Experimental Investigations on Fuel Spray and Impingement for Gasoline Direct Injection Engines

Spray-wall impingement is a widespread phenomenon applied in many fields, including spray-wall cooling system, spray coating process and fuel spray and atomization in internal combustion engines. In direct-injection spark ignition (DISI), it is difficult to avoid the fuel film on the piston head and cylinder surfaces. The wet wall caused by impingement affects the air-fuel mixture formation process, which finally influence the subsequent combustion efficiency and performance. Therefore, the fuel spray and impingement under gasoline engine-like conditions were characterized. Mie scattering technique was applied to visualize the spray evolution and impingement processes in a high-pressure and high-temperature constant chamber. Meanwhile, the adhered fuel film on the wall was measured by refractive index matching (RIM) under non-evaporation and evaporation conditions considering the effects of different injection pressures, ambient pressures and ambient temperatures. Additionally, the fuel film formation and evaporation evolution models were proposed with the help of these mechanisms

平板壁面に衝突するガソリン噴霧の液膜形成に関する研究

広島大学(Hiroshima University)博士(工学)Doctor of Engineeringdoctora

Beam Squint Assisted User Localization in Near-Field Integrated Sensing and Communications Systems

Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) has been regarded as a key technology for 6G wireless communications, in which large-scale multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) array with higher and wider frequency bands will be adopted. However, recent studies show that the beam squint phenomenon can not be ignored in wideband MIMO system, which generally deteriorates the communications performance. In this paper, we find that with the aid of true-time-delay lines (TTDs), the range and trajectory of the beam squint in near-field communications systems can be freely controlled, and hence it is possible to reversely utilize the beam squint for user localization. We derive the trajectory equation for near-field beam squint points and design a way to control such trajectory. With the proposed design, beamforming from different subcarriers would purposely point to different angles and different distances, such that users from different positions would receive the maximum power at different subcarriers. Hence, one can simply localize multiple users from the beam squint effect in frequency domain, and thus reduce the beam sweeping overhead as compared to the conventional time domain beam search based approach. Furthermore, we utilize the phase difference of the maximum power subcarriers received by the user at different frequencies in several times beam sweeping to obtain a more accurate distance estimation result, ultimately realizing high accuracy and low beam sweeping overhead user localization. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed schemes.Comment: This paper has been accepted by IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications (TWC) on 18 September 202

YOLO: An Efficient Terahertz Band Integrated Sensing and Communications Scheme with Beam Squint

Using communications signals for dynamic target sensing is an important component of integrated sensing and communications (ISAC). In this paper, we propose to utilize the beam squint effect to realize fast non-cooperative dynamic target sensing in massive multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) Terahertz band communications systems. Specifically, we construct a wideband channel model of the echo signals, and design a beamforming strategy that controls the range of beam squint by adjusting the values of phase shifters and true time delay lines. With this design, beams at different subcarriers can be aligned along different directions in a planned way. Then the received echo signals at different subcarriers will carry target information in different directions, based on which the targets' angles can be estimated through sophisticatedly designed algorithm. Moreover, we propose a supporting method based on extended array signal estimation, which utilizes the phase changes of different frequency subcarriers within different OFDM symbols to estimate the distance and velocity of dynamic targets. Interestingly, the proposed sensing scheme only needs to transmit and receive the signals once, which can be termed as You Only Listen Once (YOLO). Compared with the traditional ISAC method that requires time consuming beam sweeping, the proposed one greatly reduces the sensing overhead. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme

Genetic variants in ELOVL2 and HSD17B12 predict melanoma‐specific survival

Fatty acids play a key role in cellular bioenergetics, membrane biosynthesis and intracellular signaling processes and thus may be involved in cancer development and progression. In the present study, we comprehensively assessed associations of 14,522 common single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 149 genes of the fatty‐acid synthesis pathway with cutaneous melanoma disease‐specific survival (CMSS). The dataset of 858 cutaneous melanoma (CM) patients from a published genome‐wide association study (GWAS) by The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center was used as the discovery dataset, and the identified significant SNPs were validated by a dataset of 409 CM patients from another GWAS from the Nurses’ Health and Health Professionals Follow‐up Studies. We found 40 noteworthy SNPs to be associated with CMSS in both discovery and validation datasets after multiple comparison correction by the false positive report probability method, because more than 85% of the SNPs were imputed. By performing functional prediction, linkage disequilibrium analysis, and stepwise Cox regression selection, we identified two independent SNPs of ELOVL2 rs3734398 T>C and HSD17B12 rs11037684 A>G that predicted CMSS, with an allelic hazards ratio of 0.66 (95% confidence interval = 0.51–0.84 and p = 8.34 × 10−4) and 2.29 (1.55–3.39 and p = 3.61 × 10−5), respectively. Finally, the ELOVL2 rs3734398 variant CC genotype was found to be associated with a significantly increased mRNA expression level. These SNPs may be potential markers for CM prognosis, if validated by additional larger and mechanistic studies

LINC01134: a pivotal oncogene with promising predictive maker and therapeutic target in hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents a leading and fatal malignancy within the gastrointestinal tract. Recent advancements highlight the pivotal role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in diverse biological pathways and pathologies, particularly in tumorigenesis. LINC01134, a particular lncRNA, has attracted considerable attention due to its oncogenic potential in hepatoma. Current research underscores LINC01134’s potential in augmenting the onset and progression of HCC, with notable implications in drug resistance. This review comprehensively explores the molecular functions and regulatory mechanisms of LINC01134 in HCC, offering a fresh perspective for therapeutic interventions. By delving into LINC01134’s multifaceted roles, we aim to foster novel strategies in HCC management

Stripe order and spin dynamics in triangular-lattice antiferromagnet KErSe2_{2}: A single-crystal study with a theoretical description

The rare-earth triangular-lattice chalcogenide is a great platform for exploring both spin liquids and novel magnetic orders with anisotropic spin interactions and magnetic frustrations. Here, we report the thermodynamic and neutron scattering measurements of rare-earth triangular-lattice chalcogenide KErSe$_{2}$, using single-crystal samples. Our experiments revealed a long-range stripe order below 0.2 K. Although the magnetic order was three-dimensional, magnetic excitations exhibited negligible modulation along the z direction, indicating very weak interlayer coupling. Furthermore, magnetic excitation developed a well-defined spin-wave dispersion with a gap of $\sim$0.03 meV at M points. Both the stripe order and spin-wave excitations could be quantitatively understood from the anisotropic spin interactions of the Er$^{3+}$ Kramers doublets

Role and therapeutic targets of P2X7 receptors in neurodegenerative diseases

The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R), a non-selective cation channel modulated by adenosine triphosphate (ATP), localizes to microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and neurons in the central nervous system, with the most incredible abundance in microglia. P2X7R partake in various signaling pathways, engaging in the immune response, the release of neurotransmitters, oxidative stress, cell division, and programmed cell death. When neurodegenerative diseases result in neuronal apoptosis and necrosis, ATP activates the P2X7R. This activation induces the release of biologically active molecules such as pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, proteases, reactive oxygen species, and excitotoxic glutamate/ATP. Subsequently, this leads to neuroinflammation, which exacerbates neuronal involvement. The P2X7R is essential in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. This implies that it has potential as a drug target and could be treated using P2X7R antagonists that are able to cross the blood-brain barrier. This review will comprehensively and objectively discuss recent research breakthroughs on P2X7R genes, their structural features, functional properties, signaling pathways, and their roles in neurodegenerative diseases and possible therapies