1,746 research outputs found
Assessing dengue vaccination impact: Model challenges and future directions.
In response to the sharp rise in the global burden caused by dengue virus (DENV) over the last few decades, the WHO has set out three specific key objectives in its disease control strategy: (i) to estimate the true burden of dengue by 2015; (ii) a reduction in dengue mortality by at least 50% by 2020 (used as a baseline); and (iii) a reduction in dengue morbidity by at least 25% by 2020. Although various elements will all play crucial parts in achieving this goal, from diagnosis and case management to integrated surveillance and outbreak response, sustainable vector control, vaccine implementation and finally operational and implementation research, it seems clear that new tools (e.g. a safe and effective vaccine and/or effective vector control) are key to success. The first dengue vaccine was licensed in December 2015, Dengvaxia® (CYD-TDV) developed by Sanofi Pasteur. The WHO has provided guidance on the use of CYD-TDV in endemic countries, for which there are a variety of considerations beyond the risk-benefit evaluation done by regulatory authorities, including public health impact and cost-effectiveness. Population-level vaccine impact and economic and financial aspects are two issues that can potentially be considered by means of mathematical modelling, especially for new products for which empirical data are still lacking. In December 2014 a meeting was convened by the WHO in order to revisit the current status of dengue transmission models and their utility for public health decision-making. Here, we report on the main points of discussion and the conclusions of this meeting, as well as next steps for maximising the use of mathematical models for vaccine decision-making
Characterisation of Medipix3 Silicon Detectors in a Charged-Particle Beam
While designed primarily for X-ray imaging applications, the Medipix3 ASIC
can also be used for charged-particle tracking. In this work, results from a
beam test at the CERN SPS with irradiated and non-irradiated sensors are
presented and shown to be in agreement with simulation, demonstrating the
suitability of the Medipix3 ASIC as a tool for characterising pixel sensors.Comment: 16 pages, 13 figure
Hadron formation in high energy photonuclear reactions
We present a new method to account for coherence length effects in a
semi-classical transport model. This allows us to describe photo- and
electroproduction at large nuclei (A>12) and high energies using a realistic
coupled channel description of the final state interactions that goes beyond
simple Glauber theory. We show that the purely absorptive treatment of the
final state interactions can lead to wrong estimates of color transparency and
formation time effects in particle production. As an example, we discuss
exclusive rho^0 photoproduction on Pb at a photon energy of 7 GeV as well as
K^+ production in the photon energy range 1-7 GeV.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figures, version published in Phys. Rev.
Anthropology in systematic image science
Postoji običaj da se ljude karakterizira kao jezično nadarene životinje. Pritom se naročito misli na uporabu predikativnih rečeničnih struktura.No, izvanredna sposobnost da se misli u slikama, jest, prema svemu što empirijski znamo, svojstvena samo ljudima. Postoje li pojmovni razloziza ovu empirijsku podudarnost? Je li, drugim riječima, homo sapiens u biti homo pictor? Takvo pitanje jednako dobro zalazi u filozofsku antropologiju,kao i u sustavnu znanost o slici
VON DER INTERDISZIPLINÄREN GRUNDLAGENFORSCHUNG ZUR COMPUTERVISUALISTISCHEN ANWENDUNG: DIE MAGDEBURGER BEMÜHUNGEN UM EINE ALLGEMEINE WISSENSCHAFT VOM BILD
Seit den ersten Höhlenzeichnungen haben bildhafte Darstellungen für Menschen eine zwar immer umstrittene, aber doch nie entbehrliche Orientierungsaufgabe besessen. Das Bild geriet hierbei oft in Konkurrenz zur Schrift: Als Ausdruck abstrakter Gedanken war es jener unterlegen, doch wurde ihm im Gegenzug eine geradezu magische Aura zugesprochen. Diese ambivalente Haltung den Bildern gegenüber hatte zur Folge, dass alle Erfindungen neuer Bildmedien immer zugleich höchste Begeisterung wie tiefste Skepsis hervorriefen. Sie ist vermutlich ebenfalls dafür verantwortlich, dass sich bis heute eine einheitliche und im strengeren Sinn wissenschaftliche Erforschung der Bilder nicht etablieren konnte. Im vorliegenden Aufsatz werden die Bemühungen skizziert, die hierzu in jüngster Zeit an der Magdeburger Universität unternommen worden sind. Damit verbunden, möchten wir unseren Vorschlag einer Konzeption von Bildwissenschaft zur Diskussion stellen
Maternal smoking and high BMI disrupt thyroid gland development
This study was supported by grants from the Medical Research Council (MR/L010011/1) (to PAF & PJOS), the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) for TK and SHK, and NHS Endowment Grant (to PF).Peer reviewedPublisher PD
Pion-Production in Heavy-Ion Collisions at SIS energies
We investigate the production of pions in heavy-ion collisions in the energy
range of - GeV/A. The dynamics of the nucleus-nucleus collisions is
described by a set of coupled transport equations of the
Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck type for baryons and mesons. Besides the
and the we also take into account nucleon resonances up to
masses of as well as -, - and -mesons. We study
in detail the influence of the higher baryonic resonances and the
-production channels () on the pion spectra in
comparison to data from collisions at GeV/A and
-data for at 1.0 GeV/A. We, furthermore, present a detailed
comparison of differential pion angular distributions with the BEVALAC data for
Ar + KCl at 1.8 GeV/A. The general agreement obtained indicates that the
overall reactions dynamics is well described by our novel transport approach.Comment: 31 pages, 18 figures (inlcuded), to appear in Z. Phys.
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