Our climatic environment and pain. Exposure to cold environment at work and the weather in daily life

Chronic pain is a major health challenge, and musculoskeletal pain is among the main contributors to years lived with disability worldwide. Earlier research found an association between cold exposure at work and musculoskeletal pain. However, the literature is scarce, especially regarding chronic pain. It is a common belief that weather affects pain experience, but the literature on this topic is conflicting, and many researchers have concluded that there is no association. Therefore, the aims of this thesis are to study whether cold exposure at work is associated with chronic pain, and if weather affects pain tolerance. The results indicate that cold exposure at work is a risk factor for chronic pain and musculoskeletal complaints. Those working in a cold environment ≥25% of the time had more chronic pain, and the association was strongest for those who felt cold often. Those working in cold environment ≥25% of the time also had an increased risk of future musculoskeletal complaints. Cold pain tolerance was highest in the winter. There was a non-random variation in pressure pain tolerance. The timescale of this variation was 5.1 days (95% confidence interval: 4.0-7.2), which is similar to that of the meteorological variables studied. Further, both pressure pain tolerance and cold pain tolerance correlated with meteorological variables. These correlations changed over time and temperature and barometric pressure predicted future values of pressure pain tolerance. Taken together, these findings suggest that weather affects pain tolerance in a dynamic non-linear way

Staying in or Dropping Out of Elite Women's Football—Factors of Importance

publishedVersio

Factors that Influence the Football Career of Female Elite Players in Norway

Master i kroppsøvings- og idrettsvitenskap - Nord universitet 202

Intestinal injury in cardiac arrest is associated with multiple organ dysfunction: A prospective cohort study

Background - The impact of intestinal injury in cardiac arrest is not established. The first aim of this study was to assess associations between clinical characteristics in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and a biomarker for intestinal injury, Intestinal Fatty Acid Binding Protein (IFABP). The second aim was to assess associations between IFABP and multiple organ dysfunction and 30-day mortality. Methods - We measured plasma IFABP in 50 patients at admission to intensive care unit (ICU) after OHCA. Demographic and clinical variables were analysed by stratifying patients on median IFABP, and by linear regression. We compared Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, haemodynamic variables, and clinical-chemistry tests at day two between the “high” and “low” IFABP groups. Logistic regression was applied to assess factors associated with 30-day mortality. Results - Several markers of whole body ischaemia correlated with intestinal injury. Duration of arrest and lactate serum concentrations contributed to elevated IFABP in a multivariable model (p Conclusion - Cardiac arrest duration and lactate serum concentrations were risk factors for intestinal injury. High levels of IFABP at admission were associated with multiple organ dysfunction and mortality

Developmental Course and Risk Factors of Physical Aggression in Late Adolescence

This study examined risk factors of physical aggression during transition from early to late adolescence using a two-wave longitudinal study. Specifically, we examined if risk factors in early adolescence predict physically aggressive behavior starting in late adolescence and why some adolescents desist physical aggressive behavior while others do not. The study sample consisted of 2289 Norwegian adolescents (1235 girls) who participated in the Young-HUNT1 study (mean age 14.5) and the follow-up study 4 years later, Young-HUNT2 study (mean age 18.4). One in six young adolescents reported engaging in physical fights. Moreover, physical aggression in early adolescence was significantly associated with male gender, attention problems, academic problems, being bullied, drinking alcohol, and smoking. Male gender and heavy drinking during early adolescence increased the risk for newly emerging aggressive behavior in late adolescence, whereas heavy drinking during early adolescence was a predictor for persistent versus desisting aggressive behavior in late adolescence.publishedVersionPaid Open Acces

A cluster of high psychological and somatic symptoms in children with idiopathic scoliosis predicts persistent pain and analgesic use 1Â year after spine fusion

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146397/1/pan13467_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146397/2/pan13467.pd

Chronic pain in families:A cross-sectional study of shared social, behavioural, and environmental influences

Chronic pain is common and creates a significant burden to the individual and society. Emerging research has shown the influence of the family environment on pain outcomes. However, it is not clear what shared factors between family members associate with chronic pain. This study aimed to investigate the family-level contribution to an individual's chronic pain status. This was a cross-sectional study using the Generation Scotland: Scottish Family Health Study data set. This study focused on a nested cohort of dyads (only 2 relatives per family, n = 2714). Multi-level modelling was first performed to estimate the extent of variance in chronic pain at the family level. Then each member of the dyad was randomly assigned as either the exposure or outcome family member, and logistic regression was used to identify shared factors associated with the outcome of chronic pain status. Multi-level modelling showed just under 10% of variation in chronic pain status was at a family level. There was an increase in odds of chronic pain if exposure family member had chronic pain (odds ratio [OR]: 1.30, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-1.65), if both were women (OR: 1.39, 95% CI: 0.99-1.94), if both were older in age (OR: 1.80, 95% CI: 1.31-2.48), and if both had low household income (OR: 3.27, 95% CI: 1.72-6.21). These findings show that most explanation for chronic pain is still at the individual level. However, some significant shared effects between family members associate with chronic pain, and this highlights the influence of the family context

Polar opposites? NGOs, left parties and the fight for social change in Nepal

In the early 1990s, when NGOs were rising to prominence as an ostensible force for social change in Nepal, the Maoists were also beginning to organise, and denounced NGOs as agents of imperialism. The Maoists came to prominence by fighting a People’s War launched in 1996, with the intention of improving life for the poor peasant and working-class majority. But after a decade-long struggle, the Maoists became incorporated into the parliamentary system. While Nepal’s first democratic revolution in 1990 met formal, popular political demands, which were consolidated in a subsequent revolution in 2006 overthrowing the monarchy and bringing the People’s War to an end, there was little socio-economic progress for the vast majority. The argument advanced in this article is that this lack of progress relied on the interplay of two phenomena: an anti-Maoist alliance consisting of the international community, the domestic ruling elite and NGOs, and a fundamental ambiguity at the heart of the Maoists’ political theory