Teknologiska innovationssystem inom energiomr\ue5det: En praktisk v\ue4gledning till identifiering av systemsvagheter som motiverar s\ue4rskilda politiska \ue5taganden

Syftet med denna rapport \ue4r att illustrera hur ett praktiskt inriktat ramverk, tekno- logiska innovationssystem (TIS), kan anv\ue4ndas av analytiker och beslutsfattare vid departement och myndigheter f\uf6r att analysera strategiskt viktiga teknikomr\ue5den \u10fc11\u10fc05\u10fc07\u10fc06\u10fc04\u10fc0a\u10fc15\u10fc0e\u10fc0c\u10fc06\u10fc0a\u10fc1f\u10fc0e\u10fc03\u10fc05\u10fc04\u10fc11\u10fc22\u10fc11\u10fc06\u10fc0e\u10fc07\u10fc11\u10fc10\u10fc05\u10fc0d\u10fc14\u10fc0e\u10fc06\u10fc0e\u10fc03\u10fc04\u10fc11\u10fc19\u10fc07\u10fc04\u10fc07\u10fc19\u10fc06\u10fc0a\u10fc10\u10fc0e\u10fc03\u10fc05\u10fc03\u10fc04\u10fc11\u10fc0f\u10fc03\u10fc11\u10fc08\u10fc0a\u10fc09\u10fc15\u10fc05\u10fc04\u10fc12\u10fc19\u10fc09\u10fc0a\u10fc06\u10fc0a\u10fc11\u10fc08\u10fc05\u10fc04\u10fc18\u10fc06\u10fc05\u10fc0d\u10fc05\u10fc0c\u10fc15\u10fc0e\u10fc0c\u10fc25\u10fc04I rapporten analyseras fem TIS centrerade kring havsbaserad vindkraft, marin energi, \u10fc11\u10fc19\u10fc09\u10fc1e\u10fc0e\u10fc09\u10fc09\u10fc0e\u10fc03\u10fc24\u10fc04\u10fc0e\u10fc09\u10fc0e\u10fc08\u10fc06\u10fc03\u10fc0a\u10fc1f\u10fc0e\u10fc03\u10fc05\u10fc15\u10fc0e\u10fc04\u10fc06\u10fc0b\u10fc0c\u10fc0d\u10fc05\u10fc04\u10fc1a\u10fc19\u10fc03\u10fc15\u10fc19\u10fc0c\u10fc04\u10fc19\u10fc1e\u10fc14\u10fc04\u10fc2f\u10fc0a\u10fc19\u10fc03\u10fc05\u10fc1a\u10fc1f\u10fc0c\u10fc05\u10fc15\u10fc0e\u10fc03\u10fc0a\u10fc0e\u10fc03\u10fc25\u10fc04\u10fc01\u10fc02\u10fc03\u10fc04\u10fc10\u10fc05\u10fc03\u10fc23\u10fc0e\u10fc04\u10fc2e\u10fc16\u10fc17\u10fc04\u10fc0a\u10fc15\u10fc0e\u10fc0c\u10fc06\u10fc0a\u10fc1f\u10fc0e\u10fc03\u10fc05\u10fc11\u10fc04 systemsvagheter som bromsar omr\ue5dets vidare utveckling, vilka som kan \ue5tg\ue4rdas av systemets akt\uf6rer och vilka som motiverar s\ue4rskilda politiska \ue5taganden. Rapporten utg\uf6r d\ue4rmed ett underlag f\uf6r att formulera \ue5tg\ue4rder f\uf6r att \ue5stadkomma \uf6kad innova- tion, teknikspridning och industrialisering inom ovan n\ue4mnda teknikomr\ue5den.Studien har \ue4ven m\uf6jliggjort en j\ue4mf\uf6rande analys av likheter och skillnader \u10fc07\u10fc0e\u10fc09\u10fc09\u10fc05\u10fc0c\u10fc04\u10fc20\u10fc0e\u10fc03\u10fc05\u10fc04\u10fc06\u10fc0e\u10fc08\u10fc0c\u10fc0a\u10fc08\u10fc19\u10fc07\u10fc03\u10fc18\u10fc15\u10fc0e\u10fc0c\u10fc24\u10fc04\u10fc19\u10fc1e\u10fc14\u10fc04\u10fc15\u10fc0f\u10fc03\u10fc07\u10fc0e\u10fc15\u10fc04\u10fc11\u10fc06\u10fc0f\u10fc03\u10fc08\u10fc06\u10fc04\u10fc07\u10fc02\u10fc23\u10fc09\u10fc0a\u10fc0d\u10fc14\u10fc0e\u10fc06\u10fc0e\u10fc0c\u10fc04\u10fc05\u10fc06\u10fc06\u10fc04\u10fc15\u10fc03\u10fc05\u10fc04\u10fc11\u10fc09\u10fc0b\u10fc06\u10fc11\u10fc05\u10fc06\u10fc11\u10fc0e\u10fc03\u10fc04\u10fc1a\u10fc02\u10fc03\u10fc04 \u10fc2f\u10fc18\u10fc15\u10fc0e\u10fc04\u10fc05\u10fc0c\u10fc05\u10fc09\u10fc22\u10fc06\u10fc0a\u10fc08\u10fc0e\u10fc03\u10fc04\u10fc19\u10fc1e\u10fc14\u10fc04\u10fc2f\u10fc0e\u10fc11\u10fc09\u10fc0b\u10fc06\u10fc11\u10fc1a\u10fc05\u10fc06\u10fc06\u10fc05\u10fc03\u10fc0e\u10fc25\u10fc04\u10fc34\u10fc0e\u10fc06\u10fc04\u10fc1a\u10fc03\u10fc05\u10fc07\u10fc0d\u10fc18\u10fc03\u10fc04\u10fc06\u10fc22\u10fc15\u10fc09\u10fc0a\u10fc0d\u10fc06\u10fc04\u10fc05\u10fc06\u10fc06\u10fc04\u10fc15\u10fc0e\u10fc06\u10fc04\u10fc1f\u10fc0c\u10fc0c\u10fc11\u10fc04\u10fc11\u10fc06\u10fc19\u10fc03\u10fc05\u10fc04\u10fc11\u10fc08\u10fc0a\u10fc09\u10fc09\u10fc0c\u10fc05\u10fc15\u10fc0e\u10fc03\u10fc04 mellan omr\ue5dena – de \ue4r starka respektive svaga av olika orsaker. Detta visar att \u10fc06\u10fc0e\u10fc08\u10fc0c\u10fc0a\u10fc08\u10fc11\u10fc12\u10fc0e\u10fc1e\u10fc0a\u10fc1f\u10fc08\u10fc05\u10fc04\u10fc05\u10fc0c\u10fc05\u10fc09\u10fc22\u10fc11\u10fc0e\u10fc03\u10fc24\u10fc04\u10fc09\u10fc0a\u10fc08\u10fc11\u10fc19\u10fc07\u10fc04\u10fc06\u10fc0e\u10fc08\u10fc0c\u10fc0a\u10fc08\u10fc11\u10fc12\u10fc0e\u10fc1e\u10fc0a\u10fc1f\u10fc08\u10fc05\u10fc04\u10fc18\u10fc06\u10fc0d\u10fc0f\u10fc03\u10fc15\u10fc0e\u10fc03\u10fc24\u10fc04\u10fc0f\u10fc03\u10fc04\u10fc07\u10fc19\u10fc06\u10fc0a\u10fc10\u10fc0e\u10fc03\u10fc05\u10fc15\u10fc0e\u10fc25Samtidigt har omr\ue5dena gemensamma drag. Systemets akt\uf6rer, d\ue4r \ue4ven politiska \u10fc2f\u10fc0e\u10fc11\u10fc09\u10fc0b\u10fc06\u10fc11\u10fc1a\u10fc05\u10fc06\u10fc06\u10fc05\u10fc03\u10fc0e\u10fc04\u10fc0a\u10fc0c\u10fc0d\u10fc18\u10fc03\u10fc24\u10fc04\u10fc14\u10fc05\u10fc03\u10fc04\u10fc06\u10fc25\u10fc0e\u10fc13\u10fc25\u10fc04\u10fc10\u10fc05\u10fc03\u10fc0a\u10fc06\u10fc04\u10fc2f\u10fc03\u10fc05\u10fc04\u10fc12\u10fc18\u10fc04\u10fc05\u10fc06\u10fc06\u10fc04\u10fc06\u10fc05\u10fc04\u10fc1a\u10fc03\u10fc05\u10fc07\u10fc04\u10fc0c\u10fc22\u10fc04\u10fc08\u10fc0b\u10fc0c\u10fc11\u10fc08\u10fc05\u10fc12\u10fc04\u10fc0d\u10fc0e\u10fc0c\u10fc19\u10fc07\u10fc04\u10fc1a\u10fc19\u10fc03\u10fc11\u10fc08\u10fc0c\u10fc0a\u10fc0c\u10fc0d\u10fc04 \u10fc19\u10fc1e\u10fc14\u10fc04\u10fc0e\u10fc13\u10fc12\u10fc0e\u10fc03\u10fc0a\u10fc07\u10fc0e\u10fc0c\u10fc06\u10fc0e\u10fc09\u10fc09\u10fc04\u10fc0b\u10fc06\u10fc10\u10fc0e\u10fc1e\u10fc08\u10fc09\u10fc0a\u10fc0c\u10fc0d\u10fc24\u10fc04\u10fc10\u10fc0a\u10fc09\u10fc08\u10fc0e\u10fc06\u10fc04\u10fc03\u10fc0e\u10fc11\u10fc0b\u10fc09\u10fc06\u10fc0e\u10fc03\u10fc05\u10fc06\u10fc04\u10fc0a\u10fc04\u10fc0c\u10fc22\u10fc05\u10fc04\u10fc06\u10fc0e\u10fc08\u10fc0c\u10fc0a\u10fc08\u10fc09\u10fc02\u10fc11\u10fc0c\u10fc0a\u10fc0c\u10fc0d\u10fc05\u10fc03\u10fc04\u10fc19\u10fc1e\u10fc14\u10fc04\u10fc08\u10fc0b\u10fc0c- skapsn\ue4tverk. Men de har varit s\ue4mre p\ue5 att skapa tidiga nischmarknader som ger utrymme f\uf6r fortsatt l\ue4rande och kostnadsreduktion. S\ue5dana nischer kan ibland skapas av marknadens akt\uf6rer, men ofta kr\ue4vs politiska styrmedel. De beh\uf6vs f\uf6r att investeringar i kunskapsutveckling ska kunna nyttigg\uf6ras och f\uf6r att en bred industriell utveckling inom nya omr\ue5den skall g\uf6ras m\uf6jlig i Sverige.Vidare presenteras l\ue4rdomar kring vad en aktiv teknikpolitik inneb\ue4r. Tv\ue5 huvud- \u10fc05\u10fc03\u10fc0d\u10fc0b\u10fc07\u10fc0e\u10fc0c\u10fc06\u10fc04\u10fc11\u10fc19\u10fc07\u10fc04\u10fc1a\u10fc02\u10fc03\u10fc11\u10fc04\u10fc1a\u10fc03\u10fc05\u10fc07\u10fc04\u10fc0f\u10fc03\u10fc04\u10fc05\u10fc06\u10fc06\u10fc04\u10fc1a\u10fc03\u10fc05\u10fc07\u10fc10\u10fc0f\u10fc13\u10fc06\u10fc0e\u10fc0c\u10fc04\u10fc05\u10fc10\u10fc04\u10fc0c\u10fc22\u10fc04\u10fc06\u10fc0e\u10fc08\u10fc0c\u10fc0a\u10fc08\u10fc04\u10fc0f\u10fc03\u10fc04\u10fc0e\u10fc0c\u10fc04\u10fc1e\u10fc0e\u10fc0c\u10fc06\u10fc03\u10fc05\u10fc09\u10fc04\u10fc15\u10fc0e\u10fc09\u10fc04\u10fc05\u10fc10\u10fc04\u10fc11\u10fc05\u10fc07- h\ue4llsbygget och d\ue4rf\uf6r b\uf6r vara ett politikomr\ue5de bland m\ue5nga samt att den skarpa \u10fc0b\u10fc12\u10fc12\u10fc15\u10fc0e\u10fc09\u10fc0c\u10fc0a\u10fc0c\u10fc0d\u10fc0e\u10fc0c\u10fc04\u10fc11\u10fc19\u10fc07\u10fc04\u10fc0a\u10fc2f\u10fc09\u10fc05\u10fc0c\u10fc15\u10fc04\u10fc0d\u10fc02\u10fc03\u10fc11\u10fc04\u10fc07\u10fc0e\u10fc09\u10fc09\u10fc05\u10fc0c\u10fc04\u10fc43\u10fc06\u10fc0e\u10fc08\u10fc0c\u10fc0a\u10fc08\u10fc11\u10fc12\u10fc0e\u10fc1e\u10fc0a\u10fc1f\u10fc08\u10fc05\u10fc43\u10fc04\u10fc19\u10fc1e\u10fc14\u10fc04\u10fc43\u10fc06\u10fc0e\u10fc08\u10fc0c\u10fc0a\u10fc08\u10fc0c\u10fc0e\u10fc0b\u10fc06\u10fc03\u10fc05\u10fc09\u10fc05\u10fc43\u10fc04\u10fc11\u10fc06\u10fc22\u10fc03- \u10fc07\u10fc0e\u10fc15\u10fc0e\u10fc09\u10fc04\u10fc2f\u10fc02\u10fc03\u10fc04\u10fc05\u10fc10\u10fc15\u10fc03\u10fc05\u10fc07\u10fc05\u10fc06