Southampton no.1 (Western Esplanade) geothermal well: geological well completion report

Southampton No 1 (Western Esplanade) was drilled as a geothermal development well, on behalf of the Department of Energy in association with Southampton City Council, following the successful testing of Marchwood No 1 Borehole and studies of the geothermal potential of the Wessex Basin area by the Institute of Geological Sciences. The site was selected near Southampton city centre, with the aim of providing space heating for the proposed Western Esplanade development area. The nearby Marchwood No 1 Borehole is situated 1.8 km to the south-west, and the south-east part of NERC 81-1 seismic line is adjacent to the site (Figure 1.2). Southampton No 1 is situated in an -area of negative gravity anomaly as indicated on the regional Bouguer anomaly map (Figure 1.4)

Lithostratigraphical subdivision of the Sherwood Sandstone Group (Triassic) of the north-eastern part of the Carlisle Basin, Cumbria, and adjacent parts of Dumfries and Galloway, UK.

This report presents a review of the history of the lithostratigraphical subdivision of the Triassic Sherwood Sandstone Group of the north-eastern part of the Carlisle Basin, Cumbria, and adjacent parts of Dumfries and Galloway, UK. Two formations, the St Bees Sandstone and Kirklinton Sandstone, have been mapped in the past. However, previous workers have found considerable difficulty in consistently identifying, defining and mapping the Kirklinton Sandstone Formation. Moreover, previous accounts of the sandstones in the Carlisle area appear to suggest that the succession there differs in several key aspects from its correlatives in other parts of Cumbria and, in particular, the adjacent offshore area. As a result of a short period of field work in the area, it is concluded that the principal lithological change is between mainly fine-grained sandstones, that are generally or commonly micaceous and contain common or numerous mudstone interbeds, in the lower and middle parts of the group, and fine- to coarsegrained sandstones with rare or no mica and mudstone partings at the top of the group. This change occurs within the Kirklinton Sandstone Formation as previously mapped, and it is suggested that this unit is now invalid. Several options are considered as to how the group should be subdivided and the nomenclature to be adopted. All options presently have some associated problems, but the adoption of the same terminology as in the continuous offshore is suggested, i.e. St Bees Sandstone Formation below (subdivided where possible into Rottington Sandstone and Calder Sandstone Members) and Ormskirk Sandstone Formation above

A preliminary feasibility study for the underground disposal of carbon dioxide in UK

The Association of the Coal Producers of the European Community are agreed that immediate action is required to reduce the build up of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere (Harrison, 1990). This is considered necessary even though the effect of these gases on global climate and the human race, are very uncertain mainly because the factors and processes affecting climatic change are poorly understood

Solution of the gypsum cliff (Permian Middle Marl) by the River Ure at Ripon Parks, North Yorkshire

Gypsum in the cliff on the west bank of the River Ure at Ripon Parks is being dissolved by the river. The solution rate has been determined from the solution of a large fallen block in the river and is close to laboratory experimental values. In the centre of the river and around the gypsum block flow rates of 1 m/s have been measured. Laboratory based experiments suggest that such rates would produce undercutting of massive gypsum at about 1.7 m/year. However, flow rates adjacent to the cliff are substantially reduced and much slower rates of undercutting, around 0.10 to 0.18 m/year, are predicted. Observed minimum rates of undercutting are close to these values. The massive gypsum at the southern end of the cliff appears to have been undercut up to 5 m in 50 to 60 years, i.e. between 0.10 and 0.08 m/year, and the northern part of the cliff has been undercut a similar distance in around 100 years

Footprints preserve terminal Pleistocene hunt? Human-sloth interactions in North America

Predator-prey interactions revealed by vertebrate trace fossils are extremely rare. We present footprint evidence from White Sands National Monument in New Mexico for the association of sloth and human trackways. Geologically, the sloth and human trackways were made contemporaneously, and the sloth trackways show evidence of evasion and defensive behavior when associated with human tracks. Behavioral inferences from these trackways indicate prey selection and suggest that humans were harassing, stalking, and/or hunting the now-extinct giant ground sloth in the terminal Pleistocene

Fitomassa de adubos verdes e controle de plantas daninhas em diferentes densidades populacionias de leguminosas.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a fitomassa de calopogônio, mucuna-preta, mucunarajada,feijão-de-porco, guandu de porte alto, Crotalaria spectabilis e C. breviflora sob diferentes densidades de semeadura (10, 20, 40, 80 e 160 sementes viáveis m-2), e o crescimento de plantas daninhas nessas densidades, em área de tabuleiros costeiros. O experimento foi desenvolvido de maio a agosto de 1996, no Campo Experimental “Antônio Martins”(EMDAGRO/Embrapa-CPATC), em Lagarto, SE. O número de plantas vivas na floração (NPVF) e a matéria seca da parte aérea das leguminosas (MSPA) foram determinados quando, em cada espécie, cerca de 50% das plantas floresceram. Maiores incrementos de MSPA, em resposta ao adensamento populacional, foram observados em C. spectabilis e C. breviflora, seguidas pelo calopogônio, mucuna-preta e mucuna-rajada. Em relação ao feijão-de-porco, a resposta foi negativa, enquanto com o guandu não houve influência. Quanto ao NPVF, as respostas ao adensamento foram lineares e positivas em C. spectabilis, C. breviflora e calopogônio, e quadráticas com ponto de máxima em feijão-de-porco,guandu e mucuna-rajada. Embora nenhum modelo tenha sido ajustado para expressar a relação entre NPVF e adensamento na semeadura de mucuna-preta, a sobrevivência dessa espécie foi reduzida em todas as densidades. Maiores inibições de plantas daninhas ocorreram nas parcelas de mucuna-preta e feijão-de-porco

Solution of the gypsum cliff (Permian Middle Marl) by the River Ure at Ripon Parks, North Yorkshire

Gypsum in the cliff on the west bank of the River Ure at Ripon Parks is being dissolved by the river. The solution rate has been determined from the solution of a large fallen block in the river and is close to laboratory experimental values. In the centre of the river and around the gypsum block flow rates of 1 m/s have been measured. Laboratory based experiments suggest that such rates would produce undercutting of massive gypsum at about 1.7 m/year. However, flow rates adjacent to the cliff are substantially reduced and much slower rates of undercutting, around 0.10 to 0.18 m/year, are predicted. Observed minimum rates of undercutting are close to these values. The massive gypsum at the southern end of the cliff appears to have been undercut up to 5 m in 50 to 60 years, i.e. between 0.10 and 0.08 m/year, and the northern part of the cliff has been undercut a similar distance in around 100 years