821 research outputs found
Mean first passage time for fission potentials having structure
A schematic model of over-damped motion is presented which permits one to
calculate the mean first passage time for nuclear fission. Its asymptotic value
may exceed considerably the lifetime suggested by Kramers rate formula, which
applies only to very special, favorable potentials and temperatures. The
additional time obtained in the more general case is seen to allow for a
considerable increment in the emission of light particles.Comment: 7 pages, LaTex, 7 postscript figures; Keywords: Decay rate, mean
first passage tim
Fission Hindrance in hot 216Th: Evaporation Residue Measurements
The fusion evaporation-residue cross section for 32S+184W has been measured
at beam energies of E_beam = 165, 174, 185, 196, 205, 215, 225, 236, 246,and
257 MeV using the ATLAS Fragment Mass Analyzer. The data are compared with
Statistical Model calculations and it is found that a nuclear dissipation
strength, which increases with excitation energy, is required to reproduce the
excitation function. A comparison with previously published data show that the
dissipation strength depends strongly on the shell structure of the nuclear
system.Comment: 15 pages 9 figure
Quasi-fission reactions as a probe of nuclear viscosity
Fission fragment mass and angular distributions were measured from the
^{64}Ni+^{197}Au reaction at 418 MeV and 383 MeV incident energy. A detailed
data analysis was performed, using the one-body dissipation theory implemented
in the code HICOL. The effect of the window and the wall friction on the
experimental observables was investigated. Friction stronger than one-body was
also considered. The mass and angular distributions were consistent with
one-body dissipation. An evaporation code DIFHEAT coupled to HICOL was
developed in order to predict reaction time scales required to describe
available data on pre-scission neutron multiplicities. The multiplicity data
were again consistent with one-body dissipation. The cross-sections for touch,
capture and quasi-fission were also obtained.Comment: 25 pages REVTeX, 3 tables, 13 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev
Light-like noncommutativity and duality from open strings/branes
In this paper we perform some non-trivial tests for the recently obtained
open membrane/D-brane metrics and `generalized' noncommutativity parameters
using Dp/NS5/M5-branes which have been deformed by light-like fields. The
results obtained give further evidence that these open membrane/D-brane metrics
and `generalized' noncommutativity parameters are correct. Further, we use the
open brane data and supergravity duals to obtain more information about
non-gravitational theories with light-like noncommutativity, or `generalized'
light-like noncommutativity. In particular, we investigate various duality
relations (strong coupling limits). In the light-like case we also comment on
the relation between open membrane data (open membrane metric etc.) in six
dimensions and open string data in five dimensions. Finally, we investigate the
strong coupling limit (high energy limit) of five dimensional NCYM with
\Theta^{12}=\Theta^{34}. In particular, we find that this NCYM theory can be UV
completed by a DLCQ compactification of M-theory.Comment: 24 pages, Latex. v2:Comments and references added. v3:Version
published in JHE
Open Wilson Lines and Group Theory of Noncommutative Yang-Mills Theory in Two Dimensions
The correlation functions of open Wilson line operators in two-dimensional
Yang-Mills theory on the noncommutative torus are computed exactly. The
correlators are expressed in two equivalent forms. An instanton expansion
involves only topological numbers of Heisenberg modules and enables extraction
of the weak-coupling limit of the gauge theory. A dual algebraic expansion
involves only group theoretic quantities, winding numbers and translational
zero modes, and enables analysis of the strong-coupling limit of the gauge
theory and the high-momentum behaviour of open Wilson lines. The dual
expressions can be interpreted physically as exact sums over contributions from
virtual electric dipole quanta.Comment: 37 pages. References adde
Electrified BPS Giants: BPS configurations on Giant Gravitons with Static Electric Field
We consider D3-brane action in the maximally supersymmetric type IIB
plane-wave background. Upon fixing the light-cone gauge, we obtain the
light-cone Hamiltonian which is manifestly supersymmetric. The 1/2 BPS
solutions of this theory (solutions which preserve 16 supercharges) are either
of the form of spherical three branes, the giant gravitons, or zero size point
like branes. We then construct specific classes of 1/4 BPS solutions of this
