The relationships of sleep quality, length, and napping to physical performance

College students suffer from more sleep disturbances than the general population. Sleep difficulties can lead to lower levels of performance, memory, and cognitive ability. Sleep quality is known to impact individuals\u27 physical and psychological health. The relationship between sleep variables (i.e., sleep quality, sleep length, sleepiness, and a nap/relaxation) and physical performance (i.e., flexibility, grip strength, and peak performance) has not been fully examined. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between sleep quality, sleep length, and sleepiness and physical performance (e.g., flexibility, grip strength, and peak power), as well as to determine if a short nap diminishes the effect of poor sleep on the same physical performance measures. Participants of this study were students at a mid-sized southern United States university who were recruited from classes in the College of Education. The relationship between sleep quality, length, and sleepiness and flexibility, grip strength, vertical jump height, and peak power was assessed using the Sleep Quality Index, the Adult Sleep-Wake Scale, the Sleep Habits Questionnaire, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale, hand dynamometer, vertical jump test, and sit-and-reach box. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to determine the effect of a nap/relaxation on flexibility, grip strength, vertical jump height, and peak power, with gender as an independent variable. Correlations were also conducted to determine the relationship between sleep quality, sleep duration, and sleepiness and flexibility, grip strength, and peak power

“Gesund leben in der Schwangerschaft” (GeliS) – Einfluss einer Lebensstilintervention innerhalb der Schwangerenvorsorge auf das Bewegungs- und Stillverhalten sowie die mütterliche Gewichtsentwicklung

The effect of a lifestyle intervention in the antenatal routine care setting on physical activity and breastfeeding behaviour and maternal weight development was investigated in the cluster-randomised 'healthy living in pregnancy (GeliS)' trial. Women in the intervention group received comprehensive lifestyle counselling. The intervention did not impact on gestational weight gain but improved the antenatal physical activity behaviour. Maternal postpartum weight development and breastfeeding behaviour were influenced by the intervention, but the clinical relevance of these findings needs further research.Der Effekt einer Lebensstilintervention, die parallel zur Schwangerenvorsorge durchgeführt wurde, auf das Bewegungs- und Stillverhalten, sowie die mütterliche Gewichtsentwicklung wird in der cluster-randomisierten „Gesund leben in der Schwangerschaft-Studie“ (GeliS) untersucht. Frauen in der Interventionsgruppe erhielten ein umfassendes Lebensstilprogramm. Die Intervention hatte keinen Einfluss auf die Gewichtszunahme in der Schwangerschaft, aber verbesserte das Bewegungsverhalten. Auch wurden die mütterliche Gewichtsentwicklung nach der Geburt sowie das Stillverhalten beeinflusst, wobei die klinische Relevanz dieser Ergebnisse weiter erforscht werden muss

TIDieR-PHP: a reporting guideline for population health and policy interventions

We lack guidance on how to describe population health and policy (PHP) interventions in reports of evaluation studies. PHP interventions are legal, fiscal, structural, organisational, environmental, and policy interventions such as the regulation of unhealthy commodities, health service reorganisation, changes in welfare policy, and neighbourhood improvement schemes. Many PHP interventions have characteristics that are important for their implementation and success but are not adequately captured in the original Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist. This article describes the development of a revised reporting template for PHP interventions (TIDieR-PHP) and presents the checklist with examples for each ite

Aflatoxin Contamination and Consumer Valuation of Maize in Western Kenya

Crop Production/Industries,

Empresa Multinacional en América Latina: ¿una estrategia de coordinación o de jerarquía? Estudio de caso de una empresa multinacional danesa en Argentina (2020-2021)

La presencia de las empresas multinacionales en las economías de América Latina ha aumentado desde la década de los 90, como consecuencia de reformas neoliberales y aperturas económicas (Chudnovsky, 2000; Ferraz, Mortimore, y Tavares, 2011; Schneider, 2013). No obstante, aún existe poca información sobre la adaptabilidad de las estrategias corporativas de las empresas multinacionales al contexto institucional latinoamericano. El objetivo de este trabajo es echar luz sobre esta brecha utilizando el marco teórico de Variedades del Capitalismo (Hall y Soskice, 2001) y el modelo de Economías de Mercado Jerárquicas (HMEs) sobre América Latina (Schneider, 2013; Schneider y Soskice, 2009). A través de un estudio de caso de una empresa multinacional danesa operando en Argentina se puede advertir que, en las dimensiones laborales de la estrategia, la empresa mantiene una estrategia principalmente alineada a su país de origen. Además, la empresa promueven mecanismos de coordinación internos tanto entre los empleados locales como entre la casa matriz y la subsidiaria que son menos jerárquicos que lo esperado y más alineado al modelo institucional de su país de origen. Mientras que, en las dimensiones financieros, la estrategia corporativa se alinea al comportamiento esperado de una empresa multinacional según el modelo HME

