Exercise and Physical Therapy in the Elderly

There are many current barriers to participating in exercise and physical therapy in the elderly. Using reputable online resources, we created a handout containing a list of exercises that can be completed safely at home without equipment. It was designed for elderly individuals, as inactivity tends to increase with age and this population is particularly vulnerable to the deleterious effects of inactivity. The strength and flexibility exercises primarily target the back, hips and core, common problem areas in the elderly. The handout will contain links to further resources for more in-depth physical therapy exercises and will be tailored for administration in a primary care setting.https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/fmclerk/1789/thumbnail.jp

The solubilization of phosphates in the presence of organic acids

Loess based soils of West Tennessee are insensitive to the Mehlich I soil P test. A more accurate assessment of plant available P may be obtained using organic acids produced in the rhizosphere. Two such organic acids, citric acid and 2-ketogluconic acid, have been shown to effectively solubilize soil P. The objectives of this study were to: 1) develop extraction procedures that utilize citric and 2-ketogluconic acid and that maximize P solubilization; 2) compare extraction capabilities of the organic acid extraction procedures to those of the Mehlich III and Olsen bicarbonate methods; 3) correlate organic acid extractable P to P solid phase speciation; 4) correlate corn (Zea mays L.) yield and ear leaf P concentration to organic acid extractable P, Mehlich III-P, Olsen-P, and to the inorganic P fractions of the soil solids; and 5) investigate the mechanism of soil P solubilization by 2-ketogluconic acid. Two extraction procedures were found to maximize P solubility from a loess based soil: 1) 10 g soil sample extracted with 25 ml of a 10 mM citric acid, pH 3.5 solution for 3 hrs (OEl), and 2) 5 g soil sample extracted with 25 ml of a 5 mM citric acid + 5 mM 2-ketogluconic acid, pH 3.5 solution for 6 hrs (0E2). Soil samples were obtained from a study that investigated the use of swine manure as a P fertilizer source (at Ames Plantation Experiment Station) and from a study that investigated the long-term influence of tillage practice and fertilizer P rates on com production (at Milan Experiment Station). Both Experiment Stations are located in West Tennessee. In the Ames soil, OEl was significantly correlated with Mehlich III-P (r = 0.84***), Olsen-P (r = 0.50*), and Al-P (r = 0.85***), but OE2 was only correlated with Mehlich III-P (r = 0.74***) and Al-P (r = 0.74***). In the Milan soil, OEl and OE2 were significantly correlated with Mehlich III-P, Olsen-P, Al-P, and Fe-P. None of the available P indices or inorganic P fractions were significantly correlated with plant P from the Ames or Milan studies. In the Milan soil, com yield was significantly correlated with OEl-P (r = 0.68**), OE2-P (r = 0.68**), Mehlich III-P (r = 0.70**), Olsen-P (0.68*), Al-P (0.67*), and Fe-P (r = 0.64*). All of the P indices were poorly correlated with yield in the Ames soil, perhaps due to the relative abundance of P in the organic P phase. Therefore, all four extractants inadequately assessed plant available P in the Ames and Milan soils. The ability of 2-ketogluconic acid to solubilize soil P may be attributed to the formation of soluble Al3+ and Fe3+ complexes and to competition with phosphates for adsorption sites. The former mechanism was investigated by examining the equilibrium solubility of gibbsite as a function of 2-ketogluconic acid concentration, pH, and ionic strength. The solubility results suggest the formation of [Al(C6H9O7)2+], [Al(OH)(C6H9O7)+], [Al(OH)2(C6H9O7)0], and [Al(OH)2(C6H9O7)-], with log K values of 3.0, -1.1, -5.2, and - 10.6, respectively. The formation of these soluble complexes would promote the dissolution of aluminum phosphates (and possible iron phosphates), thereby releasing the soil P into the extracting solution

Extensive Listening: A new approach to an old problem

It is often said that the best way to master something is to do it regularly for an extended length of time. Whether one is learning to write kanji, read music, play a sport, master a craft, or understand another language, each process demands large amounts of time and commitment. Time on task has long been recognized as one of the most reliable predictors of success in attaining proficiency in a second language. Despite this, however, few Japanese English students receive either an adequate amount of classroom instruction or sufficient amounts of practice using the language practice to develop more than rudimentary language facility. Extensive reading (ER) and extensive listening (EL) are two means of addressing this problem. I will explain how EL is able to help learners overcome some of the barriers they face in learning a second language, examine EL for the challenges it poses L2 learners, and provide a few guidelines for instructors who wish to incorporate extensive listening as a component of a language teaching program