theory in which static electric field on the brane is turned on. These
solutions are deformations about either of the two 1/2 BPS solutions. In
particular, we study in some detail 1/4 BPS configurations with electric dipole
on the three sphere giant, i.e. BIons on the giant gravitons, which we hence
call BIGGons. We also study BPS configurations corresponding to turning on a
background uniform constant electric field. As a result of this background
electric field the three sphere giant is deformed to squashed sphere, while the
zero size point like branes turn into circular or straight fundamental strings
in the plane-wave background, with their tension equal to the background
electric field.Comment: 32 pages, 1 eps figure; v2: Presentation of derivation of light-cone
Hamiltonian improved, Refs adde
Evidence of Final-State Suppression of High-p_T Hadrons in Au + Au Collisions Using d + Au Measurements at RHIC
Transverse momentum spectra of charged hadrons with 6 GeV/c have
been measured near mid-rapidity (0.2 1.4) by the PHOBOS experiment
at RHIC in Au + Au and d + Au collisions at . The spectra for different collision centralities are compared to collisions at the same energy. The resulting nuclear modification
factor for central Au + Au collisions shows evidence of strong suppression of
charged hadrons in the high- region ( GeV/c). In contrast, the d +
Au nuclear modification factor exhibits no suppression of the high-
yields. These measurements suggest a large energy loss of the high-
particles in the highly interacting medium created in the central Au + Au
collisions. The lack of suppression in d + Au collisions suggests that it is
unlikely that initial state effects can explain the suppression in the central
Au + Au collisions.Comment: 3 pages, 4 figures, International Europhysics Conference on High
Energy Physics EPS (July 17th-23rd 2003) in Aachen, German
Identified particles in Au+Au collisions at sqrt{s_NN} = 200 GeV
The yields of identified particles have been measured at RHIC for Au+Au
collisions at sqrt{s_NN} = 200 GeV using the PHOBOS spectrometer. The ratios of
antiparticle to particle yields near mid-rapidity are presented. The first
measurements of the invariant yields of charged pions, kaons and protons at
very low transverse momenta are also shown.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, Contribution to Quark Matter 2002, Nantes,
France, July 200
Universal Behavior of Charged Particle Production in Heavy Ion Collisions
The PHOBOS experiment at RHIC has measured the multiplicity of primary
charged particles as a function of centrality and pseudorapidity in Au+Au
collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 19.6, 130 and 200 GeV. Two kinds of universal
behavior are observed in charged particle production in heavy ion collisions.
The first is that forward particle production, over a range of energies,
follows a universal limiting curve with a non-trivial centrality dependence.
The second arises from comparisons with pp/pbar-p and e+e- data.
N_tot/(N_part/2) in nuclear collisions at high energy scales with sqrt(s) in a
similar way as N_tot in e+e- collisions and has a very weak centrality
dependence. This feature may be related to a reduction in the leading particle
effect due to the multiple collisions suffered per participant in heavy ion
collisions.Comment: 4 Pages, 5 Figures, contributed to the Proceedings of Quark Matter
2002, Nantes, France, 18-24 July 200
Global Observations from PHOBOS
Particle production in Au+Au collisions has been measured in the PHOBOS
experiment at RHIC for a range of collision energies. Three empirical
observations have emerged from this dataset which require theoretical
examination. First, there is clear evidence of limiting fragmentation. Namely,
particle production in central Au+Au collisions, when expressed as
(), becomes energy independent at high energy for a
broad region of around . This energy-independent region grows
with energy, allowing only a limited region (if any) of longitudinal
boost-invariance. Second, there is a striking similarity between particle
production in e+e- and Au+Au collisions (scaled by the number of participating
nucleon pairs). Both the total number of produced particles and the
longitudinal distribution of produced particles are approximately the same in
e+e- and in scaled Au+Au. This observation was not predicted and has not been
explained. Finally, particle production has been found to scale approximately
with the number of participating nucleon pairs for . This scaling
occurs both for the total multiplicity and for high \pT particles (3 <\pT<
4.5 GeV/c).Comment: QM2002 plenary talk, 10 pages, 11 figure
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