“O fim da pobreza”, de Jeffrey D. Sachs

Jeffrey D. Sachs propõe em seu livro “O fim da pobreza”, publicado em 2005, que 0,7% do orçamento do produto nacional bruto dos países desenvolvidos seja destinado para ajuda oficial aos países em desenvolvimento (AOD), renovando uma proposta de 1970 da Organização das Nações Unidas. Em números percentuais, menos de 1% é um valor baixo, mas em números absolutos seria um grande valor alocado para o extermínio da pobreza extrema. Há que se concentrar os recursos financeiros na população definida, propiciando um mínimo de dignidade a esse segmento

Larval Performance in Relation to Labile Oviposition Preference of Crocidolomia pavonana [F.] (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Among Phenological Stages of Cabbage

Crocidolomia pavonana (=binotalis) [F.] demonstrates oviposition peaks in the field that we believe to be correlated with host plant phenology. In previous two-choice laboratory experiments, we found the highest relative proportion of oviposition on cabbage to correspond either to plant growth stages ≈7–8 wk or ≈9–11 wk old, depending on the alternate host plant with which it was presented. In cabbage-only trials, leaves from 7- to 8-wk-old plants were preferred. Inconsistency in preference led to the question of whether oviposition on either cabbage growth stage would confer adaptive advantages in offspring performance. We simulated oviposition on four phenological stages of cabbage in two ways. In a study of complete immature development, growth rate, pupal weight, and survivorship were measured. We also compared food utilization efficiency during the fourth larval instar by analyzing growth rate, efficiency of biomass accumulation, and frass production by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). For both experiments, cabbage plants of defined phenological stages were designated at the time of oviposition, and larvae were fed from these as plants continued to grow throughout larval development. Our data indicate adaptive advantages in larval growth rate and food conversion efficiency to oviposition on cabbage at ≈7–8 wk from planting. Oviposition on later cabbage growth stages resulted in comparatively poor larval performance. Possible explanations for C. pavonana oviposition behavior in light of these results are discusse

Effects of Host Plant Phenology on Oviposition Preference of Crocidolomia pavonana (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Field studies have demonstrated mixed success in trap cropping to manage Crocidolomia pavonana (=binotalis) [F.], a major pest of cruciferous crops in Asia. A possible explanation for this is an influence of host plant phenology on oviposition preference. We tested this in simultaneous two-choice oviposition bioassays under laboratory conditions. In cylindrical cardboard experimental arenas, with 5-cm2 leaf windows, individual C. pavonana females were offered eight sequential phenological stages of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L., Capitata group, cultivar Gloria) with a constant stage of preflowering Indian mustard (Brassica juncea, variety rugosa, cultivar Green Wave). Results showed a significant effect of cabbage developmental stage on oviposition preference. We continued with two-choice bioassays, using whole leaves, in screen cage experimental arenas. Females were offered the three most preferred phenological stages of cabbage and differing stages of four potential trap crop alternatives: preflowering Indian mustard; preflowering Chinese cabbage (B. rapa L., variety pekinensis [Lour.] Olsson); preflowering, flowering, and "with silique” sawi manis (B. rapa, variety parachinensis [Bailey] Tsen and Lee); and preflowering and flowering sayur pahit (B. rapa, variety parachinensis [Bailey] Tsen and Lee). Results indicated that the phenological stages of both plants had a significant effect on relative oviposition preference. However, patterns of preference changed in the context of the different plant species combinations. In addition, implicit hierarchical preference order was frequently contradicted. These results have implications for the improvement of trap cropping strategies to manage C. pavonana and for the potential success of biological control of Plutella xylostella [L.], where these pests occur in comple