Indenture, Marshall County, MS, 1 August 1842

https://egrove.olemiss.edu/aldrichcorr_b/1027/thumbnail.jp

Catholic Responses to Peacebuilding, Climate Change, and Extractive Industries

The paper overviews the Catholic response to addressing climate change-related problems and its peacekeeping efforts in the conflict zones impacted by natural and manmade disasters. It argues for the importance of transforming the dominant economic paradigm based on extracting natural resources for sale around the world, into a more environmentally sound approach that promotes the sustainable use of renewable energy sources and the greenifying of the natural environment. It calls for a world in which humans are seen as stewards of creation and their cities are constructed with the view of tendering and caring for other living sentient species and life forms to better ensure ecological balance and a better-quality life for future generations to come

Crude subcellular fractionation of cultured mammalian cell lines

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The expression and study of recombinant proteins in mammalian culture systems can be complicated during the cell lysis procedure by contaminating proteins from cellular compartments distinct from those within which the protein of interest resides and also by solubility issues that may arise from the use of a single lysis buffer. Partial subcellular fractionation using buffers of increasing stringency, rather than whole cell lysis is one way in which to avoid or reduce this contamination and ensure complete recovery of the target protein. Currently published protocols involve time consuming centrifugation steps which may require expensive equipment and commercially available kits can be prohibitively expensive when handling large or multiple samples.</p> <p>Findings</p> <p>We have established a protocol to sequentially extract proteins from cultured mammalian cells in fractions enriched for cytosolic, membrane bound organellar, nuclear and insoluble proteins. All of the buffers used can be made inexpensively and easily and the protocol requires no costly equipment. While the method was optimized for a specific cell type, we demonstrate that the protocol can be applied to a variety of commonly used cell lines and anticipate that it can be applied to any cell line via simple optimization of the primary extraction step.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We describe a protocol for the crude subcellular fractionation of cultured mammalian cells that is both straightforward and cost effective and may facilitate the more accurate study of recombinant proteins and the generation of purer preparations of said proteins from cell extracts.</p

Barite Concretions from the Cleveland Shale in North-Central Ohio

Author Institution: Department of Geology, Kent State UniversityConcretions composed predominantly of barite occur in the Cleveland Shale of north-centra] Ohio. They have been traced about 8 km through discontinuous exposures along the Vermilion River in Erie and Lorain Counties. These septarian concretions are flattened in the plane of bedding and average 0 cm in length. The concretions contain a black matrix largely composed of fine crystalline barite, surrounded by a fine-grained pyrite rich shell. Septa composed predominantly of more coarsely crystalline barite are generally restricted to the matrix. Although the source of the barium is unknown, the stratigraphic restriction of the occurrence, the sedimentary character of the barite, and the upper Devonian age of the Cleveland Shale suggest that the occurrence may be related to events that formed important bedded barite deposits of mid-Paleozoic age in Arkansas, Nevada and California

Precessional forcing of tropical vegetation carbon storage

Since the Mid-Pleistocene Revolution, which occurred about one million years ago, global temperatures have fluctuated with a quasi-periodicity of ~100 thousand years (kyr). The pattern of past change in the extent of woodlands, and therefore by inference vegetation carbon storage, has been demonstrated to have a strong positive link with this global temperature change at high and mid latitudes. However, understanding of climate systems and ecosystem function indicates that the pattern of woodland change at low latitudes may follow a fundamentally different pattern. We present output from the intermediate complexity model GENIE-1, comprising a single transient simulation over the last 800 kyr and a 174-member ensemble of 130 kyr transient simulations over the last glacial cycle. These simulations suggest that whilst vegetation carbon storage in mid-high northern latitudes robustly follows the characteristic ~100 kyr cycle, this signal is not a robust feature of tropical vegetation which is subject to stronger direct forcing by the precessional (21 kyr) orbital cycle (albeit with a highly uncertain response). We conclude that the correlation of palaeoenvironmental records from low latitudes with global temperature change must be done with caution