2,203 research outputs found
Synthesis of Non-proteinogenic Amino-Acid Methyl Esters with Acid-Sensitive Side Chains from a Chiral Glycine Derivative
A superior chiral glycine derivative 1 (tert-butyl 2-(tert-butyl)-4-methoxy-2,5-dihydro-1,3-imidazole-1-carboxylate, BDI) for the synthesis of acid-sensitive and highly hindered α-amino-acid methyl esters is readily available by resolution methods. The heterocycle 1 is alkylated once and twice in the 5-position with very high diastereoselectivity, and the resulting products (2, 3) are hydrolyzed under very mild conditions to give methyl esters of the corresponding amino acids (6–10)
Flux Enhancement of Slow-moving Particles by Sun or Jupiter: Can they be Detected on Earth?
Slow-moving particles capable of interacting solely with gravity might be
detected on Earth as a result of the gravitational lensing induced focusing
action of the Sun. The deflection experienced by these particles are inversely
proportional to the square of their velocities and as a result their focal
lengths will be shorter. We investigate the velocity dispersion of these
slow-moving particles, originating from distant point-like sources, for
imposing upper and lower bounds on the velocities of such particles in order
for them to be focused onto Earth. We find that fluxes of such slow-moving and
non-interacting particles must have speeds between ~0.01 and ~0.14 times the
speed of light, . Particles with speeds less than ~0.01 c will undergo way
too much deflection to be focused, although such individual particles could be
detected. At the caustics, the magnification factor could be as high as ~10E+6.
We impose lensing constraints on the mass of these particles in order for
them to be detected with large flux enhancements to be greater than E-9 eV. An
approximate mass density profile for Jupiter is used to constrain particle
velocities for lensing by Jupiter. We show that Jupiter could potentially focus
particles with speeds as low as ~0.001c, which the Sun cannot. As a special
case, the perfect alignment of the planet Jupiter with the Sun is also
considered.Comment: 20 Pages, 5 figure
Large nuclear spin polarization in gate-defined quantum dots using a single-domain nanomagnet
The electron-nuclei (hyperfine) interaction is central to spin qubits in
solid state systems. It can be a severe decoherence source but also allows
dynamic access to the nuclear spin states. We study a double quantum dot
exposed to an on-chip single-domain nanomagnet and show that its inhomogeneous
magnetic field crucially modifies the complex nuclear spin dynamics such that
the Overhauser field tends to compensate external magnetic fields. This turns
out to be beneficial for polarizing the nuclear spin ensemble. We reach a
nuclear spin polarization of ~50%, unrivaled in lateral dots, and explain our
manipulation technique using a comprehensive rate equation model
The Impact of the Global Economic Crisis on Support for Democracy
This contribution provides a brief introduction into the second part of this HSR Special Issue. It informs about an ongoing project on the development of democracy in seven countries, five 'new' and two 'established' democracies. The five new democracies are Chile, South Korea, Poland, South Africa and Turkey. They are compared to Sweden and Germany. The five new democracies are located in different world regions and have different cultural and historical backgrounds. The contribution provides basic economic and political information on these countries. It also describes the common data base used by the six contributions: two surveys of members of parliament conducted in 2007 and 2013 as well as waves 5 and 6 of the World Values Survey conducted at about the same time. The common focus of all six contributions is the analysis of change in political legitimacy between 2007 and 2013
Probleme und politische Einstellungen in Heidelberg
Umfrage zu Problemen und politischen Einstellungen in Heidelberg im Vorfeld der Kommunanal- und Europawahlen 1994. 662 Telefoninterviews
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