« Ceci aura néanmoins probablement son utilité. » Willem de Famars Testas au Caire, 1858-1860

En France, le peintre néerlandais Willem de Famars Testas (1834-1896) est surtout connu pour sa participation à une caravane de peintres qui voyagea en Orient sous la conduite de Jean-Léon Gérôme en 1868. Une exposition itinérante a été consacrée à ce voyage d’artistes en 1993. Toutefois, nous étudierons ici un voyage en Égypte que Testas effectua en 1858-1860 en tant que membre d’une expédition dirigée par l’égyptologue français Émile Prisse d’Avennes, qui procéda au relevé de monuments tant..

The Sword and the Album. Material Memories and an eighteenth-century poetic account on the execution of Johan van Oldenbarnevelt

In 1878 the Rijksmuseum acquired two objects related to the violent death of Johan van Oldenbarnevelt: the executioner’s sword allegedly used to behead the Land’s Advocate and an eighteenth-century album of poems about the weapon of execution. The article describes how these objects have functioned in the Oldenbarnevelt memory culture and shows how they have taken on new functions and meanings over the centuries – from a possible executioner’s weapon, to a republican and then national relic, to an objet de mémoire

Sian Bowen and Nova Zembla: Suspending the Ephemeral

This special edition contextualizes the new body of drawings, artist books and video works made by Sian Bowen over a two-year period working as Guest Artist in Drawing at Rijksmuseum Amsterdam. The Nova Zembla collection of prints, which were carried as merchandise on Willem Barents’ expedition seeking a northern route to China in 1596, had lain frozen, transformed to papier-mâché blocks, in the Arctic for nearly three centuries. Reconstructed from hundreds of fragments by the Rijksmuseum, the prints provided opportunities for Bowen to develop work which explores the materiality of drawing and the ephemeral nature of museum objects on paper. Through artworks, accompanying essays, documentary photographs, video stills and texts by the artist, this book traces Bowen’s own ‘journey’ through the project, emphasizing the tactilequalities of her artworks which at the same time employ light, transparency, perforation, reflection and fragility, and consolidate the often fugitive nature of the materials used in their making. The artist realized the project working with Rijksmuseum’s Paper Conservation Studio to employ 16th century methods and materials to new ends, and also with archaeologists, curators, historians, papermakers, printmakers and filmmakers. In addition she retraced part of the route of original expedition and filmed this journey through the fragmented icepack as it was reflected in a replica ‘Claude glass’

Framing and tone-of-voice of disaster media coverage: The aftermath of the Enschede fireworks disaster in the Netherlands

In 2000 disaster struck Enschede in The Netherlands. Due to explosions at a fireworks facility 22 people were killed. This study aims to describe the developments in the media coverage of this disaster from a media amplification perspective. Media amplification was assumed to have taken place in case: (1) events in the aftermath of the disaster resulted in increased media coverage, (2) the media framed the disaster in terms of conflict and responsibility and (3) the framing was in a negative tone-of-voice regarding governmental authorities. Content analysis was performed on 3942 articles, derived from four newspapers. Three peaks in the magnitude of the coverage were distinguished. The content of the coverage during these peaks differed from the period of gradual coverage decline. During the peaks, coverage more often was framed in terms of conflict and responsibility, government was referred to more often and the tone-of-voice on government was less positive. It was concluded that the media coverage of the Enschede fireworks met the conditions of media amplification. It is discussed whether the media coverage was such that the public's risk perception might have been affected

Influence of the presence of doctors-in-training on the blood pressure of patients : a randomised controlled trial in 22 teaching practices

Until now, no information is available about the effect of the presence of a doctor-in-training on a patient's blood pressure. We tested the hypothesis that the presence of a last year medical student might increase the blood pressure of the patient, in addition to the possible pressor response to the doctor-trainer. Normotensive and hypertensive patients with a minimum age of 25 years, visiting for any reason, were recruited at 22 teaching general practices. Patients were randomised into a 'trainee' group (n=133) and a 'no trainee' (n=129) group. The blood pressure was measured at two subsequent contacts. In the 'trainee' group, a student was present at the first visit only. In the 'no trainee' group, both visits were without student. Both groups had similar anthropometric characteristics at entry. At the first visit, systolic pressure was higher in the 'trainee' group than in the control group (139.5 vs 133.1 mmHg, P=0.004), with a similar trend for diastolic pressure (80.2 vs 77.8 mmHg, P=0.07). From the first contact to the follow-up visit, blood pressure decreased in the trainee group by 4.8 mmHg systolic (P<0.001) and 1.7 mmHg diastolic (P=0.03), whereas the corresponding changes in the control group were -0.1 mmHg (P=0.90) and +1.5 mmHg (P=0.03). Thus, the between group differences in these trends averaging 4.7 mmHg (CI 1.5-7.9, P=0.005) systolic and 3.2 mmHg (CI 1.1-5.3, P=0.003) diastolic were statistically significant. We conclude that in teaching-practices, the presence of a doctor-in-training has a significant pressor effect when an experienced general practitioner measures a patient's blood pressure. If confirmed, our findings imply that doctors should be cautious to initiate or adjust antihypertensive treatment when blood pressure readings are obtained in the presence of a student

