NGOs, Networking, and Problems of Representation.

Networking is currently recommended as particularly suitable for NGOs to improve performance and enhance impact. Since many NGOs are small and dispersed, networking is commonly seen as a coat-effective means to share information and spread knowledge about grassroots' needs, solutions and best practices. Also, networking is believed to strengthen NGO's ability to speak with one voice and to significantly increase their impact as policy negotiators and advocating agencies. However, while NGO-networking definitely has a potential to improve the undertakings of NGOs and grassroots' organizations in LDCs, much of this potential is not realized. NGOs have been found not to share information voluntarily as they are often fierce competitors for funds, market-shares and clients and - particularly - for the right to represent other, smaller NGOs. The so called 'NGO-community' is heterogenous and there is reason to doubt that it should have only one voice. Too much networking is done to boost the dominance of a few large and well-connected NGOs while too little networking is devoted to practical and grassroot-relevant efforts on the ground.

State, cooperatives and development in Africa

n this study the author discusses the twin pair cooperatives and development, looking both at constraints and possibilities. It is a theoretical study, but firmly anchored in a variety of emperical works, on the basis of which the author build the discussion