\u10fc0a\u10fc11\u10fc0e\u10fc03\u10fc05\u10fc11\u10fc25\u10fc04\u10fc16\u10fc04\u10fc11\u10fc06\u10fc0f\u10fc09\u10fc09\u10fc0e\u10fc06\u10fc04\u10fc2f\u10fc0e\u10fc1f\u10fc0c\u10fc0c\u10fc0e\u10fc03\u10fc04\u10fc11\u10fc0a\u10fc0d\u10fc04\u10fc05\u10fc09\u10fc09\u10fc05\u10fc04\u10fc11\u10fc06\u10fc22\u10fc03\u10fc07\u10fc0e\u10fc15\u10fc0e\u10fc09\u10fc04\u10fc12\u10fc18\u10fc04\u10fc0e\u10fc0c\u10fc04\u10fc11\u10fc08\u10fc05\u10fc09\u10fc05\u10fc04\u10fc07\u10fc0e\u10fc09\u10fc09\u10fc05\u10fc0c\u10fc04 \u10fc15\u10fc0e\u10fc11\u10fc11\u10fc05\u10fc04\u10fc06\u10fc10\u10fc18\u10fc04\u10fc0e\u10fc13\u10fc06\u10fc03\u10fc0e\u10fc07\u10fc0e\u10fc03\u10fc04\u10fc19\u10fc1e\u10fc14\u10fc04\u10fc19\u10fc09\u10fc0a\u10fc08\u10fc05\u10fc04\u10fc06\u10fc22\u10fc12\u10fc0e\u10fc03\u10fc04\u10fc05\u10fc10\u10fc04\u10fc07\u10fc0e\u10fc03\u10fc04\u10fc11\u10fc12\u10fc0e\u10fc1e\u10fc0a\u10fc1f\u10fc08\u10fc05\u10fc04\u10fc19\u10fc1e\u10fc14\u10fc04\u10fc07\u10fc0e\u10fc03\u10fc04\u10fc0c\u10fc0e\u10fc0b\u10fc06\u10fc03\u10fc05\u10fc09\u10fc05\u10fc04\u10fc11\u10fc06\u10fc02\u10fc15\u10fc04\u10fc2f\u10fc0e\u10fc14\u10fc02\u10fc10\u10fc11\u10fc04\u10fc0a\u10fc04 olika faser av innovationssystemets utveckling.F\uf6r att lyckas med en aktiv teknikpolitik beh\uf6vs en h\uf6g grad av koordinering \u10fc07\u10fc0e\u10fc09\u10fc09\u10fc05\u10fc0c\u10fc04\u10fc07\u10fc22\u10fc0c\u10fc15\u10fc0a\u10fc0d\u10fc14\u10fc0e\u10fc06\u10fc0e\u10fc03\u10fc04\u10fc19\u10fc1e\u10fc14\u10fc04\u10fc15\u10fc0e\u10fc12\u10fc05\u10fc03\u10fc06\u10fc0e\u10fc07\u10fc0e\u10fc0c\u10fc06\u10fc04\u10fc11\u10fc05\u10fc07\u10fc06\u10fc04\u10fc11\u10fc12\u10fc0e\u10fc1e\u10fc0a\u10fc1f\u10fc08\u10fc04\u10fc08\u10fc0b\u10fc0c\u10fc11\u10fc08\u10fc05\u10fc12\u10fc04\u10fc19\u10fc07\u10fc04\u10fc1a\u10fc03\u10fc05\u10fc07\u10fc10\u10fc0f\u10fc13\u10fc05\u10fc0c\u10fc15\u10fc0e\u10fc04 teknikomr\ue5den s\ue5 att ”r\ue4tt” typ av \ue5tg\ue4rder kan s\ue4ttas in vid ”r\ue4tt” tidpunkt av ”r\ue4tt” akt\uf6r. TIS-ramverket lyfts h\ue4r fram som en metod f\uf6r att skapa ett s\ue5dant underlag. Slutligen presenteras en metod f\uf6r projektbed\uf6mningar som syftar till att st\uf6tta handl\ue4ggare i utv\ue4rderingar av projekt inom nya teknikomr\ue5den.Rapporten i sin helhet riktar sig s\ue4rskilt till beslutsfattare och handl\ue4ggare vid myndigheter, departement och politiker, men \ue4ven andra organisationer och indi- vider med intresse av att h\uf6gt st\ue4llda klimatm\ue5l ska kunna n\ue5s samtidigt som en positiv n\ue4ringslivsutveckling m\uf6jligg\uf6rs