Differences in Documented and Actual Medication Administration Time in the Emergency Department: A Prospective, Observational, Time-Motion Study

Introduction: Retrospective studies suggest that a rapid initiation of treatment results in a better prognosis for patients in the emergency department. There could be a difference between the actual medication administration time and the documented time in the electronic health record. In this study, the difference between the observed medication administration time and documentation time was investigated. Patient and nurse characteristics were also tested for associations with observed time differences. Methods: In this prospective study, emergency nurses were followed by observers for a total of 3 months. Patient inclusion was divided over 2 time periods. The difference in the observed medication administration time and the corresponding electronic health record documentation time was measured. The association between patient/nurse characteristics and the difference in medication administration and documentation time was tested with a Spearman correlation or biserial correlation test. Results: In 34 observed patients, the median difference in administration and documentation time was 6.0 minutes (interquartile range 2.0-16.0). In 9 (26.5%) patients, the actual time of medication administration differed more than 15 minutes with the electronic health record documentation time. High temperature, lower saturation, oxygen-dependency, and high Modified Early Warning Score were all correlated with an increasing difference between administration and documentation times. Discussion: A difference between administration and documentation times of medication in the emergency department may be common, especially for more acute patients. This could bias, in part, previously reported time-to-treatment measurements from retrospective research designs, which should be kept in mind when outcomes of retrospective time-to-treatment studies are evaluated

Le grand dictionnaire géographique et critique

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Dutch or Iranian? Technical study of a seventeenth-century painting on paper from Gesina Ter Bosch’s scrapbook

A scrapbook compiled between 1660 and 1687 by Gesina ter Borch (1631–1690), a female artist from the small town of Zwolle in the Netherlands, contains an intriguing painting on paper of a full-length portrait of a young Iranian. Although the figure wears the attributes in vogue at the Safavid court of Isfahan, certain elements seem rather incongruous and peculiar. The general composition appears static and rigid, an impression reinforced by an unusual black painted background. Stylistic differences within the painting were also observed, hinting at alterations to the original painting. To investigate the history of the painting and to reconstruct the original composition and identify the later additions, perhaps made by Gesina herself, the painting was examined with different imaging and analytic techniques available at the Conservation and Science Department of the Rijksmuseum. This allowed the research team to discriminate between pigments used for the original composition and pigments used to conceal damaged areas of the painting and added pictorial elements. After interpreting scientific results, as well as historical findings, it was possible to shed light on the use of specific pigments, namely lead white and smalt, and on the possible misinterpretation of some details, such as the cup held by the young man. The results of macro X-ray fluorescence scanning (MA-XRF) and lead isotope analysis, viewed in the light of information about the economic and cultural exchanges between Iran and the Netherlands in the seventeenth century, fed new theories about the origin and history of this painting. The painting, originally made in Iran in the style of Riza Abbasi, the head of the Emperor Shah Abbas’ library, ended up in Gesina ter Borch's workshop and may have been ‘restored’ by the artist to improve its condition and to match her tastes.Team Matthias Alfel

Cardiovascular risk in white-coat and sustained hypertensive patients

We compared cardiovascular outcome between patients with white-coat and sustained hypertension who had previously participated in the Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring and Treatment of Hypertension (APTH) trial. Baseline characteristics, including office and ambulatory blood pressure (BP), were measured during the 2-month run-in period of the APTH trial. During follow-up, information on the occurrence of major cardiovascular events (death, myocardial infarction, stroke and heart failure), achieved office BP and treatment status was obtained. At entry, 326 patients had sustained hypertension (daytime ambulatory BP > or = 140 mmHg systolic and/or > or = 90 mmHg diastolic) and 93 had daytime ambulatory BP below these limits and were classified as white-coat hypertensives. During 2088 patient-years of follow-up (median follow-up 5.3 years), all major cardiovascular events (n = 22) occurred in the patients with sustained hypertension (rate 12.7 per 1000 patient-years, p = 0.02 for between-group difference). Furthermore, multiple Cox regression confirmed that after adjustment for important covariables, daytime ambulatory BP--but not office BP at entry--significantly and independently predicted cardiovascular outcome. After additional adjustment for office BP, daytime ambulatory BP still predicted the occurrence of major cardiovascular events. Although white-coat hypertension was less frequently associated with antihypertensive drug treatment during follow-up, it carried a significantly better prognosis than sustained hypertension.status: publishe