catena-Poly[[[μ-cyanido-1:2κ2 C:N-tricyanido-1κ3 C-bis(ethylenediamine)-2κ4 N,N′-copper(II)iron(II)]-μ-cyanido-κ2 C:N-[bis(ethylenediamine-κ2 N,N′)copper(II)]-μ-cyanido-κ2 N:C] 4.5-hy­drate]

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, {[Cu2Fe(CN)6(C2H8N2)4]·4.5H2O}n, consists of two [Cu(C2H8N2)2]2+ cations, one [Fe(CN)6]4− anion, four water mol­ecules and a half water mol­ecule that lies on a twofold rotation axis. The FeII atom is coordinated by six C atoms from three terminal and three doubly bridging CN− ligands. The bridging CN− ligands connect the anion to a five-coordinate [Cu(C2H8N2)2]2+ cation and to two symmetry-related six-coordinate [Cu(C2H8N2)2]2+ cations, forming a one-dimensional polymer in the ab plane. Inter­molecular hydrogen bonds connect the polymer units into a three-dimensional network

Short-Term Truckload Spot Rates\u27 Prediction in Consideration of Temporal and Between-Route Correlations

Truckload spot rate (TSR), defined as a price offered on the spot to transport a certain cargo by using an entire truck on a target transportation line, usually price per kilometer-ton, is a key factor in shaping the freight market. In particular, the prediction of short-term TSR is of great importance to the daily operations of the trucking industry. However, existing predictive practices have been limited largely by the availability of multilateral information, such as detailed intraday TSR information. Fortunately, the emerging online freight exchange (OFEX) platforms provide unique opportunities to access and fuse more data for probing the trucking industry. As such, this paper aims to leverage the high-resolution trucking data from an OFEX platform to forecast short-term TSR. Specifically, a lagged coefficient weighted matrix-based multiple linear regression modeling (Lag-WMR) is proposed, and exogenous variables are selected by the light gradient boosting (LGB) method. This model simultaneously incorporates the dependency between historical and current TSR (temporal correlation) and correlations between the rates on alternative routes (between-route correlation). In addition, the effects of incorporating temporal and between-route correlations, time-lagged correlation and exogenous variable selection in modeling are emphasized and assessed through a case study on short-term TSR in Southwest China. The comparative results show that the proposed Lag-WMR model outperforms autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model and LGB in terms of model fitting and the quality and stability of predictions. Further research could focus on rates\u27 standardization, to define a practical freight index for the trucking industry. Although our results are specific to the Chinese trucking market, the method of analysis serves as a general model for similar international studies

Pharmaceutical approaches for COVID-19: An update on current therapeutic opportunities

SARS-CoV-2, a newly discovered coronavirus, has been linked to the COVID-19 pandemic and is currently an important public health issue. Despite all the work done to date around the world, there is still no viable treatment for COVID-19. This study examined the most recent evidence on the efficacy and safety of several therapeutic options available including natural substances, synthetic drugs and vaccines in the treatment of COVID-19. Various natural compounds such as sarsapogenin, lycorine, biscoclaurine, vitamin B12, glycyrrhizic acid, riboflavin, resveratrol and kaempferol, various vaccines and drugs such as AZD1222, mRNA-1273, BNT162b2, Sputnik V, and remdesivir, lopinavir, favipiravir, darunavir, oseltamivir, and umifenovir, resp., have been discussed comprehensively. We attempted to provide exhaustive information regarding the various prospective therapeutic approaches available in order to assist researchers and physicians in treating COVID-19 patients

Reaction Mechanism of the Metal Precursor Pulse in Plasma-Enhanced Atomic Layer Deposition of Cobalt and the Role of Surface Facets

