Fractional excitations in cold atomic gases

We study the behavior of excitations in the tilted one-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model. In the phase with broken symmetry, fundamental excitations are domain walls which show fractional statistics. Using perturbation theory, we derive an analytic model for the time evolution of these fractional excitations, and demonstrate the existence of a repulsively bound state above a critical center-of-mass momentum. The validity of the perturbative analysis is confirmed by the use of time-adaptive density-matrix renormalization group simulations. These findings open the path for the experimental detection of fractional particles in cold atomic gases

Avaliação preliminar de parâmetros epidemiológicos da tristeza parasitaria bovina no Mato Grosso do Sul.

Epidemiologia; Bovino; Tristeza parasitaria; Praga; Sanidade; America do Sul; Brasil; Mato Grosso do Sul.bitstream/item/137587/1/PESQ-EM-ANDAMENTO-38.pdfCNPGC

Ocorrencia e sazonalidade de besouros copro/necrofagos (Coleoptera: scarabaeidae), em massas fecais de bovinos, na regiao de cerrados do Mato Grosso do Sul.

bitstream/item/137688/1/PESQ-EM-ANDAMENTO-48.pdfCNPGC

Comparison of [18F]-Tracers in Various Experimental Tumor Models by PET Imaging and Identification of an Early Response Biomarker for the Novel Microtubule Stabilizer Patupilone

Purpose: The suitability of [18F]FDG, [18F]FLT, [18F]FET, and [18F]FCH as non-invasive positron emission tomography (PET) biomarkers for monitoring response to chemotherapy was analyzed in various experimental tumor models. Procedures: Tracer uptake into three syngeneic rodent tumor models and ten human xenograft models was evaluated using semiquantitative analysis of small-animal PET data. Murine RIF-1 fibrosarcomas and [18F]FLT were selected to monitor the effects of the novel cytotoxic patupilone. Results: Except [18F]FCH, all tracers provided good tumor visualization. Highest [18F]FDG uptake was identified in syngeneic tumors. Xenograft models, however, showed low [18F]FDG SUVs and were better visualized by [18F]FLT. Monitoring the effects of patupilone on [18F]FLT uptake in RIF-1 tumors revealed a significant decrease of tracer uptake after 24h, which strongly negatively correlated with apoptosis. Conclusion: [18F]FLT PET of experimental tumors is a viable complement to [18F]FDG for preclinical drug development. [18F]FLT may be an excellent biomarker for patupilone-induced apoptosi

Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Models for Infectious Disease and Drug Development

Three-dimensional (3-D) cell cultures hold enormous potential to advance our understanding of infectious disease and to effectively translate basic cellular research into clinical applications. Using novel NASA bioreactor technology, the rotating wall vessel (RWV), we have engineered physiologically relevant 3-D human tissue culture models for infectious disease studies. The design of the RWV is based on the understanding that organs and tissues function in a 3-D environment, and that this 3-D architecture is critical for the differentiated form and function of tissues in vivo. The RWV provides large numbers of cells which are amenable to a wide variety of experimental manipulations and provides an easy, reproducible, and cost-effective approach to enhance differentiated features of cell culture models

Multimodal imaging of pancreatic beta cells in vivo by targeting transmembrane protein 27 (TMEM27)

Aims/hypothesis: Non-invasive diagnostic tools specific for pancreatic beta cells will have a profound impact on our understanding of the pathophysiology of metabolic diseases such as diabetes. The objective of this study was to use molecular imaging probes specifically targeting beta cells on human samples and animal models using state-of-the-art imaging modalities (fluorescence and PET) with preclinical and clinical perspective. Methods: We generated a monoclonal antibody, 8/9-mAb, targeting transmembrane protein 27 (TMEM27; a surface N-glycoprotein that is highly expressed on beta cells), compared its expression in human and mouse pancreas, and demonstrated beta cell-specific binding in both. In vivo imaging was performed in mice with subcutaneous insulinomas overexpressing the human TMEM27 gene, or transgenic mice with beta cell-specific hTMEM27 expression under the control of rat insulin promoter (RIP-hTMEM27-tg), using fluorescence and radioactively labelled antibody, followed by tissue ex vivo analysis and fluorescence microscopy. Results: Fluorescently labelled 8/9-mAb showed beta cell-specific staining on human and mouse pancreatic sections. Real-time PCR on islet cDNA indicated about tenfold higher expression of hTMEM27 in RIP-hTMEM27-tg mice than in humans. In vivo fluorescence and PET imaging in nude mice with insulinoma xenografts expressing hTMEM27 showed high 8/9-mAb uptake in tumours after 72h. Antibody homing was also observed in beta cells of RIP-hTMEM27-tg mice by in vivo fluorescence imaging. Ex vivo analysis of intact pancreas and fluorescence microscopy in beta cells confirmed these findings. Conclusions/interpretation: hTMEM27 constitutes an attractive target for in vivo visualisation of pancreatic beta cells. Studies in mouse insulinoma models and mice expressing hTMEM27 demonstrate the feasibility of beta cell-targeted in vivo imaging, which is attractive for preclinical investigations and holds potential in clinical diagnostic

Tripartite Relationship Among Synaptic, Amyloid, and Tau Proteins: An In Vivo and Postmortem Study

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COVID-19 Vaccines and the Virus: Impact on Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics

This article reports on an American Society of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Division of Drug Metabolism and Disposition symposium held at Experimental Biology on April 2nd, 2022, in Philadelphia. As of July 2022, over 500 million people have been infected with SARS-CoV-2 (the virus causing COVID-19) and over 12,000,000,000 vaccine doses have been administered. Clinically significant interactions between viral infections and hepatic drug metabolism were first recognized over 40 years ago during a cluster of pediatric theophylline toxicity cases attributed to reduced hepatic drug metabolism amidst an influenza B outbreak. Today, a substantive body of research supports that the activated innate immune response generally decreases hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) activity. The interactions extend to drug transporters and other organs and have the potential to impact drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). Based on this knowledge, altered ADME is predicted with SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination. The report begins with a clinical case exploring the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination increasing clozapine levels. This is followed by discussions of how SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccines alter the metabolism and disposition of complex drugs, such as nanoparticles and biologics and small molecule therapies. The review concludes with a discussion of the effects of viral infections on placental amino acid transport and their potential to impact fetal development. The session improved our understanding of the impact of emerging viral infections and vaccine technologies on drug metabolism and disposition, which will help mitigate drug toxicity and improve drug and vaccine safety and effectiveness. Significance Statement Altered pharmacokinetics of small molecule and complex molecule drugs and fetal brain distribution of amino acids following SARS-CoV-2 infection or immunization are possible. The proposed mechanisms involve decreased liver CYP metabolism of small molecules, enhanced innate immune system metabolism of complex molecules and altered placental and fetal blood-brain barrier amino acid transport, respectively. Future research is needed to understand the effects of these interactions on adverse drug responses, drug and vaccine safety and effectiveness and fetal neurodevelopment