2,936 research outputs found
Self-Images of Women Bodybuilders
In analyzing the data from a questionnaire survey of 205 competitive women bodybuilders conducted by the International Federation of Body-Builders, the authors attempt to find out how these women define their roles. What emerges from the analysis is a new concept of femininity that combines aspects of the traditional definitions with added dimensions of muscularity and body symmetry. They see muscularity, fitness, strength, and health as increasing their femininity, adding to their attractiveness as women, and increasing their sex appeal to men. They do not see themselves as emulating men. Relatively few see themselves as feminists or androgynists
Femtosecond photonic viral inactivation probed using solid-state nanopores
We report on detection of virus inactivation using femtosecond laser radiation by measuring the
conductance of a solid state nanopore designed for detecting single particles. Conventional methods
of assaying for viral inactivation based on plaque forming assays require 24–48 h for bacterial growth.
Nanopore conductance measurements provide information on morphological changes at a single
virion level.We show that analysis of a time series of nanopore conductance can quantify the detection
of inactivation, requiring only a few minutes from collection to analysis. Morphological changes were
verified by dynamic light scattering. Statistical analysis maximizing the information entropy provides
a measure of the log reduction value. This work provides a rapid method for assaying viral inactivation
with femtosecond lasers using solid-state nanopores.First author draf
The Galactic Plane at faint X-ray fluxes - I: Properties and characteristics of the X-ray source population
We investigate the serendipitous X-ray source population revealed in
XMM-Newton observations targeted in the Galactic Plane within the region
315<l<45 and |b|<2.5 deg. Our study focuses on a sample of 2204 X-ray sources
at intermediate to faint fluxes, which were detected in a total of 116 XMM
fields and are listed in the 2XMMi catalogue. We characterise each source as
spectrally soft or hard on the basis of whether the bulk of the recorded counts
have energies below or above 2 keV and find that the sample divides roughly
equally (56%:44%) into these soft and hard categories. The X-ray spectral form
underlying the soft sources may be represented as either a power-law continuum
with Gamma~2.5 or a thermal spectrum with kT~0.5 keV, with N_H ranging from
10^{20-22} cm^{-2}. For the hard sources, a significantly harder continuum form
is likely, i.e., Gamma~1 with N_H=10^{22-24} cm^{-2}. For ~50% of the hard
sources, the inferred column density is commensurate with the total Galactic
line-of-sight value; many of these sources will be located at significant
distances across the Galaxy implying a hard band luminosity L_X>10^{32} erg/s,
whereas some will be extragalactic interlopers. >90% of the soft sources have
potential NIR (2MASS and/or UKIDSS) counterparts inside their error circles,
consistent with the dominant soft X-ray source population being relatively
nearby coronally-active stars. These stellar counterparts are generally
brighter than J=16, a brightness cutoff which corresponds to the saturation of
the X-ray coronal emission at L_X=10^{-3} L_{bol}. In contrast, the success
rate in finding likely IR counterparts to the hard X-ray sample is no more than
~15% down to J=16 and ~25% down to J=20, set against a rapidly rising chance
coincidence rate. The make-up of the hard X-ray source population, in terms of
the known classes of accreting and non-accreting systems, remains uncertain.Comment: 17 pages, 17 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA
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Chromatin establishes an immature version of neuronal protocadherin selection during the naive-to-primed conversion of pluripotent stem cells.
In the mammalian genome, the clustered protocadherin (cPCDH) locus provides a paradigm for stochastic gene expression with the potential to generate a unique cPCDH combination in every neuron. Here we report a chromatin-based mechanism that emerges during the transition from the naive to the primed states of cell pluripotency and reduces, by orders of magnitude, the combinatorial potential in the human cPCDH locus. This mechanism selectively increases the frequency of stochastic selection of a small subset of cPCDH genes after neuronal differentiation in monolayers, 10-month-old cortical organoids and engrafted cells in the spinal cords of rats. Signs of these frequent selections can be observed in the brain throughout fetal development and disappear after birth, except in conditions of delayed maturation such as Down's syndrome. We therefore propose that a pattern of limited cPCDH-gene expression diversity is maintained while human neurons still retain fetal-like levels of maturation
Cornerstones of Sampling of Operator Theory
This paper reviews some results on the identifiability of classes of
operators whose Kohn-Nirenberg symbols are band-limited (called band-limited
operators), which we refer to as sampling of operators. We trace the motivation
and history of the subject back to the original work of the third-named author
in the late 1950s and early 1960s, and to the innovations in spread-spectrum
communications that preceded that work. We give a brief overview of the NOMAC
(Noise Modulation and Correlation) and Rake receivers, which were early
implementations of spread-spectrum multi-path wireless communication systems.
We examine in detail the original proof of the third-named author
characterizing identifiability of channels in terms of the maximum time and
Doppler spread of the channel, and do the same for the subsequent
generalization of that work by Bello.
The mathematical limitations inherent in the proofs of Bello and the third
author are removed by using mathematical tools unavailable at the time. We
survey more recent advances in sampling of operators and discuss the
implications of the use of periodically-weighted delta-trains as identifiers
for operator classes that satisfy Bello's criterion for identifiability,
leading to new insights into the theory of finite-dimensional Gabor systems. We
present novel results on operator sampling in higher dimensions, and review
implications and generalizations of the results to stochastic operators, MIMO
systems, and operators with unknown spreading domains
Femtosecond Photonic Viral Inactivation Probed Using Solid-State Nanopores
We report on the detection of inactivation of virus particles using
femtosecond laser radiation by measuring the conductance of a solid state
nanopore designed for detecting single virus particles. Conventional methods of
assaying for viral inactivation based on plaque forming assays require 24-48
hours for bacterial growth. Nanopore conductance measurements provide
information on morphological changes at a single virion level. We show that
analysis of a time series of nanopore conductance can quantify the detection of
inactivation, requiring only a few minutes from collection to analysis.
Morphological changes were verified by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS).
Statistical analysis maximizing the information entropy provides a measure of
the Log-reduction value. Taken together, our work provides a rapid method for
assaying viral inactivation with femtosecond lasers using solid-state
nanopores.Comment: 6 Figures with caption
A Catalog of Luminous Infrared Galaxies in the IRAS Survey and the Second Data Release of the SDSS
We select the Luminous Infrared Galaxies by cross-correlating the Faint
Source Catalogue (FSC) and Point Source Catalogue (PSC) of the IRAS Survey with
the Second Data Release of the SDSS for studying their infrared and optical
properties. The total number of our sample is 1267 for FSC and 427 for PSC by
using 2 significance level cross-section. The "likelihood ratio" method
is used to estimate the sample's reliability and for a more reliable subsample
(908 for FSC and 356 for PSC) selection. Then a Catalog with both the infrared,
optical and radio informations is presented and will be used in further works.
Some statistical results show that the Luminous Infrared Galaxies are quite
different from the Ultra-Luminous Infrared Galaxies. The AGN fractions of
galaxies with different infrared luminosities and the radio to infrared
correlations are consist with previous studies.Comment: 15 pages, 11 figures. Accepted by ChJAA. Reference adde
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