Cobalt is a potential candidate for replacing copper for interconnects and has been applied in the trenches and vias in the semiconductor industry. A non-oxidizing reactant is required in plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PE-ALD) of thin films of metals to avoid O contamination. PE-ALD of Co has been demonstrated experimentally, but the growth mechanism and key reactions are not clear. In this paper, the reaction mechanism of metal cyclopentadienyl (Cp, C5H5) precursors (CoCp2) and NHx-terminated Co surfaces is studied by density functional theory calculations. The Cp ligands are eliminated by CpH formation via a hydrogen transfer step and desorb from the metal surface. The surface facet plays an important role in the reaction energies and activation barriers. The results show that on the NHx-terminated surfaces corresponding to ALD operating conditions (temperature range 550 K to 650 K), the two Cp ligands are eliminated completely on the Co(100) surface during the metal precursor pulse, resulting in Co atoms deposited on the Co(100) surface. However, the second Cp ligand reaction of hydrogen transfer is thermodynamically unfavorable on the Co(001) surface, resulting in CoCp fragment termination on the Co(001) surface. The final terminations after the metal precursor pulse are 3.03 CoCp/nm2 on the NHx-terminated Co(001) surface and 3.33 Co/nm2 on the NHx-terminated Co(100) surface. These final structures after the metal precursor pulse are essential to model the reaction during the following N-plasma step

An Ensemble Multilabel Classification for Disease Risk Prediction

It is important to identify and prevent disease risk as early as possible through regular physical examinations. We formulate the disease risk prediction into a multilabel classification problem. A novel Ensemble Label Power-set Pruned datasets Joint Decomposition (ELPPJD) method is proposed in this work. First, we transform the multilabel classification into a multiclass classification. Then, we propose the pruned datasets and joint decomposition methods to deal with the imbalance learning problem. Two strategies size balanced (SB) and label similarity (LS) are designed to decompose the training dataset. In the experiments, the dataset is from the real physical examination records. We contrast the performance of the ELPPJD method with two different decomposition strategies. Moreover, the comparison between ELPPJD and the classic multilabel classification methods RAkEL and HOMER is carried out. The experimental results show that the ELPPJD method with label similarity strategy has outstanding performance

What influenced the lesion patterns and hemodynamic characteristics in patients with internal carotid artery stenosis? A retrospective study

•Blood perfusion influences ischemic lesions in patients with of ICAS.•Communicating arteries influence intracranial blood flow.•TCD was a convenient and rapid tool to assess cerebral blood flow

Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) Aggravates Amyloid-β-Triggered Apoptosis by Modulating the cAMP-Response Element-Binding Protein (CREB)/Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Pathway In Vitro

BACKGROUND: Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which results in cognitive deficits, usually occurs in older people and is mainly caused by amyloid beta (Aß) deposits and neurofibrillary tangles. The bile acid receptor, farnesoid X receptor (FXR), has been extensively studied in cardiovascular diseases and digestive diseases. However, the role of FXR in AD is not yet understood. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the mechanism of FXR function in AD. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Lentivirus infection, flow cytometry, real-time PCR, and western blotting were used to detect the gain or loss of FXR in cell apoptosis induced by Aß. Co-immunoprecipitation was used to analyze the molecular partners involved in Aß-induced apoptosis. RESULTS: We found that the mRNA and protein expression of FXR was enhanced in Ab-triggered neuronal apoptosis in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells and in mouse hippocampal neurons. Overexpression of FXR aggravated Aß-triggered neuronal apoptosis in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells, and this effect was further increased by treatment with the FXR agonist 6ECDCA. Molecular mechanism analysis by co-immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting revealed that FXR interacted with the cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB), leading to decreased CREB and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein levels. Low expression of FXR mostly reversed the Aß-triggered neuronal apoptosis effect and prevented the reduction in CREB and BDNF. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that FXR regulates Aß-induced neuronal apoptosis, which may be dependent on the CREB/BDNF signaling pathway in vitro

The Role of Various Powders during the Hydration Process of Cement-Based Materials

The role of various powders including glass powder (GP), limestone powder (LP), and steel slag powder (SSP) during the hydration process of cement-based materials was investigated by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and strength tests. GP has adverse impact on early strength, but the pozzolanic reaction at later stage enhances the strength development greatly. LP can significantly improve early strength. SSP has a good contribution to the early and later strength of the paste when its content is less than 15%. GP has little effect on the kind of hydration products but relatively large effects on the quantity. Calcium hydroxide (CH) content of GP paste decreases over curing age gradually, which is different from pure cement paste because its pozzolanic activity consumes more CH than that generated from the cement hydration. SSP and LP mainly play a role of filling effect at early stage. Nucleating effect of LP also promotes the early hydration of cement. The hydration of LP occurs at later stage and forms the calcium carboaluminate hydrates. The hydration of SSP is relatively slow, which generates CH at later stage and is effective in the strength development