Germline Maintenance Through the Multifaceted Activities of GLH/Vasa in

Vasa homologs are ATP-dependent DEAD-box helicases, multipotency factors, and critical components that specify and protect the germline. They regulate translation, amplify piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), and act as RNA solvents; however, the limited availability of mutagenesis-derived alleles and their wide range of phenotypes have complicated their analysis. Now, with clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR/Cas9), these limitations can be mitigated to determine why protein domains have been lost or retained throughout evolution. Here, we define the functional motifs of GLH-1/Vasa i

Registered Ship Notes

https://digitalmaine.com/blue_hill_documents/1179/thumbnail.jp

Snakes, Spiders, Strangers: How the Evolved Fear of Strangers May Misdirect Efforts to Protect Children from Harm

In this chapter, we will argue that stranger fear is an evolved predisposition that increased fitness over the course of human history. In modern, developed societies, however, the same native bias against strangers may obscure perception of the greater threat of child harm posed by familiar peers, acquaintances, friends and kin.https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/psychology_books/1002/thumbnail.jp

Public Access

Presented as part of the Medievalisms on the Move 2014 Conference. http://medievalisms.lmc.gatech.edu/Panel presented on October 31, 2014 in the Stephen C. Hall building, room 102 from 12:30 p.m. to 1:30 p.m.Runtime: 66:02 minute

Activating a Reserve Neural Stem Cell Population In Vitro Enables Engraftment and Multipotency after Transplantation

Summary: The olfactory epithelium (OE) regenerates after injury via two types of tissue stem cells: active globose cells (GBCs) and dormant horizontal basal cells (HBCs). HBCs are roused to activated status by OE injury when P63 levels fall. However, an in-depth understanding of activation requires a system for culturing them that maintains both their self-renewal and multipotency while preventing spontaneous differentiation. Here, we demonstrate that mouse, rat, and human HBCs can be cultured and passaged as P63+ multipotent cells. HBCs in vitro closely resemble HBCs in vivo based on immunocytochemical and transcriptomic comparisons. Genetic lineage analysis demonstrates that HBCs in culture arise from both tissue-derived HBCs and multipotent GBCs. Treatment with retinoic acid induces neuronal and non-neuronal differentiation and primes cultured HBCs for transplantation into the lesioned OE. Engrafted HBCs generate all OE cell types, including olfactory sensory neurons, confirming that HBC multipotency and neurocompetency are maintained in culture. : In this article, Peterson and colleagues show that the reserve stem cells of the mammalian olfactory epithelium, the horizontal basal cells (HBCs), are maintained and expanded in vitro and closely resemble HBCs in vivo. Many HBCs are generated from transdifferentiation of globose basal cells during culturing. Retinoic acid induces differentiation and permits their engraftment back into the olfactory epithelium. Keywords: olfactory epithelium, adult stem cell, horizontal basal cell, retinoic acid, transplantatio

Forest vulnerability to drought controlled by bedrock composition

International audienceForests are increasingly threatened by climate-change-fuelled cycles of drought, dieback and wildfires. However, for reasons that remain incompletely understood, some forest stands are more vulnerable than others, leaving a patchwork of varying dieback and wildfire risk after drought. Here, we show that spatial variability in forest drought response can be explained by differences in underlying bedrock. Our analysis links geochemical measurements of bedrock composition, geophysical measurements of subsurface weathering and remotely sensed changes in evapotranspiration during the 2011-2017 drought in California. We find that evapotranspiration plummeted in dense forest stands rooted in weathered, nutrient-rich bedrock. By contrast, relatively unweathered, nutrient-poor bedrock supported thin forest stands that emerged unscathed from the drought. By influencing both subsurface weathering and nutrient supply, bedrock composition regulates the balance of water storage and demand in mountain ecosystems. However, rather than enhancing forest resilience to drought by providing more water-storage capacity, bedrock with more weatherable and nutrient-rich minerals induced greater vulnerability by enabling a boom-bust cycle in which higher ecosystem productivity during wet years drives excess plant water demand during droughts