Exploring the Options—The Development of USN Tactical Doctrine, 1913–23

The interwar period was a time of innovation and creation of doctrine in the U.S. Navy. The tactics and underlying assumptions developed during this time and recorded in various instructions and manuals set the foundation for the Navy’s success in World War II and beyond. War games, fleet exercises, and empowerment of midlevel officers to make decisions changed the fundamental culture of the Navy for the better

U.S. Navy Surface Battle Doctrine and Victory in the Pacific

The basic strategic problems confronting the U.S. Navy during the interwar years of the 1920s and 1930s were how to move a large fleet across the Pacific, absorb or avoid Japanese attritional attacks, seize forward bases for further oper- ations, and retain sufficient fighting strength to defeat Japan’s Combined Fleet. Japanese and American policies in Asia were in conflict, and war was a possible result; the U.S. Navy planned to win by destroying Japan’s navy, imposing a blockade, and forcing Japan’s surrender

Salmonella-Induced Mucosal Lectin RegIIIβ Kills Competing Gut Microbiota

Intestinal inflammation induces alterations of the gut microbiota and promotes overgrowth of the enteric pathogen Salmonella enterica by largely unknown mechanisms. Here, we identified a host factor involved in this process. Specifically, the C-type lectin RegIIIβ is strongly upregulated during mucosal infection and released into the gut lumen. In vitro, RegIIIβ kills diverse commensal gut bacteria but not Salmonella enterica subspecies I serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium). Protection of the pathogen was attributable to its specific cell envelope structure. Co-infection experiments with an avirulent S. Typhimurium mutant and a RegIIIβ-sensitive commensal E. coli strain demonstrated that feeding of RegIIIβ was sufficient for suppressing commensals in the absence of all other changes inflicted by mucosal disease. These data suggest that RegIIIβ production by the host can promote S. Typhimurium infection by eliminating inhibitory gut microbiota