Furniture manufacturing and wood use in the north central region.

"Sponsored by the agricultural experiment stations of Illinois [and others]""Agricultural experiment stations of Alaska, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture cooperating."Bibliography: p. 66

British surfers and their attitudes and values toward the environment

The purpose of this study was to examine the attitudes of British surfers toward their environment. Eight surfers were interviewed and their views analyzed using an inductive thematic analysis to explore their perceptions of the factors that have influenced their engagement in proenvironmental behaviors. The findings suggest that surfers (in this sample), while motivated to engage in proenvironmental behaviors, are also influenced by a range of factors and appear to be primarily motivated by their identification and a need to maintain their experience of that sport. This reveals an inherent dilemma. Through their sport surfers are able to observe the effects of environmental degradation on the environment (e.g., polluted water), the ecosystem, and on their personal health. However, they are also aware of the trade-offs required in pursuing their sport that may damage the environment (e.g., toxic material involved in sport kit manufacture). When questioned, surfers stated they would be unwilling to give up their sport even at the cost of the environment in which those activities are experienced. This highlights a possibly common problem among environmentally minded outdoor enthusiasts: when do personal benefits outweigh the responsibilities of environmental stewardship? The value of these findings is discussed in relation to the promotion of proenvironmental behaviors and engagement with proenvironmental groups

Development and Flight Results from the C3D2 Imager Payload on AlSat Nano

An experimental CubeSat camera system using 3 separate CMOS imagers was flown in 2014 on UKube-1. In response to an announcement opportunity in December 2014, we proposed an upgrade to our C3D imager payload, which was accepted to fly on AlSat Nano. Launched in September 2016 the system has been operational for over 1 year and has returned both images and housekeeping data, including detailed temperature and radiation dosimetry measurements. Through these in-orbit demonstrations on CubeSans, the image sensors and payload have attained TRL9, and these are now being used in other flight opportunities. In this paper we describe the C3D imager payload, which comprises 3 independent CMOS image sensors used in different camera systems; two wide field cameras are specifically optimised with one to observe the Earth from the 650 km orbit, and the other with its focus set to 40 cm to observe a deployable boom from the CubeSat. The experiment controller also contained thermometry and two RADFET dosimeters, one located on the payload, with the other deployed at a different point on the spacecraft. In this paper we will describe the experiment design and operational performance, and review the in-orbit data obtained during the operations covering over 17 months in-orbit, in addition to discussing lessons learned from the flight experience. We also discuss further developments of the payload concept which we are currently working on toward future flight opportunities

An assessment of land degradation in the headwater catchment of the Klein Zeekoei River, Great Karoo, South Africa

Bibliography: leaves 113-124

Comments on Carl Abbott's article

Commentary challenging the conclusions offered in the article by Carl Abbott in this issue

Analysis of HHS Final Rules on Reinsurance, Risk Corridors and Risk Adjustment

Summarizes final rules for states and health insurance plans for minimizing adverse selection under federal healthcare reform and highlights changes from proposed rules. Outlines implications for states and plans, as well as outstanding issues

Analysis of HHS Proposed Rules on Reinsurance, Risk Corridors and Risk Adjustment

Offers questions and answers about rules for lessening the financial risk of health insurance issuers and exchanges under healthcare reform. Outlines steps for states and health plans, outstanding issues, and operational impact on states

C3D – an imaging radiation damage experiment on UKUBE-1

The Open University, in collaboration with e2v technologies Ltd and XCAM Ltd, have been selected to fly an experimental payload on board the UK Space Agency's UKube-1 pilot Cubesat programme. Cubesat payloads offer a unique opportunity to rapidly build and fly space hardware for minimal cost, providing easy access to the space environment. The proposed payload incorporated new imaging technology using a CMOS image sensor into a combined Earth Observation (EO) technology demonstrator and in-orbit radiation damage characterisation instrument, to help raise the TRL of the sensor technology. Based around the e2v 1.3 MPixel 0.18 micron process “eye-on-Si” CMOS devices, the instrument consists of 3 distinct image sensors; one devoted to radiation damage monitoring (RDM), as well as a narrow field imager (NFI) and a wide field imager (WFI). The narrow and wide field imagers are expected to achieve resolutions of 25 m and 350 m respectively from a 650 km orbit, providing sufficient swathe widths of 30 and 450 km respectively. The radiation damage experiment has been designed to verify and reinforce ground based testing that has been conducted on the e2v eye-on-Si family of devices and includes a TEC for temperature control as well as RADFETs for in-orbit dosimetry. Of particular interest are Single Event Effects (SEEs); Single Event Upset (SEU) and Single Event Latchup (SEL) effects etc. and the experiment contains operating modes to evaluate these during SAA passage. The novel instrument design allows for a wide range of capabilities the within highly constrained mass (170g), power (1W) and space budgets providing a model for future use on similarly constrained missions, such as planetary rovers. Scheduled for launch in June 2014, this project should not only provide valuable data helping to raise the TRL of the technology to prove flight heritage for future missions, but also provide outreach opportunities demonstrating the capabilities of such payloads

C3TM: CEI CCD charge transfer model for radiation damage analysis and testing

Radiation induced defects in the silicon lattice of Charge Couple Devices (CCDs) are able to trap electrons during read out and thus create a smearing effect that is detrimental to the scientific data. To further our understanding of the positions and properties of individual radiation-induced traps and how they affect space- borne CCD performance, we have created the Centre for Electronic Imaging (CEI) CCD Charge Transfer Model (C3TM). This model simulates the physical processes taking place when transferring signal through a radiation damaged CCD. C3TM is a Monte Carlo model based on Shockley-Read-Hall theory, and it mimics the physical properties in the CCD as closely as possible. It runs on a sub-electrode level taking device specific charge density simulations made with professional TCAD software as direct input. Each trap can be specified with 3D positional information, emission time constant and other physical properties. The model is therefore also able to simulate multi-level clocking and other complex clocking schemes, such as trap pumping

Risk Adjustment and Reinsurance: A Work Plan for State Officials

Outlines the decisions and actions states need to take to implement the risk adjustment and reinsurance provisions of the 2010 health reform law, including risk adjustment model, reinsurance parameters, stakeholder engagement, and program administration