Chinese students in Russia: causes of migration and basic educational behavioral tenets

The article examines the key behavioral tenets of Chinese students in the process of educational migration in Russia, based on several sociological studies. Some basic problems associated with the learning process of the educational migrants are also presented, as well as the attitudes of the Chinese students about the geographical and household living conditions in Russia. The possibility of continuing to reside in Russia after graduation is also mentioned. The conclusion is that at this moment the majority of Chinese students do not feel comfortable staying in Russia and planning whether to stay/return to China or migrate to other countries

(S)-2-Amino-2-(2-chloro­phen­yl)cyclo­hexa­none

The crystal structure of the title compound, C12H14ClNO, was determined in order to confirm that the chiral center of the mol­ecule has an S configuration. The cyclo­hexa­none ring adopts a chair conformation. The 2-chloro­phenyl ring is slightly twisted from the axial C—N bond, with a N—C—C—C torsion angle of −5.7 (2)°. In the crystal, an inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond links adjacent mol­ecules into an infinite chain, which propagates in the b-axis direction

Identification of clinical disease trajectories in neurodegenerative disorders with natural language processing

Neurodegenerative disorders exhibit considerable clinical heterogeneity and are frequently misdiagnosed. This heterogeneity is often neglected and difficult to study. Therefore, innovative data-driven approaches utilizing substantial autopsy cohorts are needed to address this complexity and improve diagnosis, prognosis and fundamental research. We present clinical disease trajectories from 3,042 Netherlands Brain Bank donors, encompassing 84 neuropsychiatric signs and symptoms identified through natural language processing. This unique resource provides valuable new insights into neurodegenerative disorder symptomatology. To illustrate, we identified signs and symptoms that differed between frequently misdiagnosed disorders. In addition, we performed predictive modeling and identified clinical subtypes of various brain disorders, indicative of neural substructures being differently affected. Finally, integrating clinical diagnosis information revealed a substantial proportion of inaccurately diagnosed donors that masquerade as another disorder. The unique datasets allow researchers to study the clinical manifestation of signs and symptoms across neurodegenerative disorders, and identify associated molecular and cellular features

Lymphocryptovirus infection of nonhuman primate b cells converts destructive into productive processing of the pathogenic CD8 T Cell epitope in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein

Copyright © 2016 by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc. EBVis the major infectious environmental risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS), but the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. Patient studies do not allow manipulation in vivo. We used the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) models in the common marmoset and rhesus monkey to model the association of EBVand MS.We report that B cells infected with EBV-related lymphocryptovirus (LCV) are requisite APCs for MHC-E-restricted autoaggressive effector memory CTLs specific for the immunodominant epitope 40-48 of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG). These T cells drive the EAE pathogenesis to irreversible neurologic deficit. The aim of this study was to determine why LCV infection is important for this pathogenic role of B cells. Transcriptome comparison of LCV-infected B cells and CD20+ spleen cells from rhesus monkeys shows increased expression of genes encoding elements of the Ag cross-presentation machinery (i.e., of proteasome maturation protein and immunoproteasome subunits) and enhanced expression of MHC-E and of costimulatory molecules (CD70 and CD80, but not CD86). It was also shown that altered expression of endolysosomal proteases (cathepsins) mitigates the fast endolysosomal degradation of the MOG40-48 core epitope. Finally, LCV infection also induced expression of LC3-II+ cytosolic structures resembling autophagosomes, which seem to form an intracellular compartment where theMOG40-48 epitope is protected against proteolytic degradation by the endolysosomal serine protease cathepsin G. In conclusion, LCV infection induces a variety of changes in B cells that underlies the conversion of destructive processing of the immunodominant MOG40-48 epitope into productive processing and cross-presentation to strongly autoaggressive CTLs

Superheavy Dark Matter and Thermal Inflation

The thermal inflation is the most plausible mechanism that solves the cosmological moduli problem naturally. We discuss relic abundance of superheavy particle $X$ in the presence of the thermal inflation assuming that its lifetime is longer than the age of the universe, and show that the long-lived particle $X$ of mass $10^{12}$--$10^{14}$ GeV may form a part of the dark matter in the present universe in a wide region of parameter space of the thermal inflation model. The superheavy dark matter of mass $\sim 10^{13}$ GeV may be interesting in particular, since its decay may account for the observed ultra high-energy cosmic rays if the lifetime of the $X$ particle is sufficiently long.Comment: 13 pages (RevTex file) including 8 figures, revised version to be published in Physical Review

Opsporen en meten van groeiremming in recirculatiewater en gewas - Werkpakket 2 Glastuinbouw Waterproof substraat

Groeiremming is vaak een reden voor telers om het recirculatiewater te verversen en het overtollige water te lozen. Behalve een te hoog Na-gehalte of een optredende ziekte in het water is de oorzaak van groeiremming nog steeds onduidelijk. Doelstellingen van het uitgevoerde onderzoek waren het vaststellen van de oorzaak van groeiremming, voorstellen van te nemen maatregelen en het ontwikkelen van methoden om groeiremming vroegtijdig te bepalen. Via een getrapte analyse is onderzoek gedaan naar mogelijke groeiremmende componenten. De groeiremmende factor in het drainwater wordt vooral veroorzaakt door een microbiologische factor die zeer waarschijnlijk van een bacteriologische oorsprong is; gewasbeschermingsmiddelen in het drainwater blijken de groei in diverse groeitesten niet te remmen. Monitoring van de zuurstofconcentratie in het water en wortelmilieu en de metingen van de lichtbenuttingsefficiëntie in een rozengewas hebben geen relaties met optredende groeiremming aangetoond. De waarde van deze meetmethoden kon niet goed worden beoordeeld, omdat alleen groeiremming is aangetoond in het drainwater, maar niet in het rozengewa

Arabidopsis CPR5 Independently Regulates Seed Germination and Postgermination Arrest of Development through LOX Pathway and ABA Signaling

The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) and the lipoxygenases (LOXs) pathway play important roles in seed germination and seedling growth and development. Here, we reported on the functional characterization of Arabidopsis CPR5 in the ABA signaling and LOX pathways. The cpr5 mutant was hypersensitive to ABA in the seed germination, cotyledon greening and root growth, whereas transgenic plants overexpressing CPR5 were insensitive. Genetic analysis demonstrated that CPR5 gene may be located downstream of the ABI1 in the ABA signaling pathway. However, the cpr5 mutant showed an ABA independent drought-resistant phenotype. It was also found that the cpr5 mutant was hypersensitive to NDGA and NDGA treatment aggravated the ABA-induced delay in the seed germination and cotyledon greening. Taken together, these results suggest that the CPR5 plays a regulatory role in the regulation of seed germination and early seedling growth through ABA and LOX pathways independently