satisfaction scores during the follow-up were studied with linear/logistic regression. RESULTS: Moderate stability and only a slight effect of age or birth-cohort on mean life satisfaction score (LS) were detected. In 1990, 56% of all and 31% of the dissatisfied remained in the same LS category as at baseline. Only 5.9% of the study subjects changed from being satisfied to dissatisfied or vice versa. Correlations between continuous scores (1975, 1981 and 1990) were 0.3â0.4. Baseline dissatisfaction (compared to satisfaction) predicted dissatisfaction in 1981 (OR = 10.4; 95%CI 8.3â13.1) and 1990 (5.6; 4.6â6.8). Multiple adjustments decreased the risk only slightly. CONCLUSIONS: Life satisfaction in adult Finns was moderately stable during 15 years. Among an identifiable group (i.e. the dissatisfied) life dissatisfaction may become persistent, which places them at a greater risk of adverse health outcomes
Cross-sectional area of the paraspinal muscles and its association with muscle strength among fighter pilots : A 5-year follow-up
Background: A small cross sectional area (CSA) of the paraspinal muscles may be related to low back pain among military aviators but previous studies have mainly concentrated on spinal disc degeneration. Therefore, the primary aim of the study was to investigate the changes in muscle CSA and composition of the psoas and paraspinal muscles during a 5-year follow up among Finnish Air Force (FINAF) fighter pilots. Methods: Study population consisted of 26 volunteered FINAF male fighter pilots (age: 20.6 (±0.6) at the baseline). The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations were collected at baseline and after 5 years of follow-up. CSA and composition of the paraspinal and psoas muscles were obtained at the levels of 3-4 and 4-5 lumbar spine. Maximal isometric strength tests were only performed on one occasion at baseline. Results: The follow-up comparisons indicated that the mean CSA of the paraspinal muscles increased (p <0.01) by 8% at L3-4 level and 7% at L4-5 level during the 5-year period. There was no change in muscle composition during the follow-up period. The paraspinal and psoas muscles' CSA was positively related to overall maximal isometric strength at the baseline. However, there was no association between LBP and muscle composition or CSA. Conclusions: The paraspinal muscles' CSA increased among FINAF fighter pilots during the first 5 years of service. This might be explained by physically demanding work and regular physical activity. However, no associations between muscle composition or CSA and low back pain (LBP) experienced were observed after the five-year follow-up. © 2019 The Author(s).Peer reviewe
RHIC-tested predictions for low- and high- hadron spectra in nearly central Pb+Pb collisions at the LHC
We study the hadron spectra in nearly central + collisions at RHIC and
LHC in a broad transverse momentum range. We cover the low- spectra using
longitudinally boost-invariant hydrodynamics with initial energy and net-baryon
number densities from the perturbative QCD (pQCD)+saturation model. Build-up of
the transverse flow and sensitivity of the spectra to a single decoupling
temperature \Tdec are studied. Comparison with RHIC data at \ssNN=130 and
200 GeV suggests a rather high value \Tdec=150 MeV. The high- spectra
are computed using factorized pQCD cross sections, nuclear parton
distributions, fragmentation functions, and describing partonic energy loss in
the quark-gluon plasma by quenching weights. Overall normalization is fixed on
the basis of p+(p) data and the strength of energy loss is
determined from RHIC Au+Au data. Uncertainties are discussed. With constraints
from RHIC data, we predict the spectra of hadrons in 5 % most central
Pb+Pb collisions at the LHC energy \ssNN=5500 GeV. Due to the closed
framework for primary production, we can also predict the net-baryon number at
midrapidity, as well as the strength of partonic energy losses at the LHC. Both
at the LHC and RHIC, we recognize a rather narrow crossover region in the
spectra, where the hydrodynamic and pQCD fragmentation components become of
equal size. We argue that in this crossover region the two contributions are to
a good approximation mutually independent. In particular, our results suggest a
wider -region of applicability for hydrodynamical models at the LHC than
at RHIC.Comment: 45 pages, 16 eps-figure
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